Ablach (Danube)
| Ablach | ||
 Course of the Ablach |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | EN : 1132 | |
| location |
Baden-Württemberg
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| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Danube → Black Sea | |
| origin |
Q. of OL Lindenbach of M. Aach : northeast Liggersdorf in the corridor island acorns between Forstwald and Kalkofer forest 47 ° 53 '36 " N , 9 ° 8' 11" O partition weir: in Schwacke Reuter Lakes 47 ° 54 '49 " N , 9 ° 3 '40 " E |
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| Source height |
Dividing weir: approx. 621 m above sea level NHN Q. of OL Lindenbach der M. Aach : |
|
| muzzle | for quantities from the right and south-west into the Danube coordinates: 48 ° 3 '47 " N , 9 ° 20' 44" E 48 ° 3 '47 " N , 9 ° 20' 44" E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 551 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 70 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 2.2 ‰ | |
| length |
from the dividing weir: 32.3 km from Q. Lindenbach : |
|
| Catchment area |
from the dividing weir : 435.468 km² with Mindersdorfer Aach : |
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| Discharge at the level of Mengen A Eo : 438 km² Location: 4.3 km above the mouth |
NNQ (02/18/1942) MNQ 1931–2006 MQ 1931–2006 Mq 1931–2006 MHQ 1931–2006 HHQ (02/12/1945) |
178 l / s 1.35 m³ / s 3.4 m³ / s 7.8 l / (s km²) 27.3 m³ / s 55.3 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Alte Ablach, Rübelisbach , Seewaldbach, Krummbach , Grabenbach , Teuerbach, Talbach | |
| Right tributaries | Gröbelgraben, Rinkenbach, Auenbach, Nollenbach, Aspenbach , Ringgenbach , Lautenbach , Talbach , Andelsbach | |
The Ablach is a river now about 33 km long, initially in the Baden-Württemberg district of Konstanz , but predominantly in the district of Sigmaringen , which flows into the Danube from the right after an approximately north-easterly run at Mengen .
The Ablach arises on the European main watershed, which is low here, as a right branch today, mostly with no inflow, below a dividing weir in the area of the Schwackenreuter Lake District, which usually feeds the Mindersdorfer Aach to the Stockacher Aach and only feeds the Ablach during floods. With this upper course taken from her, she would be about 41 km long. It only drains part of the so-called Waltere moorland .
geography
course
On its way to the Danube, the Ablach flows in its remaining upper reaches through the Schwackenreuter Lake District and passes the villages of Bichtlingen and Schnerkingen . In Meßkirch , the Ablach receives a tributary from the Grabenbach on the left . The Ablach continues to pass Igelswies and Menningen , where in the Middle Ages the Ablach fed the moats of the Menningen moated castle, which are now partially filled in . Before Göggingen it is fed on the right by the Ringgenbach , later part of the water is diverted there into the so-called Mühlekanal . Behind Göggingen, Mühlekanal and Ablach flow together again.
The Ablach now passes the village of Ablach named after it, continues towards Krauchenwies and through the princely parks there. Here the Andelsbach feeds them from the right. Behind Krauchenwies she runs, squeezed into a straightened bed, at Zielfingen through a collection of quarry ponds . At the level of the Südsee III restaurant there is a weir where part of the water could be diverted into a canal in order to generate energy for a mill and a sawmill. Behind the Dillmann sawmill, the water was returned to the Ablach, only to be partly drained off again immediately afterwards. The beneficiary is the Dinsersche sawmill. The diverted canal water flows through the city of Mengen as the Mengener Ablach . The original Ablach on the other hand ( Ennetacher Ablach ) passes Ennetach . The branches come together again below Mengen, soon afterwards the Ablach flows into the Danube above the river bridge of the L 269 Mengen– Blochingen opposite the district from the right and south-west .
For the last 800 meters before its current mouth, the Ablach flows in the former river bed of the Danube. This backwater arm was separated from the current course of the Danube in the course of its straightening.
Watershed, Mindersdorfer Aach and river bifurcation
Today's upper course of the Mindersdorfer Aach is the original, natural upper course of the Ablach. Since the Stockacher Aach has a favorable "Rhenish" gradient for the use of hydropower and the sawmills and hammer mills there required more water, around 1699 man first intervened in the natural course of the stream. In the area of the European watershed between the catchment areas of Lake Constance - Rhine and Danube, the water of the Mindersdorfer Aach in the area of today's Schwackenreuter Lake District near the Eckmühle was largely diverted through the Mindersdorfer Aach-Ablach breakthrough into the Stockacher Aach, which is about 100 meters further west flows, and thus shifted the valley watershed in favor of the Stockacher Aach. So the ablach was literally dug out of the water through an artificial so-called (river) bifurcation . A weir made of limestone guides the much larger amount of water here.
