Krauchenwies

Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Tübingen
County :	Sigmaringen
Height :	599 m above sea level NHN
Area :	44.66 km 2
Residents:	5007 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	112 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	72505
Area code :	07576
License plate :	SIG
Community key :	08 4 37 065
Community structure:	6 districts
Address of the ; municipal administration:	Hausener Strasse 1 ; 72505 Krauchenwies
Website :	www.krauchenwies.de
Mayor :	Jochen Spieß
Location of the municipality of Krauchenwies in the district of Sigmaringen

Krauchenwies is a municipality about ten kilometers south of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Geographical location

The municipality of Krauchenwies is between 568 and 685 m above sea level. NN on the southern edge of the Obere Donau Nature Park . The municipal area covers around 4276 hectares (as of December 31, 2010). The place Krauchenwies is about ten kilometers south of Sigmaringen and about 30 kilometers north of Lake Constance . Krauchenwies is traversed by the Ablach , which rises on the European watershed and flows into the Danube. Extending to the Danube towards prone, south of the Danube valley extending Ablachtal with gentle ridges is characterized by partially renatured lakes, large contiguous areas of forest and agricultural lawns. In addition, the Andelsbach flows through Krauchenwies to flow into the Ablach in the Princely Park in front of Josefslust .

geology

For around 1.8 million years ( Pleistocene ), the foothills of the Alps have been regularly reached by glaciers during various cold periods . The glaciers transported large amounts of rubble and debris from the valley of the Alpine Rhine into the Alpine foothills. The glacier of the Riss Ice Age reached the greatest extent. It crossed the Danube valley from Sigmaringen to Riedlingen, only came to a stop on the ascent of the Alb table and drove over the deposits of the Günz and Minde ice ages and mixed with their material. The last glacier, the Würm Ice Age , only reached south of Pfullendorf, which means that two areas occur in the region: On the one hand, the so-called old moraine with deposits from the Riss Ice Age and, south of it, the so-called young moraine with deposits from the Worm Ice Age. The meltwater flowing away graveled up the old valleys, caused strong lateral erosion and thus created today's box shape. This gravel from the meltwater inflows was covered again when the glacier advanced, and so-called advance gravel was formed, which was previously (Steidlesee) and is still extracted using wet mining in Krauchenwies today. In Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler and Göggingen, the moraines of the crack ice age are extracted using dry mining. The gravel that is extracted in Krauchenwies today comes from the Alps.

The state of Baden-Württemberg maintains one of eleven locations for agricultural state variety trials in the Krauchenwieser district, three of them in the administrative district of Tübingen. The central test field "Oberland" with its ten hectares is the largest official test field for crops in Baden-Württemberg. It is on the route between Krauchenwies and Mengen, before the junction to Ostrach. Half of the area is owned by the state, the other half is leased on a long-term basis. The active test area is 4.5 hectares, the rest is compensation area. 23 official tests and nine industrial tests are carried out on the approximately 1,300 plots. Another 500 parcels are used for joint experiments by the advisory service and industry. The trial field is supervised by the agriculture department of the Sigmaringen district office and is independent of industrial companies. The Agriculture Department performs the tasks of the lower agricultural authority in accordance with the Agriculture and Regional Culture Act (LLG). The Krauchenwies test site has been assigned to the Tertiary hill country / Gäu (previously Donau Süd) since 2009. The sandy loam of the pseudovergleyten Parabrounerde an old moraine at 620 m above sea level. NN has a pH of 6.4 to 6.7.

climate

The place has annual precipitation of around 790 mm, the annual mean temperature is 7.6 ° C. The main tree species are spruce, beech, ash and maple.

Community structure

The community consists of the core town of Krauchenwies and the districts of Ablach , Bittelschieß , Ettisweiler , Göggingen and Hausen am Andelsbach .

District	Population (as of December 31, 2010)	Area (as of December 31, 2010)
Krauchenwies (core town)	2309	1215 ha	12,145,036 m²
Ablach	0682	0614 ha	06,141,837 m²
Bittelschießen	0312	0447 ha	04,469,717 m²
Ettisweiler	0053	0191 ha	01,909,936 m²
Göggingen	0897	1237 ha	12,368,420 m²
Hausen am Andelsbach	0794	0763 ha	07,630,088 m²

history

Krauchenwies village with castle (view from 1733)

Until the 18th century

The village of Krauchenwies is first mentioned in 1202 under the name Albertus de Cruchinwis as a witness in a Reichenau document. The Lords of Cruchinwis were Reichenau Ministrale. Krauchenwies is probably a settlement from the more recent expansion period. The place name Krauchenwies could be derived from the word kruchen (= crawl). Compare the expression “crawl and fleuchen” = crawl and fly. See also z. B. the parcel "Krauchen" in Wahlweiler at the highest , which is pronounced "Krucha" by the locals, and which describes a long, winding parcel. So it is a creeping, winding meadow that gave Krauchenwies its name. A person named Cruchin is not documented for Krauchenwies, nor is the fictitious personal name Cruchin or Crucho found in historical documents from other places. The previous interpretation as the “meadow of the cruchin” is completely unfounded. The fact that Krauchenwies already had its own parish church in 1216 and around 45 houses in 1306 suggests a longer development period.

Later, the lower nobility of the Lords von Leiterberg (also Laiterberg ) took over the village. The lord of the von Leiterberg family in the 13th century was the Reichenau Abbey in Krauchenwies. In Krauchenwies, the monastery had given them, among other things, the rule of the village, the church rate and general control of the dependent farmers. The Leiterberg sold their possessions and rights (service loans, own property, village and church rule) to the Habsburgs around 1290 . From 1453 to 1458 Werner von Zimmer owned the castle and village of Krauchenwies, which he had acquired from Conrad Gremlich for 2500 gold guilders. But he had to give it back to Gremlich at the objection of the family. The rooms exercised high jurisdiction over Krauchenwies . In 1514 the mark was expressed in the Alemannic dialect form with Kruchenwiss .

