Bittelschießen

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Bittelschießen
community Krauchenwies
Former municipal coat of arms of Bittelschieß
Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 40 ″  N , 9 ° 13 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 600 m
Area : 4.47 km²
Residents : 312  (Dec. 31, 2010)
Population density : 70 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 72505
Area code : 07576

The village of Bittelschieß is a part of the municipality of Krauchenwies with 312 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2010) and is located about three kilometers southwest of the main town of Krauchenwies in the Sigmaringen district ( Baden-Württemberg ).

geography

Geographical location

Bittelschieß is about 15 kilometers south of Sigmaringen and about 20 kilometers north of Lake Constance . It is located on the left side of the valley a little south of the confluence of the Kehlbach and the Andelsbach in the Kehlbach valley , which was formed by ice age glaciers.

geology

Since 1962, the Nord-Moräne-Kieswerk company in Bittelschieß has been mining the moraines from the Riss Ice Age in a 53-hectare dry quarry that opens up towards the Andelsbach valley. A third of the gravel pit is currently recultivated as forest and agricultural land, 16 hectares are used for mining and as operational and traffic areas.

Expansion of the area

The total area of ​​the district Bittelschieß 447 hectares is used as follows: 8% settlement, 40% forest and 51% agriculture. The agricultural area is used as follows: 67% arable land, 31% permanent grassland, 2% special crops. In Bittelschieß there are around 167 hectares of forest. The forest area is divided into the communal forest of the Krauchenwies community, small private forest and large private forest (owned by the Princes of Hohenzollern ). The municipal forest and the small private forest are looked after by the forest office in Pfullendorf.

history

Origin of name

The name Bittelschieß has two interpretations. Bittel = Büttel was originally the name of the youngest judge of the twelve judges' upper court. Bittel = bag was a man's name, called Putilo in Old High German . Schieß means acute angle, corner or gable as a field name - a designation that fits the landscape with the mountain ledge around Bittelschieß convincingly.

Prehistory and early history

Traces from the Celtic times can already be found on the Bittelschießer marker : about one kilometer southwest of Bittelschieß there were two grave mounds , to the north . The Hallstatt period fragments excavated here in a hill by Colonel August von Cohausen from June 13 to 15, 1881 belong to a red high-necked vessel. In the case of the other finds stored in the prehistory and early history collection of Sigmaringen Castle , which are listed in the inventory book under the same inventory number, it is not certain whether they also come from this hill. These include belt plates, brooches and rings. The outstanding finds include a dagger knife of the Ludwigsburg type, which can be dated to the late phase of the HaD, and a bronze foot and finger ring.

A Roman road connection from Pfullendorf to Mengen can be found in the Kehlbachtal from later times . The Roman road led through today's town and past the castle stables; a second flows from Weihwang into Bittelschieß. There were also more than a dozen well-preserved vessels of various types from the end of the 1st and beginning of the 2nd century AD in a Roman corpse field near Bittelschieß. To what extent the corpse field in connection with the Otterswang battle of a cohort of the Roman XIV Legion with a Germanic tribe, in the course of which a griffin mark was lost, is uncertain. There could also be a connection between the corpse field and the traces of Roman settlement near Hausen am Andelsbach .

In addition, there are other individual finds that cannot be assigned to any hill. These include remains of bronze belt sheet metal from the Hallstatt period of the Inneringen type and remains of leather.

middle Ages

Two so-called people's castles are known in the Bittelschießer district : In addition to the Hünaburg, there is the Bittelschieß castle stable , whose history and that of its residents, the Lords of Bittelschieß , as well as that of the church, are closely linked to the history of Bittelschieß. The von Bittelschieß family owned the place until the end of the 14th century, after which it was owned by various families of the lower nobility for centuries until it came to the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1786 .

With Bertholdeus de Bittelschieß was anno 1083 with the foundation Sankt Georgen im Schwarzwald further called Bittelschieß first, 1212 with the entry of Berthold of Bittelschieß in the foundation charter of the monastery forest . In 1245, the Bittelschieß Castle is named as the seat of the Lords of Bittelschieß about one kilometer northeast of the village on the road from Krauchenwies to Pfullendorf. Just a few years ago the traces of the castle could be found. Together with the castle, the village of Bittelschieß was first mentioned in writing in a document from the Bishop of Constance in 1245 - around one and a half centuries after the lords of Bittelschieß officially appeared.

The church was first mentioned in 1263. Bittelschieß was already its own parish earlier, and a Burkhard appears as a pastor as early as 1126. Bercardus plebanus was the pastor of the parish of Bittelschieß until 1429 . The parish's income was so low that it was not enough to support the pastor in the long run. Therefore, on September 10, 1429, the parish of Bittelschieß was incorporated into the parish of Hausen am Andelsbach as a "branch".