The water of the small Mindersdorfer Aach branches out at the bifurcation and the much larger amount of water flows south in the Stockacher Aach to Lake Constance , from where it reaches the North Sea via the Rhine that runs through it . To the north, the meager amount of residual water flows - and only in months when the water level is high - following the course of the valley as Ablach into the Danube and further into the Black Sea .
Craftsmen from Meßkirch expressed concerns about digging up the inlet to the Ablach. They feared that the reduced amount of water would result in disadvantages for the millers, tanners, sawmills and the other water-dependent trades in Messkirch. But the representatives of the Fürstenberg hammer mills in Zizenhausen insisted on more hydropower for the Aach.
With the creation of the Schwackenreuter quarry ponds, the Ablach received a new, artificial stream bed. A weir around five meters long was built in what is now the Aach, which overflows when the water level is high and was supposed to give off water into the Ablach. Today (as of 2007) the weir is overgrown to a trickle, which further reduces the runoff to the Ablach. That is why the Ablach is only exposed to high water and dries up to a large extent in the upper reaches when the water is low.
Tributaries and lakes
List of direct tributaries and 
lakes from source to estuary. Water length on the main line, lake area and catchment area and height according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted. Selection.
Today's origin of the Ablach at about 621 m above sea level. NHN at the dividing weir of the Mindersdorfer Aach between the second and third of the larger Sauldorfer quarry ponds , which are also known as the Schwackenreuter lake district . The left main branch of the Mindersdorfer Aach, however, continues in the Stockacher Aach , which runs towards Lake Constance.
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Continue past the large and numerous Sauldorf quarry ponds as far as the Rubelisbach. - Gröbelgraben , from the right in the area of the lakes, 2.4 km and approx. 2.4 km².
- Alte Ablach , from the left, 1.6 km and about 1.6 km²
- Rubelisbach or Rübelisbach, from the left across from the Sauldorfer Beckerhöfen , 3.5 km and approx. 4.1 km²
- Rinkenbach , from the right before the valley crossing K 8216 from Sauldorf, 6.6 km and approx. 8.4 km².
- Auenbach , from the right opposite the Sauldorfer Hardhöfen , 8.6 km and 21.6 km².
- Seewaldbach , from the left northeast of the Hardhöfe, 3.3 km and about 3.3 km².
- Brühlgraben , from the left at the Ablachbrücke on the Reute - Wackershofen road , 1.0 km and approx. 1.0 km². Arises at about 625 m above sea level. NHN on the slope below Reute.
- Nollenbach , from the right south of the Sauldorf village Unterbichtlingen , 1.7 km and approx. 2.9 km².
- Krummbach , from the left on the northern edge of Unterbichtlingen, 14.7 km and 66.107 km².
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Aspenbach , from the right on the Sauldorf / Meßkirch municipal boundary, 3.2 km and approx. 4.1 km². Flows through the Aspenweiher northeast of the Sauldorf village of Oberbichtlingen , 0.9 ha.
- Hennledobelgraben , from the right in front of the southern edge of the Messkirch village of Schnerkingen , 1.0 km and approx. 0.8 km².
- Ortsbach , from right to Schnerkingen, 1.7 km and approx. 1.0 km².
- Grabenbach , from the left in the middle of Messkirch , 8.4 km and 30.8 km².
- Teuerbach , from the left in northern Meßkirch, 3.9 km and 18.6 km².
- Wolfhaldengraben , from the right on the northeastern edge of Meßkirch, 1.4 km and approx. 1.1 km².
- (Menninger) Talbach , from the left in the Messkirch village of Menningen , 6.6 km and 18.0 km².
- Ringgenbach , from the right downwards from Menningen, 7.4 km and 21.0 km².
- Lautenbach , from the right before the Krauchenwieser village Göggingen , 2.3 km and approx. 2.4 km².
- (Gögginger) Talbach , from the right in Göggingen into a side canal, 1.2 km and about 2.8 km².
- Altlachen , from the left in Göggingen, 0.9 km and approx. 0.8 km².
- Unterriedgraben , from the left on the southern edge of the village of Ablach von Krauchenwies, 1.8 km and about 1.8 km².
- Augraben , from the right east of Ablach, 1.5 km and about 0.9 km².
- Egelseegraben , from the left east of Ablach, 1.3 km and about 0.8 km².
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Espangraben , from the right northeast of Ablach, 1.5 km and approx. 0.5 km². Until shortly before the confluence with the Ablach, it flows through the first large quarry pond below Ablach, 15.4 ha.