When he was not yet 35, knight Hanns von Sürgenstain , also known as Hans Sürg , got the village of Krauchenwies as a carpenter's fief. The Zimmerische Chronik reports that the feudal man was poisoned while eating at the imperial table in Prague together with other nobles, but survived mentally confused. He lived in a "Schlössle" in Krauchenwies. It is also said that he was stabbed to death in 1546 by his Augsburg servant in his night camp in the inn of the Wald monastery .

In 1595, Charles II of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen bought Krauchenwies, which has remained closely linked to the county of Sigmaringen ever since . The still existing book of the dead shows a long list of plague deaths during the war against Sweden and France (1630–1648) in the course of the Thirty Years War , often several in one day.

The ownership of Krauchenwies remained controversial for a long time. In detail, the question was whether the place was the direct property of the princes of Hohenzollern or a fief of the archdukes of Austria. In order to emphasize the Hohenzollern claim to ownership, in 1731 the Hohenzollern commissioned a field description or a so-called land register for the “Hochfürstlich-Sigmaringischen Immediat-Flecken Krauchenwis”. On May 2, 1770 Krauchenwies was the station of Marie Antoinette's bridal voyage . A snack has been prepared for her here.

Center of Krauchenwies and Partie near the castle (1906)

19th century

Krauchenwies was popularly known as “Little Paris” in the 19th century: In the vicinity of the early classicist castle, the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen rulers built the new country house in the middle of the princely park in 1828/1829. In addition to the magnificent park, there were representative town houses, and Krauchenwies soon became a meeting place for crowned heads. Emperor Wilhelm I and Empress Augusta stayed here as guests.

From 1807 the village was in the newly founded Hohenzollern Oberamt Sigmaringen . As a result of the cession of the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen to Prussia , Krauchenwies became part of the Hohenzollern Lands in 1850 and remained so until 1945. From 1873 Krauchenwies was the junction of the Radolfzell – Mengen and Krauchenwies – Sigmaringen railway lines of the Baden State Railway .

20th century

During the time of National Socialism , Krauchenwies was one of five camps of the female Reich Labor Service (RAD) in what was then the Prussian-Hohenzollern district of Sigmaringen. For this, the old castle was taken over by the RAD in April 1940. In April 1941, 19-year-old Sophie Scholl from Ulm began her six-month service here. In memory of the resistance fighter who was executed in early 1943, the Krauchenwies elementary and secondary school has been known as the "Sophie Scholl School" since 1997. French prisoners had been employed in factories since the beginning of the Second World War . Militiamen of the French Vichy regime lived in the old castle and nobles found accommodation in the country house. Around noon on April 22, 1945, light tanks of the French 1st Panzer Division, coming from Messkirch, rolled into Krauchenwies and thus sealed the end of the war for the place. Before that, nine men of the Volkssturm erected anti-tank barriers on the streets to Hausen and Habsthal. At the western entrance to the town, resistance was offered by German soldiers. There were several wounded and two German soldiers fell. Today a cross in the Princely Park commemorates the death of one of the soldiers. When they marched in, French soldiers checked houses that had not raised a white flag. Later, thousands of prisoners briefly gather in the Krauchenwieser building yard.

Incorporations

On December 1, 1971, Ettisweiler was incorporated into Krauchenwies. Bittelschieß (on July 1st) and Göggingen (on September 1st) were added in 1974. With the incorporation of Ablach and Hausen am Andelsbach, the municipal reform was completed on January 1st, 1975. Since then, the community has six districts.

Religions

The Catholic parish of St. Laurentius belongs to the pastoral care unit of Krauchenwies-Rulfingen to the dean's office of Sigmaringen-Meßkirch in the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

politics

Local council and local councils

In Krauchenwies, the municipal council is elected using the false sub-district election. The number of local councils can change due to overhang mandates . The local election on May 26, 2019 led to the following official final result. The turnout was 61.4% (2014: 55.4%). The municipal council consists of the elected voluntary councilors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council.

Party / list	Share of votes	Seats	2014 result
CDU	49.7%	9 ^*	57.5%, 11 seats
Free voters	50.3%	10	24.0%, 05 seats
Independent	-	-	18.5%, 03 seats

^* Including a compensation mandate

In the villages of Ablach, Bittelschieß with Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen, there is a local council due to the local constitution . On a proposal from the council elects a volunteer for each village mayor .

The area of responsibility of the local council is to advise the local administration. In the districts, the local councils advise and resolve all matters relating to the locality. The local council is heard in all important matters affecting the locality and has the right to make proposals in all matters affecting the locality.

mayor

On June 21, 2015 Jochen Spieß was confirmed in his office as mayor with 98.5 percent of the votes in the first ballot. On June 24, 2007, he was confirmed for a second term of office with 96.7 percent of the votes in the first ballot. In 1999, Spiess prevailed against three other candidates with around 42.5 percent in the second ballot and replaced Heinz Schöllhammer in his office, which he held for 36 years.

1963–1999: Heinz Schöllhammer (CDU)
since 1999: Jochen Spieß (CDU)

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Krauchenwies shows a divided shield, a four-lug red ladder in silver on a green mountain top, and a standing golden stag in red below.

The ladder standing on the Dreiberg is taken from the talking coat of arms of the Lords of Leiterberg, who are known as the first local lords of Krauchenwies. The former affiliation to the county of Sigmaringen is expressed by the golden stag. The noble owners of the village changed frequently until it came to the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as an Austrian fief in 1595.

In 1756 the mayor Joseph Stecher and the mayor Franz Gmeiner sealed the mayor of Krauchenwies with the mayor's personal seal: a pretzel, above the letters: IST (Ioseph Stecher). After 1945, possibly earlier, the mayor's office stamp showed a six-tube fountain.

Today's coat of arms was proposed by the Sigmaringen State Archives in 1947. It was awarded on January 28, 1949 by the Württemberg-Hohenzollern Ministry of the Interior (No. IV 3012 B / 13).

Community partnerships

In 1997 an official partnership agreement was signed with the Hungarian municipality of Isztimér . However, contacts have existed since 1993 and are intensively maintained through alternating visits, for example to the two fire departments.

