Sham butt

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Sham butt
California flounder (Paralichthys californicus)

California flounder ( Paralichthys californicus )

Systematics
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Carangaria
Order : Carangiformes
Partial order : Flatfish (Pleuronectoideo)
Family : Sham butt
Scientific name
Paralichthyidae
Regan , 1910

The pseudobutte or large toothed flounder (Paralichthyidae) live in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific , a few species also in brackish and fresh water. As with the butterflies (Bothidae), dog tongues (Cynoglossidae) and turbot (Scophthalmidae), the left side of the body, to which the eye moves from the later blind side, becomes the "top" of the flatfish.

features

Shamrocks are rather small flatfish, most of the more than 65 species are only around 30 centimeters long. The smallest species, Tarphops oligolepis , reaches just 6.5 centimeters, while the largest species, the California flounder ( Paralichthys californicus ), is 1.5 meters long. The pelvic fins are approximately symmetrical, their base is narrow, the exact position varies from species to species. The rays of the pectoral fins are branched.

Genera and species

There are about 65 species in 10 genera:

Ancylopsetta dilecta
Hippoglossina oblonga
Paralichthys albigutta
Paralichthys lethostigma
Paralichthys orbignyanus
Paralichthys squamilentus
Pseudorhombus oculocirris
Pseudorhombus spinosus

Systematics

The Paralichthyidae were described in 1910 by the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan as a subfamily (Paralichthinae) of the plaice (Pleuronectidae) and later raised to the family rank. Until the beginning of September 2019, 45 other species with the genera Citharichthys , Cyclopsetta , Etropus and Syacium belonged to the pseudo-butts . In this composition, however, the sham butts were a polyphyletic group. While one genus group around the type genus Paralichthys is the sister group of the plaice (Pleuronectidae), another, consisting of the genera Citharichthys , Cyclopsetta , Etropus and Syacium , is the sister group of the Butte (Bothidae). In order to get back to monophyletic families, as required in a modern system, the family Cyclopsettidae was introduced for the genera Citharichthys , Cyclopsetta , Etropus and Syacium at the beginning of September 2019 .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter B. Berendzen & Walter W. Dimmicck: Phylogenetic Relationships of Pleuronectiformes Based on Molecular Evidence. Copeia , 2002 (3), pp. 642-652
  2. ↑ Matthew A. Campbell, Bruno Chanet, Jhen ‐ Nien Chen, Mao ‐ Ying Lee, Wei ‐ Jen Chen (2019): Origins and relationships of the Pleuronectoidei: Molecular and morphological analysis of living and fossil taxa. Zoologica Scripta, 48: 640-656. doi: 10.1111 / zsc.12372 . Page 652.

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