Shensi fir
| Shensi fir | ||||||||||||
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Schensi fir in the Freiburg Botanical Garden |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Abies chensiensis | ||||||||||||
| Van Tieghem |
The Schensi fir ( Abies chensiensis ) is a species of the pine family (Pinaceae). Their distribution area includes China, Tibet and India.
description
The Schensi fir grows as an evergreen, straight-stemmed tree that can reach heights of up to 50 meters and diameters of up to 250 centimeters at chest height . The short main branches are strong. Young trees have a smooth, dark gray bark that tears open lengthways in older trees. Twigs have a glossy yellow-gray to yellow-brown bark , which can have round scars after the needles are shed. The bark is roughened between the scars.
The egg to cone-shaped buds are resinous and are around 10 millimeters long and 6 millimeters thick. The bud scales are colored red-brown. The needles are more or less comb-like arranged in two rows on the branches. The flat needles are between 1.5 and 4.8 inches long and 2.5 to 3.0 millimeters wide. They are colored dark green on the top of the needle and twisted at the base. On the underside of the needle there are two wide stomatal bands .
Male cones are around 10 millimeters in size. The cones standing upright on short stems are oval-cylindrical to cylindrical in shape, reach a length of 7 to 10 centimeters and a diameter of 3 to 4 centimeters. They are colored green at the beginning of flowering and turn brown towards maturity. The seed scales are 1.5 to 3 inches long and 2.5 to 3.5 inches wide. The cover scales are around three quarters times as long as the seed scales. The brown, egg-shaped seeds are 8 to 10 millimeters long and about 5 millimeters thick. They have about 20 millimeters long, pale brown colored wing.
Distribution and location
The distribution area of the Schensi fir extends north to south Shaanxi and south Gansu . To the east, the distribution limit runs through west Hubei , southwest Henan and the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region . The western border runs through western Sichuan . To the south it extends to northwest Yunnan and northeast Arunachal Pradesh .
The Shensi fir is a type of tree with a cold, humid climate. They can be found at altitudes of 2100 and 3500 meters. The annual rainfall is between 1000 and 2000 millimeters.
Both pure and mixed stocks are created. Pure stocks occur mainly in the Tsin-ling Shan . At higher altitudes, mixed stands are formed primarily with Farges fir ( Abies fargesii ), Larix potaninii , various spruces ( Picea ) and the Taiwan hemlock ( Tsuga chinensis ). In lower altitudes, birch trees ( Betula ) in particular are found in mixed stands.
use
The soft and light wood of Abies chensiensis subsp. chinensis is finely grained. It is mainly used as construction wood.
Systematics
The Schensi fir is assigned to the Momi section and the Holophyllae subsection within the genus of firs ( Abies ) . Synonyms for Abies chensiensis Tieghem are Abies firma Masters and Abies shensiensis Pritzel .
Subspecies
The kind Abies chensiensis is of Farjon divided into three subspecies. However, this division is controversial and is not shared by all authors.
- Abies chensiensis Van Tieghem subsp. chensiensis is the type subspecies. It occurs in China in Henan , Gansu , Shaanxi and Hubei .
- Abies chensiensis subsp. salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Rushforth occurs in north-west Yunnan, the south-east of the Tibet Autonomous Region and in the north-east of Arunachal Pradesh . It thrives in the mountains at altitudes between 2600 and 3200 meters in mixed forests together with Quercus and Pinus . The needles of this subspecies are up to three inches long. The ripe cones are brown-yellow or brown-brown-yellow and 10 to 14 × about 5 cm in size. Synonyms are Abies salouenensis Bordères & Gaussen , Abies ernestii var. Salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) WCCheng & LKFu and Abies recurvata var. Salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) CT Kuan . In the Flora of China it is described as Abies ernestii var. Salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) WCCheng & LKFu .
- Abies chensiensis subsp. yulongxueshanensis Rushforth (Syn .: Abies chensiensis var. yulongxueshanensis (Rushforth) Silba ) occurs in Lijiang Shan and in Yulong Xueshan in northern Yunnan. The cones of this subspecies are 10 to 14 centimeters long.
According to WCSP, the following variety is added under this species:
- Abies chensiensis var. Ernestii (Rehder) Tang S.Liu (Syn .: Abies beissneriana Rehder & EHWilson , Abies ernestii Rehder ): It occurs from southeastern Tibet to central China.
Hazard and protection
In the Red List of IUCN , both the Abies chensiensis subsp. chensiensis and the Abies chensiensis subsp. yulongxueshanensis . Both subspecies are classified as "endangered". In the Abies chensiensis subsp. yulongxueshanensis it is indicated that an update of the endangerment status is necessary. The main reason given is the exploitation of the forests in the natural range, which cannot be compensated for by the natural offspring.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Christopher J. Earle: Abies chensiensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. May 27, 2011, accessed October 31, 2011 .
- ^ Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Abies chensiensis . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 46 (English).
- ↑ a b Abies chensiensis subsp. chensiensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 2000. Accessed July 28, 2011th
- ^ Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Abies ernestii var. Salouenensis . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 52 (English).
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Abies. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- ↑ Abies chensiensis subsp. yulongxueshanensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed July 28, 2011th