Culture and sights

Krauchenwies is located on Hohenzollernstrasse and is part of the "Upper Swabian Danube" tourist region.

Buildings

Krauchenwies

Princely palace complex Krauchenwies

The Princely Palace of Krauchenwies is protected as a "cultural monument of particular importance" according to §12 of the law for the protection of cultural monuments (Monument Protection Act - DSchG) of the state of Baden-Württemberg to a special degree by being entered in the monument book.

The castle complex consists of:

the old castle (Im Park 2, Flst. Nr. 1/47),
the princely country house (Im Park 6, Flst. Nr. 1/47),
the residence of the castle administrator (Im Park 1, floor no. 1/25),
the orangery (Im Park 4, Flst. Nr. 1/47),
the former forester's house (Im Park 7),
the Marstall (Sigmaringer Str. 8, Flst. Nr. 1/54),
the former princely carriage house (Sigmaringer Str. 10 - old building No. 26, Flst. No. 1/44) and
Krauchenwies Castle Park (In the park - Flst. No. 273, 275, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/24, 1/46, 1/47)

Classicist castle

Old Krauchenwies Castle

Krauchenwies Castle, the so-called Old Castle , has belonged to the Counts and Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen since 1595 .

Summer residence of the Princes of Hohenzollern

Inhabited country house Krauchenwies

The princely summer palace , the so-called country house , is located on the edge of the park not far from the old palace. It was built at the instigation of Karl von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen between 1828 and 1832 according to plans by Rudolf Burnitz . On July 15, 1837, Stephanie von Hohenzollern , who became Queen of Portugal in 1858, but died of diphtheria in 1859 , was born here . From 1872 Prince Karl Anton zu Hohenzollern (1811–1885) used the palace complex as a summer residence. At the time the Vichy regime was housed in Sigmaringen Castle (August 20, 1944 to April 22, 1945), the country house in Krauchenwies was assigned to the princely family. Other nobles followed. Prince Friedrich von Hohenzollern died in the country house on February 6, 1965 . The building still serves as the residence of the von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family; Princess Alexandra and daughter Antonia Elisabeth live in the castle. The area, which is also privately owned, is fenced. The site and the house are not open to the public.

Stables

The two-storey stables at the northern entrance to the village , built in 1789, are located directly on federal road 311. The former princely horse stables on the right-hand side of the ground floor became the gymnasium of the gymnastics club in the 1950s. Everything that was reminiscent of the horse stables back then went to the junkyard. The main building with around 375 square meters of overbuilt space and a total of 1958 square meters of usable space fell into disrepair. In the 1980s, the ground floor was used as a workshop and exhibition building for car trailer construction, the right part of the building was used by a second-hand goods dealer. The entire first floor is accessed via a central staircase and each has a large apartment in the south and north wings. They served families as living space after the Second World War. It has not been used in recent years. The attic space above is in good condition and has not been expanded. This roof space extends over the entire length of the main building. The left wing is still almost in the original state of the Marstall (ceilings, walls, floors, feed trays, etc.). On the east side of the main building there is a wooden storage shed on the floor plate attached to the border. The original stucco decoration , an almost fully plastic relief with two jumping horses, is still located above the sandstone-framed portal . The building is dilapidated and requires extensive measures to maintain the structure and facade, as well as to secure the stucco ceilings, ceilings and walls. It was acquired in 2013 by the renowned sculptor and painter Josef Alexander Henselmann . By the end of 2015, the owners want to completely renovate the building in its original form and design as a stables and for further use as a studio.

Former princely carriage house

Former coach house

The former carriage house of the princely palace once formed a stately entrance hall for the residence and later the summer residence of the Hohenzollern family with the old palace and the stables. The building, built around 1825, is a plastered two-storey half-timbered building with a gable roof. In 1950 there were plans to build apartments. Later it was converted into a fire station by the Krauchenwies volunteer fire brigade founded in 1865, and in the 1970s it was fitted with folding steel doors. Today the building houses the two vehicle halls on the ground floor with radio cabin, breathing apparatus workshop and hose washing facility as well as the hose tower that is open at the top. On the upper floor, to the left of the internal staircase, the training and recreation rooms for the German Red Cross Krauchenwies standby and to the right for the Krauchenwies volunteer fire brigade are located. The top floor is open throughout and is used as a storage room and clothes closet. A gas pipe runs through the vehicle hall. In December 2014 / January 2015 the old doors were replaced by four aluminum folding doors. In April 2015, the former princely carriage shed was restored to its 19th century monumental appearance. The facade painting was only possible with the prior approval of the State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg, which also decided on the color scheme. For the sake of the uniformity of the palace complex, it suggested that the plaster should have roughly the same color as the other princely buildings.

Parish Church of St. Laurentius

The Catholic parish church of Krauchenwies is consecrated to St. Lawrence of Rome . Its medieval tower shaft has an onion dome from 1736. The nave is dated to 1597. The transept and choir date from the 19th century. In the 1950s the church was structurally changed and almost completely rebuilt. The church offers more treasures of the fine arts than you might think at first glance. In the interior there is a late Gothic tombstone with a skeleton as a coat of arms holder and a late Gothic Mother of God with a child sculpture. Further evidence of the art in the village church are stations of the cross made of fired and enamelled clay, sculptures, reliefs, tombs and stained glass windows from the late Middle Ages to the more recent past. Historical original pieces can be found in the inhabited rectory. The church tower, which can be entered through 67 steps, the first of which are made of well-worn and decades-old wood, has four bells on its penultimate floor that were bought after the Second World War.

Others

Krauchenwieser town hall

The town hall was built in 1844 as a representative building in the town center as a result of the settlement of the Hohenzollern family. and rebuilt in 1936 Previously there was an agricultural property here. It fell victim to a fire in 1843 - at that time the Krauchenwies volunteer fire brigade had not yet been founded. The building has a classical facade with wall paintings in the upper gable area. At the entrance area with three portal arches there are three-dimensional representations with the names of those who fell in the world wars. The roof was completely renovated in 2009. In 1980 a fountain was inaugurated in front of the building.

