Burgstall Bittelschieß
| Bittelschieß Castle | ||
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 Gravel pit in the Burgstall Bittelschieß district |
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| Alternative name (s): | Büttelschieß | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Standing position : | Free nobles | |
| Place: | Krauchenwies -ittelschieß | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 59 '54 " N , 9 ° 14' 3" E | |
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The castle Bittelschieß is an Outbound medieval hilltop castle about one kilometer northeast of the village Bittelschieß in the town of Krauchenwies in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg , Germany .
The name Bittelschieß has two interpretations. Bittel = Büttel was originally the name of the youngest judge of the twelve judges' upper court. Bittel = bag was a man's name, called Putilo in Old High German . Schieß means acute angle, corner or gable as a field name - a designation that fits the landscape with the mountain ledge around Bittelschieß convincingly.
location
The Burgstall was located in the Gewann Burgstall , which is divided into the so-called Vorderen and Hinteren Burgstall , a hill next to today's state road 456 from Krauchenwies to Pfullendorf . The castle was located above today's Knaus mill, which had a medieval outwork and is not far from a Celtic ring wall in the northeast corner of the Gewann Burgstall on the local road to Ablach . The Gewann Burgstall rises between 600 and 660 meters above sea level on the left and above the confluence of Kehlbach and Andelsbach . The hill is a gravel deposit of the middle Rhine glacier area of the last ice age . On the right side of the Andelsbach, in the southwest corner of the Schlossbühl estate, there was another castle site, marked as a ring wall in older maps.
investment
The Burgstall Bittelschieß was a prehistoric earth fortification. In more recent times the Burgstall was used for agriculture. Just a few years ago, traces of the former castle complex could be found. However, the hill was almost completely removed by the gravel mining . In 1997 the hill had a remaining width of 250 meters and in 2002 it was only 150 meters, but had already been completely removed from the south side. The street name Burgstrasse is reminiscent of the former castle complex.
history
During the excavation of Hallstatt-era burial mounds in the Spitalhau, a fibula, four robe needles, hollow rings, earrings, belt ring fragments, rings of various kinds, an iron dagger with a bronze handle and shards of clay vessels were found. Basin-shaped stove tiles that belong to the 13th century were found at the Bittelschieß castle site. They suggest a former simple castle complex. The settlement of Bittelschieß and the Lords of Bittelschieß were first mentioned in a document in 1083. The lords of the castle were very involved in medieval political life. They were asked as witnesses for monastery foundations and received certificates for special services, for example Bertholdeus de Bittelschieß in 1083 at the Sankt Georgen Foundation in the Black Forest . The chronicle says that the family castle was very likely on the mountain promontory, about a quarter of an hour north of the present village, opposite the mill on the road. Berthold von Bittelschieß is mentioned in the deed of foundation of the Wald monastery in 1212 . Knight Hugo von Bittelschieß received a certificate from the “Constanzer” bishop in 1245, because he gave him Bittelschieß and received it back as an inheritance .
The medieval castle complex is mentioned for the first time in 1245 as the seat of the Lords of Bittelschieß . In the same year, the gentlemen von Bittelschieß are named in connection with the sale of the Deutwang property to Heinrich von Tanne , the Bishop of Constance . The ancestral seat of the Lords of Bittelschieß was probably relocated from today's village of Bittelschieß to Bingen-Hornstein with the construction of the new Bittelschieß Castle in the 12th century . As early as 1250, the Zimmerische Chronik mentions Bittelschieß Castle as "Burgstall".
Lichtschlag Ulrich von Bittelschieß , who appeared for the last time in 1466, is named as the last gentleman in Bittelschieß . After the family died out, the property was repeatedly sold and divided. The place changed hands at least nine times. In the first records, the Lord von Bodman bought the place for 495 Rhenish guilders in 1429. This price increased from sale to sale until Princess Johanna zu Hohenzollern bought the property in 1786 for 59,000 Florentine guilders. The village was no longer sold and after Johanna's death passed into the possession of Prince Anton Alois von Hohenzollern .
In 1851, the "Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine" reported that ruins of the ancestral seat of the Barons von Bittelschieß can still be seen .