After the Lords of Bittelschieß died out , the place came to the Lords of Bodman , who sold it to Hans Gremlich von Jungingen in 1429 , from whom it temporarily fell to the Lords of Reischach in 1465, only to revert to the Gremlich von Jungingen .

The Thirty Years' War between the neighboring villages of Göggingen and Bittelschieß caused disputes, brawling and other acts of violence. It was about driving along in the woods between the two communities, that is, the right to drive one's cattle together with the other on the property and to graze there.

Furthermore, an Eberhard Gremlich von Jungingen , Mr. auf Bittelschieß, is known.

In the 16th century, Bittelschiess became the object of controversy several times in inheritance conflicts within the Gremlich family, who in the end lost half of the local rule to the Bishop of Constance, who had been feudal lord of Burg and Bittelschieß since 1245. In 1658 the village of Bittelschieß belonged to the princely rule of the Bishop of Konstanz and was owned as a fief by the Bavarian lieutenant colonel Johann Häffner zu Pfullendorf . The overlord of Bittelschieß was Bishop Franziskus Johannes von Konstanz in 1660 and a certain Junker Fenkher is also known as the fiefdom of Bittelschieß . The county of Sigmaringen held the forest authority in the disputed countries between Göggingen and Bittelschieß . In 1667 the Gremlich von Jungingen sold the village to Häffner von und zu Bittelschieß . Johann Baptist von Stader , Edler von Adelsheim, (Lord von Bittelschieß) bought the village for 32,000 guilders from the Häffner family in 1751 . He tried to ensure that Bittelschiess became an independent parish again. His efforts (1751–1766) were unsuccessful, mainly because he could not raise money. At that time, Bittelschieß had no more than 100 inhabitants.

Modern

In the parish chronicle of Hausen am Andelsbach in 1754 the "Burgkapelle Bittelschieß" is mentioned. In 1758, Herr von Stader had a larger church built by master builder Martin Ilg from Dornbirn instead of the old one: ten shoes longer and seven shoes wider. The Bittelschießer church was built at the same time as the town church in Sigmaringen (also by Ilg). Thanks to this relationship, a master builder came to Bittelschieß, who turned the ruinous church into a charming little baroque church.

Johann Baptist von Stader died in 1764 . Princess Johanna, wife of Prince Karl Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, acquired the village for 59,000 guilders in 1786 when Stader heirs Bittelschiess sold to the Sigmaringen prince widow Johanna from the hand of the last owner, it was Sigmaringer Hofkanzler Stader von Adelsheim. The village came permanently into Hohenzollern hands.

Bittelschieß was an independent municipality from 1820. On July 1, 1974, this was incorporated into the municipality of Krauchenwies.

Religions

The Catholic branch church St. Kilian belongs to the parish of St. Odilia in Hausen am Andelsbach.

politics

Mayor

  • 2009–2014: Egon Demmer
  • since 2014: Robert Stumpp

coat of arms

The local coat of arms of Bittelschieß, a divided shield in silver above a red bucket , below in red a standing golden stag, reminds of the former lords of Bittelschieß . The vat was taken from the seal of a Herr von Bittelschieß from 1367 and is intended to hold the memory of the former local nobility. The golden stag in the red field indicates that the place once belonged to the county of Sigmaringen.

The coat of arms was proposed by the Sigmaringen State Archives in 1947. It was awarded on August 5, 1952 by the Württemberg-Hohenzollern Ministry of the Interior , settlement office (No. IV 3012 B 13 Bittelschieß / 1/52).

Culture and sights

societies

  • The Bittelschieß volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1950, the youth fire brigade in 1991.
  • Single society Bittelschieß: The single society was mentioned for the first time in 1890, and the single flag that is still in good condition today comes from 1892. The customs from this time such as wreaths at weddings or the maypole are still carried on today. Then there was the Moschtfest and the Kiliansfest in cooperation with the fire brigade. The association has become an integral part of Bittelschießer village life and the clubhouse in the completely renovated town house, the former schoolhouse of Bittelschieß, has become a popular meeting place for young people.
  • Fools group Burgstallgoischter Bittelschieß: The group is an association of members of the fire brigade, single people and youth groups. The group has been taking part in fools' meetings in the district since 1999.
  • Folk dance group Bittelschieß: The folk dance group Bittelschieß, a local group of the Swabian Alb Association in the Upper Danube Gau, has been showing traditional Swabian folk dances in original costumes since it was founded in 2000.
  • Bittelschießer village musicians: The "Bidos" are musicians from Bittelschieß, but they all work in various music associations in the area. They meet regularly on various occasions in Bittelschieß such as the Kilians Festival or the National Day of Mourning.