Disused Krauchenwies train station

The Krauchenwies station , which was built by the Grand Ducal Baden Railway Administration, was once the hub of the Hegau-Ablachtal Railway and the Krauchenwies – Sigmaringen railway . On the outer facade of the restored station building, a memorial plaque commemorates the very high presence of Sr. Majestaet of our Emperor WILHELM I in this house on July 10, 1875 .
Mühle Kaiser : On July 23, 1501, Konrad Bowß, Müller zu Krauchenwies, sold his mill in Krauchenwies to Paulin Brunner von Beuren (Burren) with his house, barn, courtyard rite and all other accessories and all justice, as he had received from the late Peter Schennckh Vogt zu Sigmaringen, bought. She lent the mill in Krauchenwies with the Werd located above and the new mill ditch on April 25, 1502 to Wolf von Honburg, resident of Krauchenwies. The descendants sell the mill on November 14, 1522 to Junker Heinrich Sirge von Sürgenstain zu Krauchenwies. Ferdinand, King of Hungary and Bohemia, etc., Archduke of Austria, enfeoffed Heinrich Sürg von Sürgenstein's son, Hanns, with the mill on March 20, 1529. The latter is mentioned in the Zimmerische Chronik for the year 1546 as the owner of the mill. A detailed map from 1733 shows a historical view of the town on the Andelsbach, a mill with a water wheel and ancillary building at the current location and a ford below the mill. The construction of a bridge was not considered until 1772. Archival materials also provide information about the millers Burth and Guhl, the Lohmühle of Ambros Weber and the sawmill of Albert Kaiser.
The White Cross is a white painted oak wooden cross with the body of Christ at the intersection of Landesstraße 194 between Krauchenwies and Ostrach and the district road between Hausen am Andelsbach and Rulfingen. The monument is owned by the Krauchenwies community. The White Cross was rebuilt in its previous location on June 1, 1901 through offerings by the then still independent communities of Krauchenwies, Hausen am Andelsbach, Habsthal and Rulfingen and renewed in 1961 and 1982. Members of the Swabian Federation last undertook a comprehensive restoration in 2005. On the night of Easter Monday 2008, two serial offenders identified in April 2008 cut it with a chainsaw and then had to be rebuilt. The new cross was inaugurated again on October 14, 2008 in a public ceremony. However, before 1901 there was a previous cross at this point, which was privately erected between 1819 and 1843 by the chief forester Karl Arnold, who was in the service of the Princely Hohenzollern family, together with his brother. It is possible that the White Cross was erected on the occasion of the suicide of his son Xaver Arnold on February 21, 1934 in the Tiergarten (Josefslust) with a self-inflicted gunshot wound. But since the Thirty Years' War there have been wayside crosses at this point.
On the federal road 311 above the serpentines there is a small monument in the direction of Rulfingen.
On the right side of the Andelsbach in front of Krauchenwies, in the southwest corner of the “Schloßbühl” valley, there is a Celtic ring wall system (Hallstatt-era burial mound with a dagger [iron lance tip?]). It was examined in 1880 by Colonel August von Cohausen. In his memoirs from Hohenzollern in June 1881 , he reports of strange Roman walls in the castle garden of Krauchenwies.

Ablach

The 17th and 18th century church of St. Anna is located in the Ablach district . It is richly decorated and has a neo-Gothic high altar.

Bittelschießen

St. Kilian's Church

The St. Kilian Church in Bittelschieß from 1758 is considered a rococo gem. The stucco is by Johann Jakob Schwarzmann , the new frescoes by A. Braun.
The Burgstall Bittelschieß is a medieval castle stable, about one kilometer northeast of Bittelschieß. Bittelschieß Castle was on a hill, a gravel deposit of the central Rhine glacier area . However, the hill was almost completely removed by gravel mining.
The Hünaburg near Bittelschieß is a prehistoric and early historical ring wall. It is located on a hill not far from the county road 8273 to Glashütte , two kilometers north of the state road 456 from Krauchenwies to Pfullendorf.

Ettisweiler

The Ettisweiler Chapel was built in 1879 in honor of Our Lady of Sorrows and St. George.

Göggingen

The St. Nicholas Church in Göggingen is a baroque church from 1805 and 1806. The predecessor was a building from 1696. The image of Christ on the high altar, which depicts Christ without a crown of thorns and dates from 1750, is interesting and valuable.

Hausen am Andelsbach

The church St. Ottilien (also Odilienkirche) in Hausen am Andelsbach has a tower from the 15th century with a stepped gable. The building dates from 1853. It is equipped with a magnificent Renaissance crucifix and a Gothic Pieta from 1420.

Natural monuments

Princely Hohenzoller Park

Seated monument in honor of Kaiser Wilhelm I in the princely park

The Fürstlich-Hohenzollerische Park in Krauchenwies was laid out under Karl von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1828 in the style of the English landscape park of Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau . Local trees from the princely forest districts were planted, but also “exotic” trees, which at that time included silver maple , poplar , plane trees and red-flowering horse chestnuts . With the “Vorderen Park” in direct connection to the Landhaus and the “Berganlage” on the other side of the Sigmaringen – Krauchenwies road and the “Hinteren Park”, which was created a little later and extends from the confluence of the Ablach and Andelsbach rivers to the Princely Zoo Josefslust the plant covers an area of 61 hectares . The English park was supposed to give the visitor the ideal picture of a landscape in a romantic sense of nature. The change from the dense tree population to wide meadows resulted in different rooms that were supposed to evoke different moods. Curved paths that repeatedly opened up new lines of sight aroused the curiosity to explore the landscape garden further. The natural rivers were also included in the design. A lake was created by damming the Andelsbach. Contemporary drawings and later postcards show that the lake was often used for boat trips by the princely family and their guests.

