Schablasee
| Schablasee | ||
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| the northern Schablasee - also called Eserezsee | ||
| Geographical location | Dobrich Oblast , Bulgaria | |
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| Coordinates | 43 ° 34 '23 " N , 28 ° 33' 56" E | |
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| surface | 80 ha | |
| Maximum depth | 4 m | |
Lake Schablasee ( Bulgarian Шабленско езеро / Schablensko esero) is located in northeastern Bulgaria , 4 km northeast of the small Bulgarian town of Schabla . It is a coastal lake, a lagoon ( Liman ), which is separated from the Black Sea by a strip of sand on the north beach of Shabla . The coastal lake Schablasee, which is located directly behind the beach, has an area of 0.8 km². It is 0.4 to 4 m deep.
The Schablasee and the Durankulaksee ( 43 ° 40 ′ 11 ″ N , 28 ° 33 ′ 15 ″ E ) (near Durankulak ), located 10 km further north, are a very important biotope with their large adjacent wetlands , including the main wintering area for the red-necked goose .
The Schablasee is very rich in fish, including catfish , carp , bream , Carassius , rudd , perch , pike , pikeperch and goby . Because of the very clear water in the Schablasee there are also pike there, in contrast to the Durankulaksee, where the water is very cloudy.
Eserezsee
The Schablasee consists of two lakes, a northern and a southern, which were connected by a 200 m long artificial canal. The northern See also is Eserezsee ( 43 ° 35 '16 " N , 28 ° 33' 46" O ) or Eserezkosee (bulg. Езерецко езеро designates / Eserezko esero), (bulg. After the village Eserez Езерец ) which immediately east of the Eserezsee. It is separated from the sea by a 30 to 50 m wide strip of sand. While the southern lake, the actual Schablasee, is separated from the sea by a 200 m wide strip of sand and swamp. The Eserezsee covers an area of 0.7 km² and is up to 9 m deep, it contains about 2.5 million m² of water. Its water is used for irrigation. The Eserezsee is filled with fresh water in its western half and with salty sea water in its eastern half.
Schablenska-Tusla Lake
During the Schabla- and Eserezkosee lie directly in the rear of the north beach, there are at the south end of the north beach another smaller lake, Schablenska-Tuslasee ( 43 ° 33 '32 " N , 28 ° 35' 25" O ) (bulg. Шабленска тузла ) - from Turkish Tuzlar (tuzu) for salt ; for example Shabla Salt Lake. The approximately 400 x 400 m large Schablenska Tusla Lake is separated from the sea by a 100 m wide strip of sand. The Schablenska-Tusla Lake is also a lagoon separated from the sea. It is fed by seawater that seeps through the sand dunes. Its mean depth is 0.6 m and it is slightly salty. Its mean sals content is 0.004%. For comparison: the salt content of the Black Sea is 1.7% and in the Atlantic Ocean 3.5% (see also brackish water ). The Schablenska-Tusla lake is overgrown with reeds on its banks, and salt-loving algae live in the lake. 41 species of breeding birds and 13 species of rare plants were counted at the lake.
Importance and protected area
All three lakes (Schablasee, Eserezsee and Schablenska-Tuslasee) are fed by smaller freshwater inflows as well as by seeping salt water from the Black Sea. The water in the lakes is therefore a bit salty. According to other information, the inflow of fresh water also comes exclusively from groundwater.
The lakes and their surroundings are among the most important wetlands in Bulgaria. There are many endangered bird species here, of which 70 species are listed in the Bulgarian Red Book of Threatened Species. The wetland is also of great importance for the conservation of otters. The lakes are an important resting place on the north-south migration route for migratory birds, the Via Pontica .
The Schablasee has been a nature reserve since 1979. According to the Ramsar Convention for the Protection of Wetlands, the lake and the surroundings of the lake were declared a protected area. The protected area ( protected area; bulg. Защитена местност ; kuz: ЗМ) covers 530 hectares on Lake Schabla (including Lake Eserez) and 350 hectares on Lake Durankulak.
The Schablasee is a breeding area for over 100,000 wild geese. The red-necked geese make up around 60% of the geese in these lakes. Rare specimens of the worldwide ornito fauna such as the red-necked goose or the whooper swan can be found there. The great white pelican also occurs here.
The area is included in the list of European ornithological protected areas. The ecological importance of the area consists mainly in the fact that the most important wintering quarters for the globally threatened red-necked goose are located here .