Buildings

St. Kilian's Church in Bittelschieß

St. Kilian's Church - a baroque gem
War memorial in honor of those who fell in both world wars

The village of Bittelschieß has a small baroque church with stucco work , a stucco marble altar, carved chairs by masters of the Zwiefalter cathedral building and altar leaves by Andreas Meinrad von Ow . The small church, built in 1758 by Martin Ilg from Dornbirn (the master builder of the Sigmaringer parish church), is dedicated to Saint Kilian . A former stately box can be found in the choir above the sacristy. It was probably stuccoed by Johann Jakob Schwarzmann .

The humble appearance does not suggest the inner wealth. The ceiling painting shows Saint Kilian, patron saint of the church, who looks down on his village. On the choir wall, behind the high altar, is the altarpiece, the martyrdom of Saint Kilian. The altar leaves on the two sloping side altars are particularly valuable. The fourteen helpers in need are shown on the epistle page and the Descent from the Cross is shown on the Gospel page . Both were painted in oil on canvas by Andreas Meinrad von Ow in 1760 . The wooden stalls, ambo and flambeau for the Easter candle in the chancel were created by the mesmer Josef Kozlowski (1928–2005) during his 22 years of service.

According to a legend in the Zimmerische Chronik , a dragon is said to have shot against the old church. He is said to have bumped into himself that he was bleeding. This blood stain is said to have remained visible until the church fell into disrepair during the Thirty Years' War .

In 1933/34 the murals, ceiling paintings and interior painting took place in the course of the interior renovation of the church, in 1964 there was another interior renovation. An exterior renovation took place in 1981: reinforcement of the roof structure according to static requirements, installation of new roof tiles, plaster repairs and repainting of the exterior facade, relocation of the war memorial. Due to the high level of personal contribution, the Kilians bell was purchased from the savings. The same value of the bell (5,000 DM) was donated to Peru in 1983 for training priests.

1983 Blessing of bells, fountains and altarpieces on the occasion of the 900th anniversary.

1992 Closure of the church due to significant construction defects. Only in 1999 did the overall renovation begin in three stages:

  1. Slope stabilization: Five concrete piles were installed at a depth of up to 12 meters to protect the church from slipping.
  2. Interior renovation: Removal of the existing cracks, renewal of the gallery and the right-hand side of the floor as well as refreshment of the pews, paintings and figures, painting work.
  3. Exterior renovation: In 2002, the complete exterior renovation including the design of the exterior facilities took place.

1999: Blessing and Relocation

Hünaburg

Ramparts and moats of the Hünaburg castle stable

The Hünaburg near Bittelschieß is a prehistoric and early historical ring wall. It is located on a hill not far from the county road 8273 to Glashütte, two kilometers north of the state road 456 from Krauchenwies to Pfullendorf.

Burgstall Bittelschieß

The Burgstall Bittelschieß is a medieval castle stable about one kilometer northeast of Bittelschieß. Bittelschieß Castle was located on a hill, a gravel deposit from the middle Rhine glacier area. However, the hill was almost completely removed by gravel mining.

Others

Bittelschieß community center
Bittelschießer village fountain
Knaus mill
Field cross before its destruction (2007)
Marble cross before its destruction (2007)
  • Bürgerhaus Bittelschieß : The community center in Bittelschieß was also completely renovated by the residents of Bittelschieß. The building housed an independent school for Ettisweiler and Bittelschießer children until the end of the 1960s. One teacher taught all children in grades 1 to 8 in just one room. The class size was always around 35 students.
  • Bittelschieß village fountain : The Bittelschieß village fountain is a year-round water-bearing ornamental fountain in the center of the village of Bittelschieß. The water is fed in through an underground pipe. It flows over five staggered and size-varying plates like a cascade into the collecting basin below. On the side of the fountain facing the street, the six coats of arms of the municipality of Krauchenwies adorn this in alphabetical order. From left to right: Ablach , Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler , Göggingen, Hausen am Andelsbach and Krauchenwies. In the past and still today, the village fountain played an important role in the event of a fire, which should not be underestimated.
  • The lower mill , also called "Knaus-Mühle", on the state road 456 to Krauchenwies, did not get its current name until Otto Knaus bought the mill in 1948. In the Middle Ages, there was a mill on the same site that was also powered by water of the Kehlbach was operated. In 1605, the miller Utz von Göggingen complained to his community that people were going to the mill in Bittelschiess. They asked the Count of Zimmer to leave her 30 Malter Mühlkorn for cash so that the grain could be distributed among the citizens. The count accepted the exchange. A mill shop has existed since 1992.
  • There are various field and atonement crosses on the Bittelschießer district . On the night from Easter Sunday to Easter Monday 2008, a field cross in Bittelschieß on the road to Göggingen was cut down with a chainsaw by a serial offender identified in April 2008. This is a brown painted wooden cross with the body of Christ and the petition "Jesus Christ, the Son of God have mercy on us!" On a chipped metal plate. In December 2007 the same perpetrator damaged a field cross made of marble, which is in Bittelschieß in the street “Im Grund”. The perpetrator chopped off the left arm of the cross with a cobblestone.

