Krauchenwies Castle

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Old Krauchenwies Castle

The Old Castle Krauchenwies is a classical castle in Krauchenwies in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg .

location

The palace complex is located on the south-east corner of the Princely Hohenzoller Park on the outskirts of Krauchenwies, in the direction of Sigmaringen on the busy federal road 311 . Krauchenwies has belonged to the Counts of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen since 1595 ; this is where the counts and future princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen had their summer residence. The castle is listed as a monument in Park 2, Flst. No. 1/47 recorded.

history

The history of the old castle in Krauchenwies can be divided into three phases: the medieval origin as a noble residence, the first complex from 1595 to 1597 as a four-winged Renaissance castle and the current complex from 1769 to 1785 as a three-winged building of the early classicism.

The old castle, also called "Wasserschlösschen", has its origins in a medieval moated castle . In 1303 the castle was first mentioned in a document as the tower of the lower noble family of the Lords of Leiterberg as the village lords of Krauchenwies. In 1414 it was called a water house because it was surrounded by a moat.

After renovations in the 15th century, the Ravensburg master builder Hans Waldner transformed the complex from 1595 to 1597 on behalf of Count Karl II von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1547–1606) into a renaissance castle with probably four wings. In March 1633, during the Thirty Years' War, the palace complex was destroyed by Swedish troops under General Horn .

In the 18th century, Krauchenwies served as a residence for Prince Karl Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1724–1785). Between 1769 and 1785 the first complex was redesigned under him into a two-storey, irregular horseshoe-shaped three-wing complex with hipped roofs in the form language of early classicism . The east wing was extended to the south. There was a chapel in the rounded west wing (bell tower) . The kitchen was located to the north of the chapel.

Former coach house

In 1789 a two-storey stables building was built not far from the castle. 1825 a two-storey carriage shed (now used as a fire station for the volunteer fire brigade) and in 1840 a one-storey greenhouse with two corner pavilions ( orangery ).

In July 1808, the newly wed hereditary prince couple Karl (1785-1853) and Antoinette von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1793-1847) settled in Krauchenwies, while the court authorities had their seat in Sigmaringen Castle (royal seat). After the new building of the country house in the immediate vicinity from 1828 to 1832, the function as the (summer) residence of the Princely House was transferred to it. Initially, the old castle was still used as an apartment for high-ranking personalities.

In the palace chapel there were eight individual pictures hung with depictions from the life of St. Mary. They were identified in 1846 as panels by the Ulm painter Bartholomäus Zeitblom and assigned to the Pfullendorfer winged altar of St. James' Church, which was believed to be lost. In 1867 they came to the Princely Museum in Sigmaringen and in 1928/29 to the State Gallery in Stuttgart and the Städel Museum in Frankfurt.

At the end of the 19th century, the one-story, wooden hall was added to the west side. After a fire, the complex was rebuilt in 1937: the castle got a new roof structure and the historical exterior painting was renewed.

During the time of National Socialism it was used as one of five camps of the female Reich Labor Service (RAD) in what was then the Prussian-Hohenzollern district of Sigmaringen. For this purpose, it was adopted by the RAD in April 1940. After the inauguration on May 9, 1940, the first 55 “working maids” moved into the castle. In 1941, 19-year-old Sophie Scholl from Ulm began her six-month service here in the 501 Krauchenwies civil labor camp , which lasted from the beginning of April to the end of September. In the labor and military service her rejection of National Socialism grew. Militiamen of the French Vichy regime followed later .

In the first post-war years it was used to accommodate homeless German soldiers. Under Prince Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1891–1965), the castle was used from 1954 to 1979 as the “ Maltese Children's Home Schloss Krauchenwies” for refugee children and war orphans of the Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary . From 1979 to 1981 as a reception camp for Vietnamese refugees. After that, the building was used by the Federal Finance Administration as an education center. Most recently, it was used to accommodate students from the Sigmaringen fashion school . From 1990 the building stood empty and was left to decay. The renovation was estimated at seven million German marks . Neither the Krauchenwies community nor the Hohenzollern family were willing to make this investment.

