Sand Esparsette

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Sand Esparsette
Sand Esparsette (Onobrychis arenaria subsp.arenaria)

Sand sainfoin ( Onobrychis arenaria subsp. Arenaria )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Esparsettes ( Onobrychis )
Type : Sand Esparsette
Scientific name
Onobrychis arenaria
( Kit. ) DC.

Sand sainfoin ( Onobrychis arenaria ) is a Central European scatters to rarely occurring Pea (Faboideae) in the family of legumes (Fabaceae).

description

inflorescence
Flower: the bract is hardly longer than the flower stalk.
Endangered species on Latvian postage stamp (2004)

The Sand Esparsette grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 80 centimeters. The stem is ascending to upright. The leaves are pinnate unpaired with 5 to 17 leaflets. The leaflets are 2 to 4 millimeters wide and lanceolate to narrow-linear.

The flowering time is mainly in the months of June and July. The inflorescence stem is about three times as long as the corresponding leaf. The inflorescence is narrow spindle-shaped. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The close-fitting hairy calyx is 4 to 6 mm long and the calyx teeth are once or twice as long as the calyx tube. The whitish-pink crown has the typical shape of the butterfly flower and is 7 to 10 mm long (on Onobrychis arenaria subsp. Taurerica 10 to 12 mm). The wings are only 2 to 3 mm long.

The legume is about 4 to 6 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14 or 28.

Occurrence

Onobrychis arenaria is an Eastern European-Asian floral element and comes from the steppe regions of Eurasia . Their distribution area extends west to France and south to Greece. The Sand Esparsette is found scattered or rarely in Central Europe . In Germany only Onobrychis arenaria subsp. arenaria are rare, especially in Thuringia and Franconia . Their locations there are outside the contiguous area . It is classified as endangered in the Red List . It occurs scattered in north-eastern and southern Switzerland . In Austria it occurs frequently in the Pannonian region ; otherwise it is rare there. Onobrychis arenaria subsp. taurerica is also seldom found in Carinthia and East Tyrol .

Onobrychis arenaria grows on semi-arid and grazed grasslands . It prefers moderately fresh to dry, lime or gypsum-containing rock, sand and loess soils . It is a character species of the Cirsio-Brachypodion association, but also occurs in Western Central Europe in societies of the order Brometalia.

ecology

The Sand Esparsette has roots up to 150 centimeters deep.

Systematics

The sand sasparsette is closely related to the fodder sasparsette ( Onobrychis viciifolia ), which occurs widely in Central Europe and is cultivated as a cultivated plant . It can be distinguished from this by the shorter flowers, the elongated, narrow inflorescence and the narrower leaves. Nevertheless, a delimitation from one another, especially in areas where both species occur, is not always possible. This is due on the one hand to the great variability of the forage sasparsets, and on the other hand to the fact that hybrid , fertile forms occur between the two species. In some areas it is therefore hardly possible to separate them into species or subspecies. Onobrychis arenaria itself is also very variable and can be divided into several subspecies, whereby in Central Europe the Onobrychis arenaria subsp. arenaria can be found. Only in Austria is the Onobrychis arenaria subsp. taurerica , also known as Tauern-Sand-Esparsette , which is derived from Onobrychis arenaria subsp. arenaria differs among other things through larger flowers and a non-scaly inflorescence.

The following subspecies occur in Europe and the surrounding regions:

  • Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. subsp. arenaria in France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece.
  • Onobrychis arenaria subsp. cana (Boiss.) Hayek in European and Asian Turkey and on the East Aegean Islands.
  • Onobrychis arenaria subsp. lasiostachya (Boiss.) Hayek in Bulgaria and Greece.
  • Onobrychis arenaria subsp. miniata (Steven) PWBall , in the Crimea and the Northern Caucasus .
  • Onobrychis arenaria subsp. sibirica (Better) PWBall
  • Onobrychis arenaria subsp. taurerica hand .-- Mazz. in Austria and Italy.
  • Onobrychis arenaria subsp. tommasinii (Jord.) Asch. & Graebn. in Italy and Albania .

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literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Sand Esparsette. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 607.
  3. ↑ ILDIS World Database of Legumes. In: Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. 2010.

Web links

Commons : Sand-Esparsette  - album with pictures, videos and audio files