Albizia
Albizia | ||||||||||||
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Silk tree ( Albizia julibrissin ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Albizia | ||||||||||||
Durazz. |
The Albizia is a plant genus in the subfamily of Mimosa Family (Mimosoideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). For some species one uses the German common names umbrella acacia (due to the growth form), silk acacia , albizia (Germanized) or sleeping tree (due to the collapsing leaves, see below). The 100 to 150 species are distributed worldwide in the tropics and subtropics .
description
Albizia species are deciduous trees and shrubs that usually grow quickly. Some species grow in the form of an umbrella acacia . They have thorny branches. The leaves are double pinnate. There are stipules present.
Albizia species have autonomous leaf movements due to turgor movements . These are circadian movements of the leaflets, also known as sleep movements. These fold the individual feathers together in the evening at intervals of about 12 hours, according to the day and night rhythm, and open them again in the morning.
The flowers stand together in stalked head- or brush-shaped inflorescences . There are flower stalks or they are absent. The flowers are hermaphroditic. The sepals are fused with at most short calyx lobes, which are usually only recognizable as calyx teeth. The petals are fused in a funnel shape beyond their center. The white, pink to rarely purple stamens are fused at least at their base; they often form a staminal tube. The anthers are small. The thin style ends in a capricious to tiny scar.
The legumes are thin, belt-shaped. The egg to circular seeds are compressed.
use
They are used as ornamental and shady trees, increasingly also in the mild winter regions of Germany. Their frost tolerance is usually given as around −20 ° C.
distribution
The genus Albizia comprises 100 to 150 species in the tropics and subtropics . The pantropical genus occurs in Asia , Africa , Madagascar , Central America , South America and southern North America as well as in Australia . Most of the species are native to the tropics of the Old World .
Systematics
The genus Albizia was established by Antonio Durazzini . Type species is Albizia julibrissin Durazz. The botanical genus name Albizia honors the Italian naturalist Filippo degli Albizzi , a nobleman from Florence who was the first to bring Albizia julibrissin to Europe via Constantinople in 1749 . Synonyms for Albizia Durazz. are: Arthrosamanea Britton & Rose , Besenna A.Rich. , Parasamanea Kosterm. , Parenterolobium Kosterm. , Pseudalbizzia Britton & Rose , Sassa Bruce ex JFGmel. , Serialbizzia Kosterm.
Types (selection)
The genus Albizia includes 100 to 150 species:
- Albizia acle (Blanco) Merr.
- Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight
- Albizia adinocephala (Donn.Sm.) Britton & Rose ex Record
- Albizia altissima Hook. f.
- Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin
- Albizia anthelmintica (A.Rich.) Brongn.
- Albizia antunesiana Harms
- Albizia attopeuensis (Pierre) Nielsen
- Albizia bracteata Dunn
- Albizia berteroana (Balb. Ex DC.) M.Gómez
- Albizia brevifolia Schinz
- Albizia calcarea Y.H. Huang
- Albizia carbonaria Britton
- Albizia chevalieri Harms
- Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.
- Albizia coreana Nakai
- Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv.
- Albizia corniculata (Lour.) Druce
- Albizia crassiramea Lace
- Albizia decandra (Ducke) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia dinklagei (Harms) Harms
- Albizia duclouxii Gagnep.
- Albizia edwallii (Hoehne) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth.
- Albizia forbesii Benth.
- Albizia glaberrima (Schumach.) Benth.
- Albizia gummifera (JFGmel.) CASm.
- Albizia harveyi E. Fourn.
- Albizia inundata (Mart.) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Silk acacia or silk tree ( Albizia julibrissin Durazz. )
- Albizia kalkora (Roxb.) Prain
- Lebbek tree ( Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. )
- Albizia lebbekoides (DC.) Benth .
- Albizia leptophylla Harms
- Albizia lucidior (Steud.) ICNielsen ex H.Hara (Syn .: Albizia lucida Benth. )
- Albizia mollis (Wall.) Boiv.
- Albizia multiflora (Kunth) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia myriophylla Benth.
- Albizia niopoides (Spruce ex Benth.) Burkart
- Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth.
- Albizia pedicellata Baker ex Benth.
- Albizia petersiana (Bolle) Oliv.
- Albizia polycephala (Benth.) Killip ex Record
- Albizia polyphylla E. Fourn.
- Slender Albizia ( Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. )
- Albizia retusa Benth.
- Rain tree ( Albizia saman (Jacq.) F.Muell. )
- Albizia saponaria (Lour.) Flower ex Miq.
- Albizia sherriffii Baker
- Albizia schimperiana Oliv.
- Albizia simeonis Harms
- Albizia sinaloensis Britton & Rose
- Albizia suluensis Gerstner
- Albizia tanganyicensis Baker f.
- Albizia tomentella Miq.
- Albizia versicolor Welw. ex Oliv.
- Albizia welwitschii Olive.
- Albizia zimmermannii Harms
- Albizia zygia (DC.) JFMacbr.
No longer belong to this genus (selection):
- Albizia basaltica (F.Muell.) Benth. ⇒ Archidendropsis basaltica (F. Muell.) ICNielsen
- Albizia corymbosa (Rich.) GPLewis & PEOwen ⇒ Hydrochorea corymbosa (Rich.) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia distachya J.F. Macbr. ⇒ Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) ICNielsen
- Albizia falcata auct. ⇒ Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg ⇒ Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia guachapele (Kunth) Dugand ⇒ Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms
- Albizia inopinata (Harms) GPLewis ⇒ Samanea inopinata (Harms) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia longipedata (Pittier) Britton & Rose ex Record ⇒ Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms
- Albizia lophantha (Willd.) Benth. ⇒ Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha
- Albizia moluccana Miq. ⇒ Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia montana (Jungh.) Benth . ⇒ Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. montana (young) ICNielsen
- Albizia occidentalis Brandegee ⇒ Hesperalbizia occidentalis (Brandegee) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia pedicellaris (DC.) L.Rico ⇒ Balizia pedicellaris (DC.) Barneby & JWGrimes
- Albizia toona F.M.Bailey ⇒ Paraserianthes toona (FMBailey) ICNielsen
swell
- SI Ali: Mimosaceae : Albizia -in the Flora of Pakistan .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Antonio Durazzini: Memoria sull'albero detto volgarmente Julibrissin letta in di 5 agosto 1772 nella Societa dei Georgofili . In: Magazzino toscano , 1772, vol. 1, pp. 1-14.
- ^ A b c Albizia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Web links
- Albizia . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.