Sarbecovirus
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Sarbecovirus is a subgenus within the genus Betacoronavirus in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae and the family Coronaviridae . So far it only contains one species. This is called " Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ", or "SARS-related coronavirus" for short. The best-known viruses within this species are SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 , the causes of the diseases SARS and COVID-19 .
Surname
The subgenus Sarbecovirus was ratified as part of a complete revision of the order of Nidovirales in 2018. The revision of the order included a reorganization of the previous Coronaviridae family into two families: the changed Coronaviridae family and the new Tobaniviridae family .
This should provide a framework for the reasonable systematization of the molecular and biological properties of the viruses of these two new families, in which the majority of viruses were still unclassified. Therefore, one consciously chose such conspicuously " speaking " and systematic names like "Sarbecovirus" (for English " SAR S-related / SAR S-like be ta co ronavirus" ) or "Merbecovirus" (for English " MER S-related / MER S-like be ta co ronavirus " ,) so that viruses can in the context of research into their biological-molecular properties very quickly and effectively classify.
The rules of the ICTV for viral taxonomy state that names of higher taxa (as a species) should not be abbreviated or translated into other languages. Although the ICTV as a formal non- responsible declared the award and designation of sub-genres, these rules are also in use, at least when, as here, the subgenus and her name was actually still determined by the ICTV.
Therefore, Sarbecovirus is only standardized in this form and definition as the name of the subgenus. The terms "Sarbecovirus" and "Sarbecovirus" (such as in the sentence: "A Sarbecovirus X," but not in: "The sub-genus Sarbecovirus") are not (internationally quasi-official) alternative names of the sub-genus, but permissible collective names ( engl. collective names ) for some or all viruses in this subgenus.
composition
The subgenus Sarbecovirus contains all viruses, on the one hand a certain degree of genetic kinship with each other and with the original SARS - pathogen SARS-CoV have. And on the other hand, fail to achieve a certain degree of genetic relationship with all other viruses of the order Nidovirales .
The best-known viruses within this subgenus are SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 . Both are so closely related that they are classified into the same species. So far, no nidoviruses have been classified that are far enough away from this species not to be classified into it, but close enough not to exceed the subgenus limit. Therefore, no further species taxon has been added to the subgenus Sarbecovirus .
A conclusion that is drawn from this “narrowing” of the subgenus to only one species is that the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus is still comparatively “young” and a possible common (not yet found) ancestor of the viruses of this species emerged only recently.
A graphic overview of the taxonomic classification of Sarbecovirus within a larger family tree can be found e.g. B. in the articles Coronaviridae and Betacoronavirus .
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
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↑ a b c ICTV Taxonomy history: Sarbecovirus . In: ICTV homepage . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), accessed May 7, 2020 . And related proposal: 2017.013S. (ZIP; 4.49 MiB) In: ICTV homepage . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), accessed May 7, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Can I translate virus names into my own language? In: ICTV homepage . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), August 11, 2017, accessed May 7, 2020 .
- ↑ a b How to write virus and species names? In: ICTV homepage . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), April 6, 2020, accessed May 7, 2020 .