Sadri Maksudi Arsal

Sadri Maksudi Arsal (1907)

Sadri Maksudi Arsal ( Tatar Sadreddin Nizamettin ulı Maksudi ; * 1879 near Kazan , Russia , † February 20, 1957 in Istanbul ) was a Tatar statesman, legal scholar, thinker and scientist. He was a member of the Russian Duma as well as the Grand National Assembly of Turkey . The famous Russian author Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy called Arsal A Cunning Tatar Child . As a close friend of Ataturk , Arsal was instrumental in shaping and shaping Turkicism .

In the Russian Empire

Arsal was born as the son of a hodja of a madrasa in the village of Taşşu near Kazan. His big brother (Ahmet-) Hadi Maksudi was a well-known supporter of Jadidism . After a traditional school and Madrasaausbildung, where he in Bakhchisaray Ismail Gasprinski met, he attended a Russian school to become a teacher. Because of this decision, he was expelled from the Turkish community. After Arsal graduated from school in 1901, he wanted to continue his education in Istanbul . But İsmail Gasprinski persuaded him to go to Paris to get a better and more modern education. So Arsal enrolled in law at the Sorbonne and returned to Kazan in 1906 after graduating.

In the same year Arsal was a member of the Constitutional Democrats party in the II. And III. Duma elected. He became known for his heated speeches and traveled to Great Britain as a Duma delegate . He published a report on this trip under the title Angliya'ya Seyahat ( Engl .: Journey to England) in Kazan in 1912. In the turmoil after the October Revolution at the end of 1917, Bashkortostan , the homeland of Arsal, declared itself autonomous under Zeki Velidi Togan . Arsal took part in the formulation of the constitution of this new state and was elected President of the Millät Mäcles (German: People's Parliament) parliament. Autonomy was soon to be followed by the establishment of a state, but the new rulers in Russia did not allow this. Arsal then had to leave Russia in 1917 and first went to Finland , where he stayed for a year. In 1919 Arsal took part in the peace talks on the Sèvres Treaties in Paris and in vain advocated an independent state of Bashkortostan. He then lived for a while in Berlin and in August 1923 he settled with his family in Paris, where he taught at the Sorbonne.

In the Republic of Turkey

During his time at the Sorbonne he worked on the history of the Turks. When he gave a series of lectures in the new Turkish Republic in 1924, his life changed fundamentally. In 1925 he received a letter from the chairman of the Türk Ocakları (German: Turkish Associations) Hamdullah Suphi with a personal invitation from Ataturk to Turkey. Arsal played a major role in founding the Türk Dil Kurumu (English: Institute for the Turkish Language). Inspired by Arsal's book Türk Dili İçin ( Eng .: For the Turkish language) Ataturk founded the Türk Dil Kurumu.

In Turkey he changed his name from Sadrettin Nizamettinoviç Maksudov to Sadri Maksudi and took the surname Arsal. As a professor, he has published many works in various disciplines such as law, history, philosophy, linguistics and sociology.

As a member of the Şebinkarahisar Provinces (now part of Giresun Province), Giresun and Ankara, Arsal was a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey three times.

As a lawyer

A graduate of the Paris Law School, Arsal founded the Ankara Law School in 1925. After teaching in Ankara for years, he moved to Istanbul. With his books Hukukun Umumi Esasları (1937), Hukuk Tarihi Dersleri (1938), Umumi Hukuk Tarihi (1941), Hukuk Felsefesi Tarihi (1946) and Türk Tarihi ve Hukuk (1947), he further developed the basis for legal training. But his greatest achievement for the Turkish legal system was the establishment of the specialty Türk Hukuku Tarihi (History of Turkish Law).

family

Arsal was married to Kamile Hanım. She came from the Rameev family who ran a gold mine in Orenburg . Arsal had two daughters named Adile and Naile. Arsal died in Istanbul in 1957 and was buried in the Zincirlikuyu cemetery. His daughter Adile Ayda finished her academic career in 1932 and became the first female diplomat at the Turkish Foreign Ministry and a Turkologist.

Fonts

• 1898: Maişet , Kazan
• 1912: Angliya'ya Seyahat , Kazan
• 1927: Hukuk Tarihi Dersleri , Ankara: Ankara Hukuk Fakanschesi Yayınları
• 1928: Türk Hukuk Tarihi , Ankara: Ankara Hukuk Fakanschesi Yayınları
• 1930: Türk Dili İçin , Ankara: Türk Ocakları Yayınları
• 1933: İskitler-Sakalar , Ankara: Türk Tarihinin Anahatları Serisi, No. 5.
• 1934: Orta Asya Türk Devletler , Ankara: Türk Tarihinin Anahatları Serisi, II, No. 19th
• 1937: Hukukun Umumi Esasları , Ankara: Ankara Hukuk Fakanschesi Yayınları
• 1941: Umumi Hukuk Tarihi , Ankara: Ankara Hukuk Faküllei Yayınları
• 1946: Hukuk Felsefesi , İstanbul: İstanbul Hukuk Fakanschesi Talebe Cemiyet Yayınları
• 1947: Türk Tarihi Ve Hukuk , İstanbul: İstanbul Hukuk Fakanschesi Yayınları
• 1955: Milliyet Duygusunun Sosyolojik Esasları , İstanbul
• 1940: Teokratik Devlet ve Laik Devlet , İstanbul - İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları
• 1940: İngliz Nurse Hukukunun İnkişafı Safhaları , İstanbul - İstanbul Hukuk Fakanschesi Yayınları
• 1945: Farabi'nin Hukuk Felsefesi , İstanbul - İstanbul Hukuk Fakanschesi Yayınları
• 1947: Kutadgu-Bilig , İstanbul - İstanbul Hukuk Faküllei Yayınları

Web links

Commons : Sadri Maksudi Arsal  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Biography in honor of the 50th anniversary of Arsal's death (Turkish) (PDF; 303 kB)
• Muslim nationalism in the Russian Empire by Christian Noack , on Google books