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Postenwiesengraben , from the right in front of the river bridge of the Ablachtalbahn , 0.5 km and approx. 0.1 km². Drains another large quarry pond on the lower Ablach, about 9.1 ha.
- Andelsbach , from the right at Krauchenwies , 29.7 km and 152.4 km².
- Salengraben , from the left below the railway bridge at Krauchenwies, 3.0 km and approx. 2.4 km².
- Lindensoppengraben , from the left opposite the exit of the engine duct to the Krauchenwieser electricity station, 2.1 km and approx. 1.6 km².
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Passed the Zielfinger Vogelsee lake on the left bank, 35.8 ha. Nature reserve.
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Wusthaugraben , from the left in front of the directly adjoining Zielfinger Baggersee, 7.1 km and 13.8 km². Flows through the Gögginger , 1.5 ha., Ablacher , 1.7 ha, and the Wusthauweiher , 2.2 ha.
- Burrengraben , from the right a little after the previous one, 1.2 km and about 1.2 km².
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Zielfingergraben , from the left southeast of the Mengening hamlet of Zielfingen into the Ablach itself, 1.4 km and about 1.3 km². Flows through the Zielfinger Baggersee, 28.0 ha.
- Wegäckergraben , from the right into a side canal, 1.3 km and about 0.3 km².
- Riedbach , from the right and south into a side canal at the Mühle residential area in the Mengening village of Rulfingen , 4.3 km and approx. 4.5 km².
River division after the railway bridge to the Dillmann sawmill in Ennetacher Ablach (left main branch) and Mengener Ablach (right branch, 4.3 km)
- Lohbach , from the right immediately after the junction in the Ennetacher Ablach, 3.6 km and approx. 4.2 km². Kruztz, lastly, the Mengener Ablach.
- Fronholzgraben , from the left almost across from the Dinser sawmill in the Ennetacher Ablach, 2.1 km and approx. 1.9 km².
- Trögebach , from the left near the Ennetach settlement around the Holzstrasse in the Ennetacher Ablach, 1.8 km and approx. 1.3 km².
- Mittlerer-Weg-Graben , from the right at the bridge of the B 311 at the Mengener Stadium in the Mengener Ablach, 2.3 km and approx. 2.0 km².
- Schwefelgraben , from the right near the Butzengässle from Mengen into the Mengener Ablach, 1.6 km and approx. 1.3 km².
- (Return flood canal), from the right north of the B 32 back into the Ennetacher Ablach, 1.7 km.
Reunification of the branches at the Mengening settlement Walke zur Ablach .
- Receiving ditch , from the right at the Mengening sewage treatment plant, 0.7 km and 1.6 km².
Mouth of Ablach from right opposite the Mengener district Blochingen into the Danube . The Ablach is 32.4 km long and has a catchment area of 435.5 km².
geology
During the Riss Ice Age, the penultimate ice age around 120,000 years ago, the Ablach flowed into the Danube near Engelswies , its previous valley was covered by the Riss glacier, which at the same time dammed the Danube, which is why the Danube valley upwards to Geisingen and Spaichingen - up to an altitude of 667 meters - formed a large lake. This temporarily flowed off at Spaichingen over the valley sill there into the Neckar valley. After the Rift Ice Age, the Ablach created its current valley about 100,000 years ago with the help of the dammed and then rapidly draining water masses.
Before straightening , the Ablach had a meandering course. In the broadest sense, the Ablachtal is considered to be the separation between the Heuberg in the north and the Linzgau in the south.
history
People learned early on to make use of the fertile land to the left and right of the river, which was evident in early colonization by the Celts , Romans and Alemanni .
The name of this river itself shows that Celts settled in the Ablachtal, because the Celtic Abela means something like "brook". Along the Ablachtal you will find old settlements in the most favorable places in terms of settlement topography, which were founded during the Alemannic conquest, i.e. in the fifth and sixth centuries and whose names end in " -ingen ": Göggingen, Menningen, Schnerkingen, Bichtlingen.
Later the Ablachtal became more and more important because of its wood stocks and also because its soil quality is favorable for grain cultivation . The annual spring floods ensured sufficient fertilization. It was only in the last century that industrial gravel mining developed strongly in the Ablachtal .