When Prince Karl Anton decided to use the Krauchenwies palace and park as a summer residence from 1872, the site received special attention and care. The Prince of Hohenzollern regularly received high-ranking and illustrious guests in Krauchenwies in July and August. On these occasions, the landscape garden served as a backdrop for concerts and theater performances or was used for long walks and trips. The most important visitors were the German Emperor Wilhelm I (1797–1888) and his wife Augusta (1811–1890). The empress had found a particular liking in a meadow in the northeastern part of the princely park, which was soon only called "Augusta-Wiese". To commemorate a stay of Wilhelm I, a bank memorial was donated in 1875, for which the name “Kaiserstuhl” caught on in the population. It is adorned with the likeness of Kaiser Wilhelm I as a marble portrait. During later visits by the empress, the Augusta meadow received additional items in the form of stone vases or small memorials. In 1871 Krauchenwies was connected to the Mengen – Meßkirch railway line and two years later via Josefslust to Sigmaringen. In order to enable the Prince's guests to travel directly through the park between the country house and the train station on arrival or departure, a single-winged gate with two brick wall pillars was built in the south-west corner of the gardens facing the magnificent train station building. From the large meadow area that opens up after the gate entrance, the view could and can now wander unhindered over the 800 meters to the “Kaiserstuhl”. This line of sight made it possible for the Empress to take another look at her favorite place when she parted.

The Fürstlich-Hohenzollerische Park was described as a "gem of horticulture" and attracts many locals and visitors to walks in every season. Every year since 1966, on the first weekend in July, the park festival organized by the Krauchenwies band has been held here. At this three-day festival, the host, Prince Karl Friedrich von Hohenzollern, plays jazz standards with his combo "Charly and the Jivemates".

Summer castle
Summer castle
View of the pond with bench and lock
Pond view

Krauchenwieser Seenplatte

Lutz quarry pond

The Krauchenwieser Seenplatte is a lake landscape of the Krauchenwieser quarry ponds that was created by the mining of gravel. It represents an important habitat on the edge of the Upper Danube Nature Park . The Ablacher Lakes (“Lutzensee”) belong to the Krauchenwieser Seenplatte . In addition to the Lutzensee, the lake district includes the Steidleseen (on both sides of Landstrasse 456) to the northeast of Krauchenwies , the Vogelsee, the Zielfinger Baggersee (surf lake), as well as the South Sea II and the South Sea III. The Krauchenwieser Seenplatte is divided into a western part and an eastern part by the princely park and the Josefslust wildlife park.

Sports

The Krauchenwies ski department, the Turnverein Krauchenwies e. V. operates the club's own Hexenwäldle drag lift at the entrance to the village from Sigmaringen . The ski slope is around 250 meters long and 100 meters wide. There is also a cross-country ski run.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Street

Several long-distance connections meet in Krauchenwies:

The federal highway 311 Ulm- Geisingen (further on the federal highway 31 to Freiburg im Breisgau )
L456: The federal highway 312 from Reutlingen leads via Gammertingen to the federal highway 32 to Sigmaringen . This meets the federal highway 463 , which leads from the receptingen motorway junction via Balingen to Sigmaringen. From Sigmaringen 456 Krauchenwies- can be reached via the L Pfullendorf the Bodensee - ferry Konstanz-Meersburg
The L 286 from Ostrach – Altshausen – Ravensburg

The public transport system is the Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau guaranteed (naldo). The community is located in honeycomb 444.

train

Reception building of the former Krauchenwies train station

The former princely Krauchenwies train station with originally six train station tracks including freight tracks has been closed. Until the 1960s it was the junction of two railway lines originally built by the Grand Ducal Baden State Railways , the Hegau-Ablachtal Railway from Radolfzell to Mengen met the Krauchenwies – Sigmaringen railway here .

The building permit for the station building was in place on September 25, 1871, two years later - on September 6, 1873 - the railway line was inaugurated. The building served as a representative functional building for high-ranking guests of the princely summer residence, once Kaiser Wilhelm I was a guest. A memorial plaque on the outer facade of the restored station building reminds of this: “In memory of the very highest presence of Sr. Majestaet of our Emperor WILHELM I in this house on July 10, 1875” . The Emperor's daughter was married to the Grand Duke of Baden. The couple spent their summer on the island of Mainau and the emperor visited his daughter and stopped the train in Krauchenwies on the way back.

After the closure, the building was rebuilt in the 1960s and now houses a practice, workshop, gallery, office space and private apartments. The former reception building serves as a gallery for pictures, objects and sculptures of contemporary art, the waiting room as a living room, the ticket office as an office and the house platform as a terrace.

The Meßkirch-Mengen railway line is used twice a day for industrial transports, the Krauchenwies – Sigmaringen railway line was dismantled and renatured in 1971.

Established businesses

In addition to around 250 employees in trade and services, over 1000 employees are active in the manufacturing industry and craft.

The largest companies in terms of employment at the Krauchenwies site are:

Tegometall, metal processing industry (shelves for shop fittings)
Gravel works Lutz, Nord-Moräne, Baur, Valet & Ott with gravel extraction in several gravel works
Steidle, concrete processing (prefabricated garages) and Lutz (prefabricated parts for the sewer system and for road construction)
Optigrün International AG, green roof, awarded the state prize for young companies in 2010
Metzgerei Frick GmbH, large butcher (meat factory)
The Columbus Verlag (cartographic publisher) in Krauchenwies is one of the largest and oldest German manufacturer of globes
TOX dowels - owner Diepenbrock (in the Ablach district )
VEMA Werkzeug- und Formenbau GmbH and VEMA Technische Kunststoffteile GmbH (in the Göggingen district)
Carpentry Gmeiner - timber construction / timber house, roofing, adding storeys, crane work, facade and tree felling

There are also companies in the floristry and horticulture, wood processing, furniture manufacturing, textile processing, a flour mill, advertising company, agricultural machinery trade, sewer cleaning, paint shop and several motor vehicle dealers and workshops.

leisure

The renatured lake landscape, which was created through decades of gravel mining, is used as a local recreation area. Two bathing lakes with restaurants as well as a bird protection lake and a surfing lake form the lake district along the Ablach . Other lakes are still used for gravel mining. A motocross route on the B311 between Krauchenwies and Göggingen. A small ski lift is in operation in winter. Several soccer fields, skate fields, tennis courts and a tennis hall are available.

education

There are two kindergartens in the center of town, as well as one in each of the districts of Ablach, Göggingen and Hausen. There is also a primary and technical secondary school in the core town. The school was named after Sophie Scholl, who did her Reich Labor Service in Krauchenwies in 1941. There is another elementary school in the district of Göggingen.

