Umbrella magnolia
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Umbrella magnolia ( Magnolia tripetala ), illustration |
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The umbrella magnolia ( Magnolia tripetala ) is a species of the magnolia genus . It comes from southeastern North America.
description
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Appearance and leaf
The umbrella magnolia grows as a small to medium-sized tree , often with multiple stems, and reaches heights of 9 to 15 meters. The trunks have a smooth, gray bark and on young twigs it is bare and purple-brown, often coated like waxy. The leaf buds are bare.
The alternate quirlartig gehäuftstehenden at the ends of the branches true leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 4 inches long. The relatively thin, simple, relatively large leaf blade is usually 26 to 57 (10 to 70) centimeters long and (7.2 to) 10 to 30 centimeters wide, elliptical-oblong to narrowly obovate with a short, stepped tip. The underside of the leaf is hairy when it shoots, especially the midrib. The stipules, which fall off early, are usually 6.6 to 9.4 (4 to 10) centimeters long and 2.6 to 3.7 centimeters wide, and are red-glandular on the underside, with sparsely soft hairs.
blossom
The flower buds are encompassed by two bracts resembling buds. The flowers are at the end of the branches on 5 to 7 centimeters long peduncles.
The 15 to 25 centimeters large flowers open in spring (April to May) around the time the leaves are sprouting and give off an unpleasant odor. The outer circle of three bracts is greenish, these are bent back. Another six (sometimes just three or up to nine) bracts are white and upright. The 80 to 100 stamens are one to 2.5 inches long with purple stamens. There are 50 to 70 stamps available.
Infructescence, fruit and seeds
The cone-like fruit cluster (follicetum) is 5 to 10 centimeters long and cylindrical to ovoid and bright red in color. The follicles have a length of 6 to 10 centimeters and a width of 2 to 3.5 centimeters and are long-beaked and bald. The seeds are lenticular to rounded. The seed coat ( arillus ) is pink to red. The fruits ripen from July to October.
distribution
The umbrella magnolia comes from southeastern North America, especially the Appalachian mountains are populated up to altitudes of 1000 meters. Occasionally they can also be found in the plains up to the Atlantic coast. The umbrella magnolia is nowhere particularly common within its large distribution area. The range extends from Oklahoma to the eastern United States.
The locations are forests and ravine forests that are well supplied with water and nutrients.
use
The umbrella magnolia is rarely used as an ornamental wood. The flowers are not very noticeable and have an unpleasant smell, but the red fruits are an interesting sight.
The umbrella magnolia is also available in tree nurseries in Europe, and some varieties are occasionally seen in the USA:
- 'Bloomfield' - Large leaves and flowers, fruits light pink to almost white
- 'Koeler' - narrow pyramidal crown
- 'Woodlawn' - flowers slightly larger, fruits very large
There are also some named crossings:
- 'Silver Parasol' - Magnolia hypoleuca × Magnolia tripetala
- 'Charles Coates' - Magnolia Sieboldii × Magnolia tripetala
- Magnolia × thompsoniana 'Urbana' - Magnolia tripetala × Magnolia virginiana
Systematics
The specific epithet tripetala was assigned by Carl von Linné , who classified it as a variety of Magnolia virginiana in 1753 , but then recognized it as a separate species in 1759. The name tripetale is misleading because the umbrella magnolia does not have three petals , but usually six; but three sepals or outer tepals . Desrousseaux tried to replace this technically incorrect name in 1791 with Magnolia umbrella , but the nomenclature rules force Linnaeus to use the first published name.
Magnolia tripetala belongs to the subsection Rhytidospermum from the section Rhytidospermum in the subgenus Magnolia within the genus Magnolia . Closest relatives are the Magnolia obovata , Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia rostrata , which are native to East Asia . Other magnolias that grow in southeastern North America and are close to the umbrella magnolia are Magnolia fraseri and the large-leaved magnolia ( Magnolia macrophylla ).
literature
- DJ Callaway: The World of Magnolias . Timber Press, Portland Or 1994, pp. 80f. ISBN 0-88192-236-6
- Frederick Gustav Meyer : Magnoliaceae : Magnolia tripetala - Online in the Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3, New York / Oxford 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6
Individual evidence
- ^ EL Little: Atlas of United States Trees. (PDF; 705 kB) US Department of Agriculture, 1977, accessed August 10, 2009 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Magnolia tripetala. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 , 1753, pp. 536 ( botanicus.org - scanned).
- ^ Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae . Editio Decima edition. tape 2 , 1759, pp. 1082 ( botanicus.org - scanned).
- ^ Classification of Magnoliaceae. Magnolia Society International, 2004, accessed December 22, 2015 . according to: RB Figlar, HP Nooteboom: Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. in: Blumea. , Vol. 49, No. 1, Leiden 2004, p. 87. ISSN 0006-5196