The text of the order for the protected area reads:
- “Protected area Schablasee. 531.2 ha, With the order No. 31 of January 24, 1995 of the Ministry of Environment and Water, the area was declared a protected area: The protected area includes Lake Schablasee and Lake Eserez, which are connected by a canal, as well as the adjacent sand dunes, grass areas, forest areas and planted shrub areas. It is one of the best preserved coastal wetlands in Bulgaria for the protection of more than 230 endemic rare or endangered plants and animals. The wetland is:
- Part of the world's largest wintering area for the red-necked goose (Branta ruficollis) and one of the most important places in Europe for the wintering of the white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons)
- Habitat following for key populations species for conservation of importance: Syrian shovel toad (Pelobates syriacus), marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus), Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) field warbler (Acrocephalus agricola), lesser gray shrike (Lanius minor) and otter (Lutra lutra )
- the only place on the northern Bulgarian Black Sea coast where the following types of plants are found: white water lily (Nymphaea alba) and yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea)
- “Protected area Schablasee. 531.2 ha, With the order No. 31 of January 24, 1995 of the Ministry of Environment and Water, the area was declared a protected area: The protected area includes Lake Schablasee and Lake Eserez, which are connected by a canal, as well as the adjacent sand dunes, grass areas, forest areas and planted shrub areas. It is one of the best preserved coastal wetlands in Bulgaria for the protection of more than 230 endemic rare or endangered plants and animals. The wetland is:
- Object of the Ramsar Convention: In the protected area it is forbidden:
- to disturb, pursue, kill, capture or destroy any type of animal
- To pump water directly from the lake for irrigation purposes
- to pollute the water and its surroundings with pollutants and waste
- Construction, mining and similar activities that disturb the natural appearance of the area and the water cycle
- operating sailing boats, motor boats and rowing boats
- the hunt
- industrial fishing and underwater fishing
- fishing outside of the marked spots
- the planting of trees that are not typical for the area
- grazing of domestic animals outside the marked areas
- fertilizing with artificial fertilizers and the use of chemical preparations
- the burning of stubble fields
- Guarding is carried out by the Regional Directorate for Environment and Water - Varna "
- Object of the Ramsar Convention: In the protected area it is forbidden:
The banks of the lakes are almost completely overgrown with reeds (Phragmites australis), narrow-leaved cattails (Typha angustifolia) and broad-leaved cattails (Typha latifolia). These plants form the habitat for the waterfowl on the lake. From time to time the reeds in the lakes are mowed to prevent them from silting up . Medicinal mud is also extracted from these three lakes. The mud is black with an unpleasant odor of hydrogen sulfide .
Birds
260 bird species were counted at the two template lakes, of which 70 bird species were listed in the 1985 Bulgarian Red Book. According to BirdLife International (2004), 111 of the species found are of importance for European nature conservation. 13 species fall into the SPEC1 category (affected by global extinction). 26 species fall into SPEC2 (affected by extinction in Europe). 72 species fall into the SPEC3 category.
The area is of strategic importance for the conservation of the globally threatened red-necked goose (Branta ruficollis), especially as winter quarters, as the lake, together with Lake Durankulak, houses almost the entire global population of the red-necked goose in winter. A large population of the white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) and individual specimens of the globally threatened dwarf goose (Anser erythropus) overwinter there. In winter there are also many whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) at the lake .
The lakes are important migration stages for walking birds (Ciconiiformes), goose birds (Anseriformes) and plover species (Charadriiformes). In autumn and winter you can see some of the world's endangered bird species, such as Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus), pygmy shag (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus), pygmy goose (Anser erythropus), bog duck (Aythya nyroca), white-headed pelican (Oxyura leucocephala), pochard (Aythya ferina) and pochard Greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga).
The dwarf shark is found in significant numbers, both during bird migration and in winter. Two important species breed on the lakes, the bog duck (Aythya nyroca) and the corncrake (Crex crex). A number of rare and endangered bird species breed there in large numbers: the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) and the black- fronted shrike (Lanius minor). The lakes are one of the main places of Bulgaria, where the nesting plovers place (Charadrius alexandrinus) refuge, as well as the Collared Pratincole (Glareola pratincola), the stilt (Himantopus himantopus), the little tern (Sterna albifrons) and the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus ).
poaching
Poaching on the lakes poses a problem. In Bulgaria, for example , fish is traditionally consumed on Nikulden , the holiday of St. Nicholas of Myra on December 6th, as it is also the patron saint of fishermen. At this time, organized gangs fish particularly intensively with nets in the lakes.
Although hunting is prohibited within a 100 m protection zone around Lake Schablasee, Eserezsee and Durankulaksee, the birds are often shot at, especially in December. Bird conservationists of the Bulgarian Bird Protection Association (Българско дружество за защита на птиците, БДЗП, Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds, BSPB) recorded up to 276 shots a day in the protection zone and counted the presence of 25 hunters.
The municipality of Schabla tries to promote ecotourism on the lakes, since this type of tourist has been identified as particularly financially strong.
