Schuetting (Bremen)

The Schütting

The Schütting is the building of the Bremen merchants, formerly the guild and food store of the merchants and since 1849 the seat of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce . It has been a listed building since 1973.

It is on the south side of the Bremen market square , directly opposite the town hall .

The name Schütting

The west gable from 1537/38 still has late Gothic features. Instead of the middle mezzanine floor window, there was initially a portal framed by a blind arcade with a wide, straight flight of stairs.

Guildhalls called Schütting are or there were, except in Bremen in the Norwegian mountains ( Scotting ) and in Lübeck, Lüneburg, Oldenburg (since 1604), Osnabrück and Rostock. They were used not only for events and administrative tasks, but also as accommodation for foreign merchants. The name is probably related to the Low German verb schütten, inschütten = "protect".

First guild houses and politics

Schütting around 1641

Before the construction of today's Schütting, the Bremen merchants used two former private houses one after the other as a guild house. They bought the first one in 1425. It was on the corner of Langenstrasse and Hakenstrasse. However, the town hall on the market square had been built 15 years earlier . The merchant's parents wanted to be present here, as did the council , which increasingly included merchants, but for a long time mainly landowners. That is why the parents sold the house in Langenstrasse again in 1444 and in the same year acquired a house from a third party on the property of today's Schütting, which had previously belonged to the Hemeling family , who were represented in the council and who owned other houses on the market. It stood opposite the then new town hall between Markt and Balge . As early as 1444 it was called Schütting . In 1451, the parents gave themselves new statutes and were then able to participate more in politics. The Schütting property was enlarged in 1513 by purchasing five neighboring “booths” (shops or small houses). During the uprising of 104 men , the parents had to cede the Schütting to the city. The Hundred and Four also took over the management of the tons in the Lower Weser. The parents emerged stronger from the defeat of the Hundred and Four.

New construction of the Schütting

Now the Bremen merchants had their guild house demolished and a more modern and larger one built on its foundation walls by the Antwerp builder Johann den Buschener from 1537 to 1538. There is speculation about the reason for the contract to an external craftsman. He should not have been an international star of his profession, because he received only about a third of the wages for which Bremen builders worked in Bremen. The artistic design of the facades extended for a long time for financial reasons. Only the stepped gable on the west side was still created by Buschener himself, stylistically on the border between the late Gothic and the Renaissance . Three doors in the middle of the storey and a fourth above, from which the house crane hung, recall the use of the three attic storeys as storage . The portal to the market was also completed in 1538. It was not yet in the middle, but in the second window axis from the left, and had a straight flight of stairs down to the square. On both sides in front of the basement there was a low arcade that was probably used for market stalls. The east gable was created by the Bremen stonemason Karsten Husmann in 1565 . It embodies the purest Renaissance style. The design of the market facade, which has been handed down in illustrations, dates back to the 1590s. Lüder von Bentheim was at least involved as a supplier of the sandstone. Slight irregularities in the spacing of the window axes leave open the extent to which the previous building was removed. Since 1595 the front of the market had seven continuous cornices, one of which each horizontally divided the window openings of the two main floors. There was a medallion above each window facing the market.

Above the central window axis, which at that time was still doorless, the roof was provided with the dwelling that still exists (or has been restored) today, the gable of which is based on the late Gothic shape of the keel arch . The six dormers distributed in two heights on the sloping roof also have this shape. When they were put on, they formed the counterpart to six similarly distributed dormers in the shape of a keel arch on the sloping roof of the town hall. However, these were removed in the 19th century because they were mistakenly believed to be later ingredients.

Conversions

The Bremen merchant coat of arms in the decorative gable of the entrance portal

Schütting with a simple baroque facade since 1756, lithograph 1830

In the 18th century, Theophilus Wilhelm Freese moved the entrance to the center in 1756 . At first it was only simply framed and again only had a single flight of stairs. The medallions above the windows disappeared and only three of the continuous cornices remained, under each row of windows and under the eaves.

In the middle of the 19th century, the small shops that the arcade had been converted into were removed. This created space for a double flight of stairs.

Overall, the simple facade design that emerged from the Baroque period was retained until the end of the 19th century, when the Chamber of Commerce, as the successor to the merchants' guild, wanted more splendor again. The entrance to a pompous neo-baroque portal was planned by Max Salzmann and executed by Ernst Ehrhardt . The platform in front of it was widened from the width of a window axis to three and the two wings of the open staircase were moved accordingly. Much of the sandstone cladding was renewed. The cornices that divided the window cavities until 1756 were restored. As an innovation, chiseled cartouches were installed over the windows on the ground floor, and decorative gables over those on the first floor.