The course of the Ablach got its present form due to many factors. For example, a few kilometers of the upper reaches of the Ablach were diverted to the Stockacher Aach , which reduced the catchment area of the Ablach by around 22 square kilometers. It is curious that the upper course of today's Aach, which flows through Zizenhausen, was still called Ablach there in 1857. State railway construction also had a major influence on the course of the river, the construction of the railway line from Schwackenreute to Pfullendorf (opened in 1873) and the construction of the Hegau-Ablachtal railway , between 1866 and 1870 from Stockach to Meßkirch and until 1873 from Meßkirch via Krauchenwies to Mengen , changed the flow. The railway line often runs along the Ablach and also crosses it. In addition, the Ablach was limited by the upcoming road construction . A habitat that had already been changed by agriculture received its present-day appearance through the federal highway 311 . The Ablach between Menningen and Göggingen was also corrected because of repeated floods; So in November 1910 it was decided to widen the water course to twelve meters, the measures cost 140,000 marks . In addition to the changes due to traffic-related construction measures, there were further course corrections due to the gravel mining.
level
The level of the Ablach is measured by the regional council of Tübingen at three points: One measuring device is located in Menningen and two in Mengen , namely on the Ennetacher Ablach and on the Mengener Ablach.
Flora and fauna
In its upper reaches, the Ablach has suffered structural and functional damage due to straightening and lowering. In the meantime, however, the beaver has returned to her home.
art
The watershed sculpture , a work of art by Peter Klink inaugurated in 2007, is a visible marking of the European watershed near the Schwackenreuter lakes .
literature
- Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as a single sheet
- for the run: No. 8020 Meßkirch, No. 7920 Leibertingen, No. 7921 Sigmaringen, No. 7922 Saulgau West
- Additionally for the catchment area: No. 7919 Mühlheim an der Donau, No. 8019 Neuhausen ob Eck, No. 8021 Pfullendorf, No. 8022 Ostrach, No. 8120 Stockach, No. 8122 Wilhelmsdorf
- Herbert Fießinger: The river and place name Ablach. Self-published, Krauchenwies-Göggingen 2009.
- Accompanying documentation TBG 62 - Ablach – Kanzach (PDF; 740 kB).
References and comments
- ↑ a b c d Height according to the contour line image on the background layer Topographic map of the online map server of the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (LUBW). See the → web links .
- ↑ a b Length according to the water network layer ( AWGN ) of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Length with the Mindersdorfer Aach above the dividing structure according to the water network layer (AWGN) of the LUBW's online map server, a measured section of the Stockacher Ach between this and the tributary Talbächle of about 1.7 km was added from the Aachlauf length to this tributary deducted.
- ↑ a b catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 04 of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Catchment area with Mindersdorfer Aach according to the basic catchment area (AWGN) and aggregated areas 04 layers of the LUBW's online map server. The catchment area of the Mindersdorfer Ach set on the waterway map over the dividing structure down to the tributary Talbächle of the Stockacher Ach was corrected for this purpose by the catchment area gusset measured to about 0.6 km between the two running points.
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Danube Region 2006 Bavarian State Office for the Environment, p. 86, accessed on October 4, 2017, at: bestellen.bayern.de (PDF, German, 24.2 MB).
- ^ Map of the Kingdom of Württemberg according to the new land survey on a 1/50000 scale, from the K. Statistical Topographical Bureau, Sheet V, 1830.
- ↑ The Stockacher Aach falls on its 29 km long run into Lake Constance from the dividing structure by about 225 meters, while the Ablach only loses about 70 meters in height on its about 33 km from here to the Danube.
- ↑ a b At some point towards the Rhine without intervention. In: Südkurier , August 3, 2003.
- ↑ a b Karl Mägerle (km): Heimat surprises with its beauty. In: Südkurier , from August 12, 2011.
- ↑ Alfred Heim: The drainage water also flows into Lake Constance - the small "Rhine-Danube Canal" near Schwackenreute. In: Meßkircher Heimathefte. Issue 8, 2002, ZDB -ID 2021344-X , pp. 109-112.
- ↑ Hydromorphological pressures. In: Water Framework Directive - Inventory. Processing area Danube in Baden-Württemberg. Report. P. 20.
- ↑ Lake area according to the layer standing waters of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area (AWGN) layer of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa from the catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Catchment area added up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area (AWGN) layer of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ a b c d Catchment area after the aggregated areas layer 04 of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ The area of the lake measured on the background layer of the topographic map of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ Profile of the nature reserve in the LUBW's list of protected areas
- ↑ Length measured on the background layer of the topographic map of the LUBW's online map server.
- ↑ See Menningen. In: Südkurier , from August 25, 2008.
- ^ Gustav Kempf: The Gögginger village book. Uhl, Radolfzell 1969.
- ^ Armin Heim: Result of the first wave of the medieval country development. In: Südkurier , August 14, 2003.
- ↑ a b c Gregor Moser (mos): The path leads to the Peter Klink sculpture. In: Südkurier , from August 9, 2011.
- ↑ Once upon a time. In: Südkurier , November 24, 2010.
- ↑ Flood forecast center Baden-Württemberg: State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg ( Memento from August 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )