Arnhausen Castle
| Arnhausen Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Data | ||
| place | Lipie | |
| Construction year | 1280 | |
| height | 110 m | |
| Floor space | 430 m² | |
| Coordinates | 53 ° 50 ′ 4 " N , 15 ° 56 ′ 11" E | |
|
||
| particularities | ||
| Construction on the historical site of a castle rampart from the 9th - 12th centuries, expansion in the 14th - 16th centuries, deterioration from 1733. | ||
Castle Arnhausen , according to other sources Castle Tarnhus or Tarnhusburg , today also Bishop Castle (Pol. Zamek biskupi ), was a medieval castle of the bishops of Pomerania , which was later expanded to the castle.
location
The castle was built in Arnhausen , northwest of the former town center, on the eastern bank of the Müglitz on a hill about 25 m above the river at the end of a steep plateau .
description
Already in the early Middle Ages there was probably a Slavic castle complex , surrounded by a 2.50 m high stone or earth wall. The plateau offered the facility natural protection from enemy attacks. The later of natural stone and brick built medieval plant, consisting of a m to about 9,30 x 17,50 large rectangular plan built building (or defense tower ) was in the years 1276-1280 in the Tarnhusberg also Castle Hill called built . Between the 14th and 16th centuries, what was originally a castle was converted into a palace. The medieval complex was supplemented in the east by an approximately 13.80 × 19.50 m upstream extension or castle courtyard, in whose southern wall the entrance was located.
The last expansion was to take place from 1733, but from this point onwards the facility gradually fell into disrepair due to multiple changes of ownership in connection with bankruptcies of the respective owners. In the course of the planned expansion, parts of the facility were initially dismantled. The roof tiles were reused for the roofing of the evangelical St. Gertrud Church in Arnhausen from the 15th century.
At the beginning of the 20th century, when the 3.00 m high rubble was removed, remnants of the once mighty structure were visible, including 1.00 to 2.00 m high walls and two basement pillars . The masonry was removed in 1910 as foundations for the construction of buildings belonging to the former manor .
history
The landscape around Arnhausen, historically terra Tarnhusen , originally consisted of castrum et terra Tarnhusz and was mentioned in a document in 1280 as a neighboring landscape to the Schivelbein region . The name Tarnhus is derived from the term solid castle . From 1276, Bishop Hermann von Gleichen began building the complex as a border fortress. The complex was supposed to protect the bishops from the invasion of marauding Brandenburgers, as the Müglitz formed the border between the diocese and the Neumark . In 1277, Hermann reached an agreement with Duke Barnim I of Pomerania to keep the Arnhausen lands. In return, the duke received shares in the Kolberger Land and in Lipno . In 1287, the town of Arnhausen near the castle was given city rights .
In 1387, Bishop Johannes Brunonis handed over the castle with the land in Arnhausen as a pledge to the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw VIII. The Pomeranian dukes were to remain in pledge ownership of the castle and city of Arnhausen until 1436. In the same year, Bishop Siegfried Bock ceded the castle and the city of Arnhausen to the Pomeranian Duke and King of Denmark, Erich , again as security for a settlement. In the first half of the 15th century, the Lekow family appeared as owners, presumably they received the castle and town as a fief. At this time the city was expanded and there were three churches and the castle with a residential tower in Arnhausen . In 1444 the castle was robbed and damaged by crusaders from Schivelbein. From the second half of the 15th century, the Manteuffel family was the owner of the castle and town of Arnhausen. Antonius von Manteuffel, son of Gerhard - feudal lord of Belgard Castle - is mentioned in 1456 as a knight at Arnhausen. His brother Eggert auf Polzin is also listed as Lord von Arnhausen in 1461; In 1479 he was enfeoffed by Bogislaw X. At the same time he received jurisdiction over the city . During this time, the castle was probably rebuilt and, in addition to the fortified tower, a residential residence was added.
From 1521 to 1544, the bishop Erasmus von Manteuffel resided in the castle, which can also be assumed to be his birthplace. In 1572 Arnhausen lost its town charter and the lordship increasingly made Polzin, about 17 km away, their headquarters. In the 16th century the castle in Arnhausen was damaged again in the course of an attack on Birkenfelde . Conflicts between Karsten von Manteuffel on Polzin and Arnhausen, colonel of war, governor of Greifenberg and district administrator, with the residents of Arnhausen and the Thirty Years' War continued to affect the castle and town, which were completely destroyed. In 1627 the last representative of the Manteuffel family on Arnhausen (Georg the Elder) died, who in addition to the water mill and the stables also owned shares in Jagertow . In 1643 Arnhausen was besieged by the Polish General von Krockow , who was driven out by the Swedes, but the western part of the former town (the lower town , beyond the western bank of the Müglitz) burned down completely and the residents continued to emigrate to the then village of Polzin .
During the second half of the 17th century, the castle and estate came to the Zastrow family after the Manteuffel family had resided here for almost two centuries. At that time, Arnhausen consisted of three parts: the castle estate with a small estate (Vorwerk), a part built with residential houses, which the Glasenapp family and then the von Klitzing family married through , and the third part of the estate, which again, this time by marriage into the Glasenapp family, which belonged to the Manteuffel family until 1768. The Zastrow family acquired all of the shares in 1775 at the latest. At the beginning of the 19th century, the castle complex was likely to have disappeared completely when the Kleist family acquired Arnhausen along with the family estate. After several changes of ownership, the estate was acquired by Adolf von Wulffcroner in 1895, under whom it again generated income. Of the former small estate, which consisted of farm buildings, a manor house and the manor park, only the former manor house, which is used as a rectory, has been preserved to this day.
archeology
Recent archaeological research has unearthed a stone foundation for the original tower. The few structural relics found, however, do not allow a clear reconstruction of the complex. Today, at the site of the former palace complex, there is a heap of rubble with boulders and remnants of bricks. Remains of the former castle wall and remains of masonry can also be seen.
Remnants of masonry or ring-shaped foundation (> 1.00 m wide) on the plateau.
Former castle wall (east view).
Detail: remains of the foundations of the former castle wall.
Detail IIː rudiment of the rectangular basement pillar.
Remnants of masonry (former rubble mound).
Boulders of the former palace complex.
Remnants of masonry in the southern part of the complex.
literature
- Georg Schmidt : The von Manteuffel family. Polzin and Arnhausen tribe of the Pomeranian family . Berlin 1915.
- Axel Trapp: Arnhausen , in our home, supplement to the Kösliner Zeitung . No. 18, 1929.
Web links
- Gmina Rabino (Polish)
- Belgard-Schivelbein home district (German)
- Parsęta community association (Polish, German)
- ruegenwalde.com (German)
- Polski zamki, recordings and reconstruction of the facility (Polish)
- zamkiobronne.pl, recordings and history of the facility (Polish)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c Andrzej Świrko, Marta Świrko: palaces, farms and forts the flow area of Parsęta . Tourist guide, Związek Miast i Gmin Dorzecza Parsęty (ed.) ( Online ).
- ↑ a b c d Związek Miast i Gmin Dorzecza Parsęty (Ed.): Route of the Pomeranian Family Corsican . Travel Guide, p. 46 ( online ).
- ↑ Georg Wilhelm von Raumer : The Neumark Brandenburg in 1337 or Margrave Ludwig's the Elder Neumärkisches Landbuch from this time ed . 1837, p. 42 ( online ).
- ^ Johann Jakob Sell : History of the Duchy of Pomerania from the earliest times to the death of the last Duke, or to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . 1819, p. 380.