The house of Hohenzollern and the community had hoped in vain for a user for about ten years. In 2001, the Hohenzollern House applied for the castle to be demolished. However, this was rejected by the general public. In May 2002, the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office classified essential parts of the building as capable of being preserved and refused to demolish it completely.

In 2003, the German Foundation for Monument Protection partially supported the securing of the wooden support structure and the roof. In October 2004, work began on the metal parts, windows, roof tiles, PVC floors and wall coverings in the front part of the wing on the street and in the former dining room. In a rescue operation in 2006, the castle complex, which had been vacant for decades and was in a desolate condition due to lack of maintenance, was carried out. This was financed by the State Preservation of Monuments, the German Foundation for Monument Protection, the Baden-Württemberg Monument Foundation and the Princely House of Hohenzollern. Parts of the castle that were affected by dry rot and could not be recovered (which were added later as extensions) were demolished and the roof was renovated. The original shape of the three-wing system could be retained.

In its current state, the castle is a three-wing complex open to the south in the style of early classicism. It is a two-storey, plastered half-timbered building with high hipped roofs and triangular gables decorated with coat of arms above the main portals. The castle is a listed building and is owned by the von Hohenzollern family. It is unused, still in need of renovation and is for sale. Electricity, water and sewage connections are available on the 4000 to 5000 square meter property. The castle takes up an area of ​​around 1000 square meters, the total usable area around 800 square meters more.

The castle was named " Monument of the Month January 2007" by the Monument Foundation Baden-Württemberg .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Rudolf Maag: Das Habsburgische Urbar, Volume II . Basel 1894, p. 424; however, there was apparently a ruin called "Lütterberg" in Krauchenwies until the middle of the 19th century (cf. Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins , Volume 3, 1852, p. 479)
  2. ↑ a b c Werner Sieber: Does the castle in Krauchenwies fall victim to the wrecking ball? In: Schwäbische Zeitung from October 11, 2001
  3. ^ Eugen Gradmann: Art historical hiking guide. Württemberg and Hohenzollern . Chr. Belser AG. Stuttgart-Zurich 1970. p. 487 ISBN 3-88199-137-9
  4. ↑ Falko Hahn: Unique masterpieces in St. Jakobus Church . In: Südkurier of April 16, 2013
  5. ^ Friedrich Haack-Erlangen: The Sigmaringer Marienleben and the Stuttgart prophets half-length pictures . In: Kunstchronik: Weekly for art and applied arts . Ed. 19. 1908. pp. 205f.
  6. ↑ According to other work service camp 13/122 Krauchenwies
  7. ↑ Cf. Krauchenwies Castle in the service of the neighbor - Disabled home . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from March 1948
  8. ^ Edwin Ernst Weber: Sophie Scholl in the Reichsarbeitsdienstlager Schloss Krauchenwies . In: Denkstättenkuratorium NS-Documentation Oberschwaben (ed.): Places of thought on Upper Swabian paths of remembrance in the districts of Lake Constance and Sigmaringen . 2012. p. 30
  9. ^ Edwin Ernst Weber: Sophie Scholl and the female Reich labor service camp Krauchenwies . 1998
  10. ↑ Vera Schwers: Childhood under National Socialism from a biographical point of view . LIT, Münster 2002. ISBN 978-3-8258-6051-6 . P. 63
  11. ↑ Arno Möhl: Citizens remember the "coup" . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from April 21, 2015
  12. ^ Hohenzollern Castle Krauchenwies threatened with demolition . SWR 4's contribution from December 9, 2001 in Culture in Baden-Württemberg
  13. ↑ a b Martina Goldau (mag): Demolition of “Heimat” . In: Südkurier of October 5, 2004
  14. ^ Salem, second attempt . In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten of October 29, 2007

literature

  • Edwin Ernst Weber: Sophie Scholl and the female Reich labor service camp Krauchenwies . In: Journal of Hohenzollern History 34 . 1998. pp. 207-224.

Web links

Commons : Krauchenwies Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 1 ′ 13.5 ″  N , 9 ° 14 ′ 55.9 ″  E