Bittelschieß ruins
| Bittelschieß ruins | ||
|---|---|---|
 The now completely overgrown site of the ruin |
||
| Creation time : | around 1150 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | Traces of terrain, small remains of the wall, chapel | |
| Standing position : | Free nobles | |
| Place: | Bingen-Hornstein | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 6 '24 " N , 9 ° 15' 22.5" E | |
| Height: | 620 m above sea level NN | |
|
||
The Bittelschieß Castle is a high medieval castle ruin southeast of Hornstein in the municipality of Bingen in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg , Germany .
Geographical location
The Spornburg , located upstream and southwest of Bingen, is located on a steep rock above the Bittelschießer Täle , a 300 meter long rock gorge in the mass limestone of the Upper Jura, a section of the Lauchert valley , at around 620 m above sea level. NN . The Lauchert's bed itself is around 603 meters above sea level. North of her are the ruins of Hornstein Castle . The Bittelschießer Höhle and the Lauchertbrücke (footbridge) are located under the ruins .
history
Bittelschieß Castle was built by the von Bittelschieß family around 1150 as their new headquarters. A first documentary mention of the Lords of Bittelschieß is known as early as 1083 . The lords of Bittelschieß were local nobles from the village of Bittelschieß , 12 kilometers away , today a district of Krauchenwies . There stood the eponymous castle - "Burg Bittelschieß" - which is known today as " Burgstall Bittelschieß ".
With the change of residence, the name was probably transferred to the castle near Hornstein in the 12th century. The name Bittelschieß has two interpretations. Bittel = Büttel was originally the name of the youngest judge of the twelve judges' upper court. Bittel = bag was a man's name, called Putilo in Old High German . Schieß means acute angle, corner or gable as a field name - a designation that fits the landscape with the mountain ledge around Bittelschieß convincingly.
The castle near Hornstein was mentioned in a document in 1248. In 1265 Albert von Bittellschieß was named as the owner of goods near Bingen. This is mentioned in a document as early as 1231. A Hugo von Bittelschieß appeared in 1266 together with the donation of the hamlet Weihwang to the Wald monastery .
In 1287 Hugo von Bittellschieß sold the "Burgstall" and the Bingen possessions to King Rudolf von Habsburg.
Before 1313, Mangold von Hornstein and his son Konrad were pledged . In 1330 a Benz I. von Hornstein was in possession of the pledge. He was the founder of the Hornstein-Bittelschieß line. Under him the castle was rebuilt. In 1387 he bought the Hornstein Tower from Swigger von Wildenau and from then on was in possession of Hornstein Castle. The descendants of his brother Konrad ( Benz and Hänsli ) founded the Hornstein-Grüningen line from 1388.
In 1401, Benz II von Hornstein zu Bittelschieß , son of Benz I von Hornstein , left Bittelschieß and moved to Hornstein Castle, only a few hundred meters away. 15 years later, in 1416, Ulrich I von Hornstein zu Bittelschieß , also a son of Benz I von Hornstein , pledged the “Lower House” of the castle to Wolf von Asch .
The castle was destroyed in 1479/80 in a feud between Archduke Sigmund of Austria and Count Eberhard I of Württemberg . Konrad von Reischach zu Hornstein , Württemberg Ministeriale , has the Bittelschieß taken and set on fire. The castle was not rebuilt afterwards.
Bernhard von Hornstein-Bittelschieß sold his destroyed castle in 1490 as an Austrian fiefdom to Count Andreas von Sonnenberg . In 1491 it became the property of the Lords of Reischach zu Hornstein . With the death of Bernhard in 1504, the line of those von Hornstein-Bittelschiess expires.
In 1510 the Austrian fief came into the possession of Johann Renner . In 1512 it was acquired by the Lords of Hornstein .
In 1625 the new building of the "Ulrichskapelle" began. This was moved from the road in the direction of Sigmaringen in the castle ruins. From 1696 to 1708 the Ulrich chapel was rebuilt under Baron Adam Bernhard von Hornstein zu Göffingen . The Bittelschieß became a place of pilgrimage for “Our Lady”. At the same time a brother house was built in 1701.
In 1787 the possession of Bittelschieß came to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . Prince Anton Aloys von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen , who succeeded his father in 1785, was able to increase his inherited property by purchasing the knighthood of Bittelschieß near Krauchenwies and Hornstein near Bingen. In 1792 “the crumbled wall” was described by Bittelschieß as worthless.
Until 1804 the chapel was looked after by a hermit. In 1805 the Austrian feudal rule expires. The brother house is left to decay in 1810.