Regular events

  • The Kiliansfest , the church patronage in Bittelschieß, is an annual traditional tent festival. The feast of the church patron St. Kilian has always been celebrated in Bittelschiess. If it used to be a working day, work was suspended in the whole place. With the garden festivals coming into fashion in 1970, a private citizen organized another secular celebration behind the threshing house. The fire brigade quickly recognized the importance of the community as a cultural bearer and took over the further organization of the upcoming festivals. Increasing demands on the offer as well as being independent of the weather through a tent made several changes of location necessary. The festival has been at home on the square next to the school for years. And since 1980 even in your own tent. The organizers are now called fire brigade and single club. On Sunday the festival begins with a (tent) church service, later the original “Bittelschießer Saumagen”, a culinary specialty, is also served. In 2007, the Kiliansfest was framed for the first time by an agricultural classic car exhibition, with more than 25 mostly smaller tractors and a combine harvester being able to be viewed. Among other things, an old "Lanz Aulendorf" was shown as a gem.
  • The village carnival plays next to the annual festival Kilian an important role in village life.
  • The Danzfescht auf'm Heuboden has been organized annually by the folk dance group Bittelschieß since 2010.
  • The Moschtfest is a traditional festival of the single society Bittelschieß.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Karl Schoy (born April 7, 1877 in Bittelschieß; † December 6, 1925 in Frankfurt am Main), a well-known source researcher in the field of Arabic astronomy and mathematics

Remarks

  1. ↑ The keystone at the entrance portal bears the carved inscription "A [NN] O 1758"