Population structure

Overview and comparison data
Marking area 2008 in km²	44.66	in% of the state of Ba-Wü	0.12%
Population 2005	5029	in% of the state of Ba-Wü	0.05%
Children under 6 years	304	in% of total population	6.0%
Children under 7 years	359		7.1%
Children / adolescents under 18 years	1068		21.2%
65 year olds and older	837		16.6%
75 year olds and older	361		7.2%
Women	2561		50.9%
Foreigners	393		7.8%
including under 18 years	84	in% of total ev.	1.7%
Live born in 2005	50		1.0%
Birth surplus / deficit	+13		+ 0.3%
Newcomers	256		5.1%
Migration gain / loss	−72		−1.4%

Source: Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office, Stuttgart, 2010

Infrastructure

The municipality of Krauchenwies acts as a basic supplier of electricity through its own operation, Gemeindewerke Krauchenwies - power supply in Krauchenwies and Ablach. Today's energy supply company has its origins in 1922. At that time the municipalities of Krauchenwies and Ablach formed a special purpose association, which built a dam west of Krauchenwies on the Ablach and put a hydroelectric power station into operation for generating electricity. At that time, this electrical power station was sufficient for the local power supply. With the municipal reform, the association went under. In 2004, the two turbines covered one percent of the community's energy needs. In the meantime, 22 million kilowatt hours are supplied in the municipal utility's power grid. Of this, 9 million kilowatt hours are generated in EEG systems. The EEG electricity consists of biomass with 7.5 million kilowatt hours, solar with 1.2 million kilowatt hours and 0.4 million kilowatt hours from hydropower . The operating building of the hydropower plant in Unterried 21 is used by the DLRG local group Krauchenwies-Meßkirch as a home for theoretical training and material maintenance .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Friedrich von Hohenzollern (1891–1965), head of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1927 to 1965
Heinz Schöllhammer, retired Mayor D.

Sons and daughters of the church

Johann Baptist Wehrle (born May 27, 1791 in the district of Göggingen, † 1857 in the USA), master bricklayer and architect, later city architect of Constance. In 1831/1832 he built Bodman Castle in Bodman . In 1849 he emigrated to the USA.
Karl Anton Joachim Zephyrin Friedrich Meinrad Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (born September 7, 1811 in Krauchenwies, † June 2, 1885 in Sigmaringen), Prussian Prime Minister from 1858 to 1862
Leopold Stefan Karel Anton Gustaf Eduard Tassilo von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (born September 22, 1835 in Krauchenwies, † June 8, 1905 in Berlin ), waived the Spanish crown offered to him, but it came, in particular because of the demand of the French government, Germany should always renounce a candidacy for the throne in Spain, for the Franco-Prussian War 1870/71.
Stephanie von Hohenzollern (* 1837 at Krauchenwies Castle; † 1859 in Lisbon ), Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Queen of Portugal
Lorenz Vogel (born August 10, 1846 in the Göggingen district; † November 8, 1902 in Munich), painter
Karl Schoy (born April 7, 1877 in the district of Bittelschieß, † December 6, 1925 in Frankfurt am Main), a well-known source researcher in the field of Arabic astronomy and mathematics
Wunibald Lutz (* December 18, 1877 in Krauchenwies; † March 24, 1949 there), member of the Hessian state parliament
Conrad Keller (born May 3, 1879 in Krauchenwies; † April 16, 1948), sculptor
Gustav Kempf (born January 8, 1890 in the Göggingen district; † May 25, 1972 there), Catholic clergyman
Anton Böhe (born January 23, 1914 in Krauchenwies; † December 5, 1998 in Ettlingen), pastor and clergyman (1952–1985), honorary citizen of Malsch
Lorenz Menz (born August 3, 1935 in the Hausen am Andelsbach district), lawyer and politician (CDU), 1988–2000 State Secretary of the State Government of Baden-Württemberg

Personalities who have worked on site

Jan Oerding (born December 30, 1948 in Kleve ) is a retired Lieutenant General. D. of the army of the Bundeswehr
Sophie Scholl (born May 9, 1921 in Forchtenberg ; † February 22, 1943 in Munich - Stadelheim ), did her Reich Labor Service (RAD) in Krauchenwies from April to September 1941

Remarks

↑ Landmark area 42,755,098 m²
↑ Bathing was still used here in the previous century. In the "bathing regulations of the community of 1928, which were drawn up in the interest of order and decency", terms such as boys 'baths and girls' baths appear, and separate bathing times are given for women and men. See Arno Möhl: Tour: SZ readers admire the princely park. The former princely summer residence finds new fans thanks to interesting tours. In: Schwäbische Zeitung of July 22, 2011
↑ Franz Baumgartner († April 22, 1945 in Krauchenwies) and Kurt Wintermantel (* 1927 in Haslach; † April 22, 1945 in Krauchenwies)
↑ Since the cross was erected by head forester Arnold, it must have happened after he took up his duties in 1819. (Source: State Archives Sigmaringen, Dep. 39 DS 1 T 9 NVA No. 19120)
↑ Geometer J. Stiefel created a land map (SOL 15) in 1843 in which the cross is already drawn. (Source: Krauchenwies municipal archive, Best. V, No. 4)
↑ The new White Cross bears the inscription: THE WORD OF THE CROSS IS THOSE WHO GET LOST Foolishness BUT THEY ARE BLESSED IT IS THE POWER OF GOD / CORINTHIANS 1.18 / ESTABLISHED BY OFFENSES FROM 4 COMMUNITIES IN 1901 / RENEWED 1961/2005 BY GODFRIED THROUGH THE SCHWABENBUND / 2008 THROUGH ANTON RUPRECHT

Individual evidence

↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).