The main portal received the Low German inscription above the round arch in 1899 :

Schütting around 1900

Partial view of the market front (2011): ship gable with flag decoration (Bremen flag with the Bremen merchant coat of arms ), underneath the decorative gable of the entrance portal (with merchant coat of arms emblem)

In the Hanseatic city of Bremen and far beyond, the merchants should dare and win. This motto ("outside and inside - dare and win") of the Bremen merchants comes from the mayor Otto Gildemeister (1823-1902).

The building with its splendid interiors and precious furnishings burned down to the surrounding walls on October 6, 1944. When the reconstruction was completed in 1956, the exterior front was restored in its old form, dispensing with the dormer windows on the market side, while the interior was redesigned. As early as 1951, the Chamber of Commerce was able to resume operations on the ground floor of the Schütting. Over the next five years, the rooms on the first floor were rebuilt in a second construction phase. In 2009 the facade and copper roof were restored and the dormers restored. The company Johann Osmers was recognized for this in the context of the Bremen Monument Preservation Prize 2010.

use

Since 1451, the ordinance of January 10, 1451 regulates how Bremen merchants deal with each other. This is considered to be the birth of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce, which until 1849 was known as the "Collegium Seniorum". Since then the Chamber of Commerce has taken over the representation of the merchants.

The first coffee shop in the German-speaking area was built in Bremen in 1673, where exactly is not documented. It could have been in the Schütting or one of the surrounding houses on the market. From 1679 there was verifiably a coffee shop on the market side of the Schütting.

The Schütting is still the house of the Bremen merchants and the seat of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce. The traditional club in Bremen has its rooms in the basement ; it emerged from the Museum Society .

See also

• List of presidents of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce
• January society
• Complimentarius , a saluting machine that stood in the Schütting from the 17th to the 19th century and was a sight.
• Brandy bowl , from which the Bremen merchants fortified themselves in 1689.

literature

Portal from 1896

• Chamber of Commerce (Ed.): 475 years of Haus Schütting , Carl Schünemann Verlag 2012, ISBN 978-3-7961-1004-7
• Thomas Hill: The city and its market - Bremen's surrounding and external relations in the Middle Ages (12th – 15th centuries) , 1st edition 2004., ISBN 978-3-515-08068-2
• Konrad Elmshäuser, Adolf E. Hofmeister (ed.): 700 years of Bremen law 1303–2003 , State Archive Bremen 2003, ISBN 978-3-925729-34-8 → p. 16 ff., Dieter Hägemann: Law and Constitution in medieval Bremen 800-1300
• Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
• Konrad Elmshäuser, Hans-Christoph Hoffmann, Hans-Joachim Manske: The town hall and the Roland statue on the market square in Bremen (print of the UNESCO World Heritage application); Edition Temmen, Bremen, 2002, ISBN 3-86108-682-4 .
• Rudolf Stein, Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance architecture in Bremen , Bremen 1962 (in the reading room of the Bremen State Archives)
• Lydia Niehoff : 550 years - tradition of independence, chronicle of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce. Schünemann Verlag : Bremen 2001, ISBN 3-7961-1827-5 .
• Peter Hahn: 450 years of Haus Schütting, seat of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce. The building history . Ed .: Bremen Chamber of Commerce. Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 1988, ISBN 3-7961-1797-X .
• Bremen Engineers and Architects Association: Bremen and its buildings , 1900, chap. Old Bremen (in the reading room of the Bremen State Archives)
• HA Schumacher: On the history of the Schütting . In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . Volume 5, Bremen 1870, pp. 192-214.

Web links

Commons : Schütting  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Das Haus Schütting - The Market Front , leaflet of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce (PDF; 349 kB)
• The Schütting House - Historical Objects Inside , Leaflet of the Bremen Chamber of Commerce (PDF; 242 kB)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Monument database of the LfD
2. ↑ Bremen Chamber of Commerce Merchant's motto and Schütting coat of arms  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. loaded on June 18, 2013  
3. ^ Werner Kloos: Bremer Lexikon. Hauschild, Bremen 1980, Lemma Buten un Binnen, Wagen un Winnen.
4. ↑ Lydia Niehoff: 550 years of tradition of independence, Schünemann Verlag, Bremen 2001, p. 200.
5. ↑ Bremen Monument Preservation Prize 2010 . Special publication of the Weser-Kurier. Bremer Tageszeitungen AG, Bremen November 21, 2010, p. 8 ( bremen.de [PDF; 3.2 MB ; accessed on November 25, 2016]).
6. ^ Lydia Niehoff: 550 years of tradition of independence, Schünemann Verlag Bremen 2001, p. 92.

Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 32 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 24 ″  E