Web links

Commons : Bittelschieß  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information from Waltraud Weizenegger, antechamber of the mayor of Krauchenwies, from January 11, 2011.
  2. ↑ Arno Möhl (mö): Interview: "Where there can be recultivation, it will be done". Bernd Schönebeck from Nord-Moräne-Kies explains the changed concept . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from January 31, 2012
  3. ↑ LeJu 2001
  4. ↑ After Günter Schmitt
  5. ^ According to the Krauchenwies community
  6. ^ According to Günter Schmitt and the Krauchenwies community
  7. ↑ a b cf. Oscar Paret : Württemberg in prehistoric times . Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 17. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958. p. 268
  8. ↑ See Hartwig Zürn : Hallstatt period grave finds in Württemberg and Hohenzollern. Volume 1. Research u. Ber. Before u. Mornings Bad-Württ. Volume 25. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1987. ISBN 3-8062-0779-8 . P. 181
  9. ↑ See Adolf Rieth , Josef Wilhelm Gilles: The iron technology of the Hallstatt period. Verlag JA Barth, 1942. p. 46
  10. ↑ Cf. Stefan Burmeister: Gender, age and rule in the late Hallstatt period in Württemberg . (Tübingen writings on prehistoric and early historical archeology. Volume 4), Waxmann Verlag, Munich / Berlin 2000. ISBN 3-89325-387-4 . P. 155
  11. ↑ Susanne Sievers: The Central European Hallstatt Daggers . Prehistoric bronze finds (1982). ISBN 3-406-08070-7 . P. 45
  12. ↑ Cf. Felix Hettner , Karl Lamprecht (Hrsg.): West German magazine for history and art. Volume 2. Verlag F. Lintz, 1883. P. 206
  13. ↑ See writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. Volumes 11-12. ed. from the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. Commissioned by JT Stettner, 1882. p. 84
  14. ↑ See New Heidelberg Yearbooks. Volumes 8-10. ed. from the Historical-Philosophical Association of Heidelberg, Society of Friends of the University, Heidelberg. Verlag G. Koester, 1898. p. 106
  15. ↑ a b cf. 39. Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission . ed. from the German Archaeological Institute, Roman-Germanic Commission, Verlag J. Baer & Co., 1959. pp. 186f., 194 u. 202
  16. ↑ Kilian-Dirlmeier: The Hallstatt Period Belt Plates and Belch Belts of Central Europe . Prehistoric bronze finds XII. 1 (1972). No. 71
  17. ↑ See find reports from Swabia. Volume 2. ed. from the Society for Pre- and Protohistory in Württemberg and Hohenzollern. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung, 1930. p. 17
  18. ↑ a b c From the peasant knight's village to the bourgeois housing estate. Ceremonial lecture by district archivist Dr. Edwin Ernst Weber on July 11, 2008 for the first documentary mention of Bittelschiess 925 years ago. In: Scroll. Bulletin of the Krauchenwies community with the districts Ablach, Bittelschieß, Ettisweiler, Göggingen and Hausen . September 5, 2008. No. 36. 49 Vol. 2
  19. ^ The dispute over the Bittelschießer drive 1658–1663 . In: Gustav Kempf: The Gögginger village book . Community of Göggingen. Göggingen 1971. pp. 84-87
  20. ↑ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: Gremlich v. Jungingen . In: Ders .: New general German nobility lexicon . 1863. Volume IV. P. 30
  21. ↑ Alfons Kasper: Art hikes across the Danube . 1964, p. 157
  22. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 549 .
  23. ↑ Eberhard Gönner: Bittelschieß In: Landkreis Sigmaringen (Hrsg.): Wappenbuch des Landkreis Sigmaringen . Swabian print shop, Thumm & Hofstetter. Stuttgart 1958
  24. ^ Karl Mägerle: Associations travel to Argentina . In: Südkurier from June 9, 2010
  25. ^ In Eugen Gradmann: Art historical hiking guide. Württemberg and Hohenzollern . Chr. Belser AG. Stuttgart-Zurich 1970. p. 488 ISBN 3-88199-137-9 titled “ Rokokokirchlein ”
  26. ↑ Quote from Eugen Gradmann: Swabian art hike . 1960
  27. ^ Eugen Gradmann: Art historical hiking guide. Württemberg and Hohenzollern . Chr. Belser AG. Stuttgart-Zurich 1970. p. 488 ISBN 3-88199-137-9
  28. ↑ The Erblehenmühle . In: Gustav Kempf: The Gögginger village book . Community of Göggingen. Göggingen 1971. pp. 153-162. here p. 156f.
  29. ↑ Rainer Ohmacht: Knaus-Mühle: From the field to the consumer . In: Südkurier of March 7, 2014
  30. ↑ Two field crosses were sawed down . In: Südkurier from March 25, 2008
  31. ↑ Field cross damaged again . In: Südkurier from December 20, 2007
  32. ↑ Klawitter: Three days of festive mood . In the Südkurier issue of July 9, 2005
  33. ↑ Historical Handbook Baden-Württemberg

literature

  • Bittelschieß 700 years ago . In: Heuberger Volksblatt . Edition from December 20, 1912. In: Herbert Fießinger: Gögginger Chronik. Volume I: Until 1945 . Göggingen. June 2004. p. 193.
  • Krauchenwies community: Bittelschieß . In: Ders .: Krauchenwies. Ablach. Bittelschießen. Ettisweiler. Göggingen. Hausen. Krauchenwies ... the community . Self-published by the municipality of Krauchenwies. P. 8f. Krauchenwies 2003
  • Eberhard Gönner: Bittelschieß In: District Sigmaringen (Hrsg.): Book of arms of the district Sigmaringen . Swabian print shop, Thumm & Hofstetter. Stuttgart 1958
  • Josef Mühlebach: Bittelschieß - From the history of the village . In: Hohenzollerischer Geschichtsverein in connection with the state school offices of Hechingen and Sigmaringen (ed.): Hohenzollerische Heimat, 23rd year, No. 2 / June 1973 . Pp. 22-24.
  • Alexander Schulz: The church of Bittelschieß and a newly discovered design drawing by Andreas Meinrad von Aw . In: Hohenzollerischer Geschichtsverein (Ed.): Hohenzollerische Heimat, Volume 27, No. 2 / July 1977 . P. 20f.
  • Wolfgang Frey: Small place with an eventful past. The district of Bittelschieß von Krauchenwies celebrated its 900th anniversary - first recorded in 1083 . In: Hohenzollerischer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Hohenzollerische Heimat, 33rd year, No. 3 / September 1983 . P. 44f.
  • Günter Schmitt : Bittelschiess . In: Ders .: Burgenführer Schwäbische Alb. Volume 3: Danube Valley. Hiking and discovering between Sigmaringen and Tuttlingen . Biberach publishing house printing. Biberach 1990. ISBN 3-924489-50-5 . Pp. 17-22.