↑ ^a ^b ^c Information from Waltraud Weizenegger, antechamber of the mayor of Krauchenwies, from January 11, 2011.

↑ LeJu 2001

↑ Sabine Hug (hug): Field inspection is very popular . In: Südkurier of July 10, 2010

↑ Hunting lease 2011. In: Blättle. Bulletin of the Krauchenwies community with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen. 52nd year / No. 10 of March 11, 2011

↑ See Gustav Kempf, pp. 15 + 136

^ Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg: official description by districts and communities, Volume 7: Administrative region of Tübingen . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1978. p. 877. ISBN 3-17-004807-4

↑ Gustav Kempf, p. 23

↑ Gustav Kempf, p. 20

^ Berlin Society for the Study of Newer Languages (ed.): Archive for the Study of Newer Languages and Literatures, Volume 45–46 . Westermann Verlag, 1869. p. 107

↑ ^a ^b Falko Hahn (fah): In 1546 a servant stabbed to death in Wald Ritter Sürgenstain - story from Zimmer's chronicle. Murder in the monastery inn . In: Südkurier of November 14, 2008. See also: Zimmerische Chronik, Volume 3, pp. 508ff.

↑ Gustav Kempf, p. 354

↑ ^a ^b ^c Oldest detailed map from 1733. Historical view of the town of Krauchenwies is in the Sigmaringen State Archives - drawn by Johann Conrad Kircher . In: Südkurier from June 25, 2009

^ From Paris to Krauchenwies - Migration in the service of the dynasty using the example of Antoinette Murat . Lecture by Carmen Ziwes on November 25, 2010 in Krauchenwies in relation to Carmen Ziwes: Marie Antoinette's bridal trip in 1770. Celebrations , ceremonies and social conditions using the example of the city of Freiburg . In: Enlightenment 6 (1991)

↑ To spread the word! Did you know that ... In: Südkurier from March 9, 2011

^ Edwin Ernst Weber: Sophie Scholl and the female Reich labor service camp Krauchenwies . In: Journal of Hohenzollern History 34 . 1998. pp. 207-224.

^ Edwin Ernst Weber: Sophie Scholl in the Reichsarbeitsdienstlager Schloss Krauchenwies . In: Denkstättenkuratorium NS-Documentation Oberschwaben (ed.): Places of thought on Upper Swabian paths of remembrance in the districts of Lake Constance and Sigmaringen . 2012. p. 30.

↑ ^a ^b Arno Möhl: Citizens remember the "coup" . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from April 21, 2015

^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 533 and 549 .

↑ Krauchenwies municipality - public announcement of the results of the election of the municipal council on May 26, 2019 , accessed on August 25, 2019

^ Seal of 1756: StA Sigmaringen, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. General part, B II No. 169

^ Eberhard Gönner: Krauchenwies In: District Sigmaringen (Hrsg.): Wappenbuch des Landkreis Sigmaringen . Swabian print shop, Thumm & Hofstetter. Stuttgart 1958

↑ Sandra Häusler (saw): Young people from the partner community Isztimér visit Krauchenwies and Ablach. Five great days in Linzgau . In: Südkurier of June 27, 2009

↑ Vera Romeu (from right): Birth: The new region is called Upper Swabian Danube. Sigmaringendorf, Krauchenwies, Mengen, Scheer, Hohentengen and Herbertingen are to merge. In: Schwäbische Zeitung from February 19, 2011

↑ Castle complex (Im Park 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, Sigmaringer Straße 8, 10, Krauchenwies) on the pages of www.leo-bw.de (regional information system for Baden-Württemberg)

↑ Arno Mohl (Ch): council Krauchenwies. The old stables should become a ballroom . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from December 1, 2010

↑ Arno Möhl: There is little hope for the patient named Marstall. Monument authorities remain tough - "The building always arouses interest" . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from June 7, 2011

↑ Arno Möhl: Marstall becomes a studio and exhibition space . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from October 7, 2013

↑ Marstall should shine again . In: Scroll. Bulletin of the community of Krauchenwies with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen from June 27, 2014

^ Adolf Guhl: On the history of fire extinguishing in Krauchenwies . In: Hohenzollerischer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Journal for Hohenzollerische Geschichte, Volume 1, year 1965 , pp. 271–283.

↑ Gudrun Beicht (at): Four new gates for the fire station . In: Südkurier of October 21, 2014

↑ Herbert Klawitter: During their main exercise, the Krauchenwieser firefighters have to extinguish their own tool shed . In: Südkurier of April 14, 2014

↑ Special commitment . In: Scroll. Bulletin of the Krauchenwies community with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen . Volume 55, number 51/52, from December 19, 2014. p. 7.

↑ Krauchenwies fire station . In: Scroll. Bulletin of the Krauchenwies community with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen . Volume 56, number 14, from April 2, 2015. p. 3.

↑ Krauchenwies fire station . In: Scroll. Bulletin of the Krauchenwies community with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen. Volume 56, number 18, from April 30, 2015. p. 3.

↑ Art treasures. Guided tour of St. Laurentius . In: Südkurier from July 15, 2008

↑ Arno Möhl: The stork family looked into the nest. The offspring can be observed from the church tower. In: Schwäbische Zeitung from June 1, 2011

^ Gudrun Beicht: Princely couple from Hohenzollern visits Krauchenwies . In: Südkurier from June 6, 2012

↑ Old Town Hall in Krauchenwies , accessed on December 2, 2010

↑ Christoph Klawitter: Recognition from all sides for the fire department . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from May 31, 2015

↑ Arno Mohl (Ch): council Krauchenwies. City hall remains closed for a year . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from December 2, 2010

^ Corinna Knoblach: Large train station in Little Paris. The Baden Railway in Hohenzollern . In: Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Archive news, No. 43 / September 2011 . Pp. 20-21.

↑ ^a ^b ^c The White Cross is back: To its story . In: Scroll. Bulletin of the municipality of Krauchenwies with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen from October 17th, 2008

↑ ^a ^b Gudrun Beicht (bei): More than 100 citizens come to the consecration of the Christian symbol at Landesstraße 194. The white cross is back . In: Südkurier of October 17, 2008

↑ Gudrun Beicht (at): Cross is being repaired . In: Südkurier of April 17, 2008

↑ ^a ^b Siegfried Volk (siv): Wrongs destroy crosses again . In. Südkurier from March 27, 2008

↑ ^a ^b Arno Möhl (mö): Ceremony . Citizens are happy about the "White Cross" shining in new splendor . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from October 16, 2008

↑ Krauchenwies in the private location database Suehnekreuz.de

^ August von Cohausen: Wall castles at Schloßbühl south of Krauchenwies and at Sauberg . In: Communications from the Association for History and Antiquity in Hohenzollern . XXV. Year 1891/92, Sigmaringen 1893, pp. 82–83.

^ Correspondence sheet of the general association 1881

↑ The Princely Hohenzollern Park Krauchenwies . Information board that was created as part of the 72-hour campaign in 2009 by the acolytes of the Krauchenwies-Rulfingen pastoral care unit and the Krauchenwies rural youth.

^ Arno Möhl: Tour: SZ readers admire the princely park. The former princely summer residence finds new fans thanks to interesting tours. In: Schwäbische Zeitung of July 22, 2011

↑ Kaiserstuhl and Augusta-Wiese . Information board that was created as part of the 72-hour campaign in 2009 by the acolytes of the Krauchenwies-Rulfingen pastoral care unit and the Krauchenwies rural youth.

↑ Ski areas in our region . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from December 4, 2010

↑ Arno Mohl (Ch): studios. An artist with golden hands . In: Schwäbische Zeitung of May 21, 2010

↑ ^a ^b Jennifer Kuhlmann (jek): Open Monument Day. The emperor is waiting for the train in the living room . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from September 9, 2010

↑ Barbara Waldvogel: "Open Monument Day". Where the wheel of time turns . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from September 10, 2010

↑ http://www.landespreis-bw.de/lpbw/inhalt/nav/preistraeger/preistraeger2010/uebersicht.xml?dyn=true&ceid=110544&ansicht=wp&jahr=2010

↑ Martina Goldau (mag): Purchasing is becoming more flexible . In: Südkurier of February 21, 2004

↑ 40 percent from renewable energies. Community works . In: Südkurier of August 9, 2011

↑ Historical Handbook Baden-Württemberg

literature

Monika Cramer / Klaus Herrmann: The Princely Park to Krauchenwies . Thesis. Nürtingen University of Applied Sciences, Nürtingen 1991
Anton Gmeiner: Krauchenwieser Liederbuch 2002
Klara Holzmann: My home region Krauchenwies: a geographic investigation . 1969
Gustav Kempf: The Gögginger village book . Community of Göggingen, [Krauchenwies-] Göggingen 1971
Heinz Schöllhammer (foreword), Otto Frick (red.): Krauchenwies: A picture book from the past . Geiger-Verlag, Horb 1992, ISBN 3-89264-740-2
Adolf Guhl: On the legal history of the village Krauchenwies . In: Hohenzollerische Jahreshefte 12, 1952 , pp. 47–73
Edwin Ernst Weber: Sophie Scholl and the female Reich labor service camp Krauchenwies . In: Journal for Hohenzollern History. 34 = 120th year 1998 , pp. 207-224
Erwin Zillenbiller , Bernhard Fuchs: 800 years of Ablach. 1202-2002 . Krauchenwies community, 2002
Carmen Ziwes: Krauchenwies and its town hall . Published by the Krauchenwies community. Messkirch 2012
Carmen Ziwes: The princely park in Krauchenwies . In: Hohenzollerische Heimat 63, 2013, pp. 1–6

Web links

Commons : Krauchenwies - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[2] Landmark area 42,755,098 m²

[4] Bathing was still used here in the previous century. In the "bathing regulations of the community of 1928, which were drawn up in the interest of order and decency", terms such as boys 'baths and girls' baths appear, and separate bathing times are given for women and men. See Arno Möhl: Tour: SZ readers admire the princely park. The former princely summer residence finds new fans thanks to interesting tours. In: Schwäbische Zeitung of July 22, 2011

[20] Franz Baumgartner († April 22, 1945 in Krauchenwies) and Kurt Wintermantel (* 1927 in Haslach; † April 22, 1945 in Krauchenwies)

[51] Since the cross was erected by head forester Arnold, it must have happened after he took up his duties in 1819. (Source: State Archives Sigmaringen, Dep. 39 DS 1 T 9 NVA No. 19120)

[52] Geometer J. Stiefel created a land map (SOL 15) in 1843 in which the cross is already drawn. (Source: Krauchenwies municipal archive, Best. V, No. 4)

[53] The new White Cross bears the inscription: THE WORD OF THE CROSS IS THOSE WHO GET LOST Foolishness BUT THEY ARE BLESSED IT IS THE POWER OF GOD / CORINTHIANS 1.18 / ESTABLISHED BY OFFENSES FROM 4 COMMUNITIES IN 1901 / RENEWED 1961/2005 BY GODFRIED THROUGH THE SCHWABENBUND / 2008 THROUGH ANTON RUPRECHT

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_DE-BW-1] State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).

[Kommunaldaten-3] Information from Waltraud Weizenegger, antechamber of the mayor of Krauchenwies, from January 11, 2011.

[5] LeJu 2001

[hug-6] Sabine Hug (hug): Field inspection is very popular . In: Südkurier of July 10, 2010

[7] Hunting lease 2011. In: Blättle. Bulletin of the Krauchenwies community with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen. 52nd year / No. 10 of March 11, 2011

[8] See Gustav Kempf, pp. 15 + 136

[9] Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg: official description by districts and communities, Volume 7: Administrative region of Tübingen . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1978. p. 877. ISBN 3-17-004807-4

[10] Gustav Kempf, p. 23

[11] Gustav Kempf, p. 20

[12] Berlin Society for the Study of Newer Languages (ed.): Archive for the Study of Newer Languages and Literatures, Volume 45–46 . Westermann Verlag, 1869. p. 107