On June 18, 1966, the demolition of the Bittelschieß castle hill is reported with a photograph made by Leonie Frick: After the castle, the mountain on which it stood is now disappearing, an unusual event that is currently taking place in Bittelschieß. The “stone block” […] is actually a compact mass of sand and gravel that is now being mined; A short while ago it was still the wooded mountain on which the castle of the Lords of Bittelschiess once stood, just above the Pfullendorf-Krauchenwies road. It has now completely disappeared with the mining of the natural resources, the mountain itself follows. The noble von Bittelschieß are first recorded in 1083, they existed until the 13th century. The castle apparently disappeared again very early in the Middle Ages. A few weeks ago, a few stove tiles from this castle, probably of high medieval origin, came to light during gravel mining.
The local coat of arms of Bittelschieß, a divided shield in silver above a red bucket , below in red a standing golden stag, reminds of the former lords of Bittelschieß . The vat was taken from the seal of a Herr von Bittelschieß from 1367 and is intended to hold the memory of the former local nobility. The golden stag in the red field indicates that the place once belonged to the county of Sigmaringen . For centuries, Bittelschieß was owned by various families of the lower nobility, until it came to the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1786 .
The Narrenverein Burgstallgoischter Bittelschieß eV has been referring to the former castle at Bittelschieß since 1999, so the good-natured carnival figure "Burgstallgoischt" was created based on the gentlemen of Bittelschieß .
Remarks
- ↑ After Günter Schmitt
- ^ According to the Krauchenwies community
- ^ According to Günter Schmitt and the Krauchenwies community
- ↑ According to Krauchenwies 2003
- ↑ Bittelschieß 700 years ago . In: Heuberger Volksblatt . Edition from December 20, 1912. In: Herbert Fießinger: Gögginger Chronik. Volume I: Until 1945 . Göggingen. June 2004. p. 193
- ↑ Zimmerische Chronik: Volume 2: Page 154 : Büttelschieß is ain klainer, but ain old spot, was called the noble servant von Bittelschiess before times ain Schlössle under the village down whether the trash and ain had aigen's sex, was called the noble servant of Bittelschiess. Otherwise there were still two castles on the Andelspach river, as you can still see and recognize the burgstall .
- ↑ An undemanding family could earn a living for a day from one guilder
- ^ Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . State archive in Karlsruhe. G. Braun, 1851. p. 93
- ↑ Herbert Fießinger: Gögginger Chronicle. Volume II: 1945 to 1980 . Göggingen. June 2005. p. 257
- ↑ According to Eberhard Gönner
literature
- Wolfgang Frey: Small place with an eventful past. The district of Bittelschieß von Krauchenwies celebrated its 900th anniversary - first recorded in 1083 . In. Hohenzoller annual books . No. 33 vol. 1983. pp. 44f.
- Krauchenwies community: Bittelschieß . In: Ders .: Krauchenwies. Ablach. Bittelschießen. Ettisweiler. Göggingen. Hausen. Krauchenwies ... the community . Self-published by the municipality of Krauchenwies. P. 8f. Krauchenwies 2003
- Eberhard Gönner: Bittelschieß In: District Sigmaringen (Hrsg.): Book of arms of the district Sigmaringen . Swabian print shop, Thumm & Hofstetter. Stuttgart 1958
- Anton Lichtschlag: The Bittelschieß festival on the Lauchert and its owners . In: Communications from the Association for History and Antiquity in Hohenzollern. III. Born in 1869/70 . Pp. 1-32
- Josef Mühlebach: Bittelschieß - from the history of the village . In. Hohenzoller annual books . No. 23 vol. 1973. pp. 22-24
- Christoph Morrissey, Dieter Müller: Wall systems in the district of Sigmaringen . (= Prehistoric and early historical fortifications 22 published by the Stuttgart Regional Council - State Office for Monument Preservation), 1st edition, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2007. ISBN 978-3-8062-2107-7
- Günter Schmitt : Bittelschiess . In: Ders .: Burgenführer Schwäbische Alb. Volume 3: Danube Valley. Hiking and discovering between Sigmaringen and Tuttlingen . Pp. 17-22. Biberach publishing house printing. Biberach 1990. ISBN 3-924489-50-5