Building description
Of the castle complex of Bittelschieß Castle, only the round building of the castle chapel protrudes above the Lauchert gorge. The owners are the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
Bittelschieß Castle
In addition to traces of the terrain, small remains of the wall have survived from the former castle complex. Today's ruin is freely accessible.
The facility, which was built on a steeply sloping rock, had an approximately 60 x 30 meter kidney-shaped castle square and a triple moat that separated the castle square in the northeast from the adjacent ridge. Because no building can be observed, it is unclear whether the located in the north, far upstream wall with a moat (low wall of rubble with Lehmresten) an extensive bailey features. Burgplatz can now be entered via the second and third (inner) moats. In the inner ditch, a shaft leads to the Bittelschießer cave below.
The southeast slope of Burgplatz seems to have slipped over the centuries. Today you can reach the main castle from the Bittelschießer Höhle via the staircase built there . In the Middle Ages, the castle square was protected in the north and west by an enclosure wall, of which remains have been preserved.
The appearance of the actual core castle is difficult to reconstruct due to the few remains. Only the chapel in the south on the outermost rock above the Lauert remained. Whether this is the location of a former donjon is, can not be confirmed. The outer walls of the rotunda from 1625 are too thin for that. However, the installation sits on an older masonry that is visible towards the valley. To the north of the chapel and thus to the west of the kidney-shaped Burgplatz stood the Bruderhaus, which was demolished again. In its place the location of the "Upper House" is assumed. In 1416 the "Lower House" was mentioned. It could have been to the west of the current chapel or behind the inner moat. Remnants of the wall indicate the location of a building there. In 1792 cellar vaults are mentioned there. Remains of the wall can also be found further west of this building, at the so-called Mount of Olives.
chapel
The castle chapel / pilgrimage chapel from the 17th century was consecrated in honor of St. Ulrich, son of Swabian nobles. The circular chapel of today's Mother of God Chapel is the last still clearly visible remnant of the former Bittelschieß Castle. It has an inside diameter of 7.50 meters. The entrance door of the chapel on the north side is opened periodically for visitors.
Inside there are the altar and wall cupboards from the early Baroque . The flat wooden beam ceiling is kept in an ocher basic tone and has figurative representations. In the middle is the Mother of God with baby Jesus, framed by the four evangelist symbols and pairs of prophets.
literature
- Christoph Bizer: Surface finds of castles in the Swabian Alb - A contribution to ceramic and castle research . Published by the regional council Stuttgart - State Office for Monument Preservation, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2038-7 , pp. 349–351.
- Krauchenwies community: Bittelschieß. In: Ders .: Krauchenwies. Ablach. Bittelschießen. Ettisweiler. Göggingen. Hausen. Krauchenwies ... the community . Self-published by the municipality of Krauchenwies, Krauchenwies 2003, p. 8f.
- Günter Schmitt : Castle Guide Swabian Alb, Volume 3 - Danube Valley: Hiking and discovering between Sigmaringen and Tuttlingen . Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei, Biberach an der Riß 1990, ISBN 3-924489-50-5 , pp. 17-22.
- Christoph Bizer, Rolf Götz: Forgotten castles of the Swabian Alb. DRW-Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-87181-244-7 , pp. 89-90.
- Christoph Bizer: Dating castles through ceramics. In: City development in the district of Sigmaringen-Veringen . 1985.
- Walter Bleicher: The castles of those of Hornstein and Hertenstein. In: BC - Local history sheets for the Biberach district . No. 2, 1980.
- Julius Wais: Albführer. Volume II. 1971.
- Alfons Kasper: Art walks all over the Danube. 1965.
- Johann Adam Kraus: The former castles Hornstein and Bittelschieß near Bingen. In. Hohenzoller annual books . No. 12, year 1952, p. 29f.
- Art monuments Hohenzollern . 1948.
- Karl Theodor Zingler, Georg Buck: Zolleric palaces, castles and castle ruins in Swabia. 1906.
swell
- Gouache by J. Eggle, 1850, Princely Court Library Sigmaringen
Web links
See also
Remarks
- ↑ Dating after Christoph Bizer
- ↑ After Günter Schmitt
- ^ According to the Krauchenwies community
- ^ According to Günter Schmitt and the Krauchenwies community
- ↑ According to the description of the Saulgau Oberamts : Count Gottfried von Sigmaringen confirmed that in 1231 the sisters of Mengen for 48 silver marks from the noble Albrecht von Büttelschieß [Albert von Bittelschieß, Adelbert von Bittelschieß] and his two sons owned the estate between Saulgau and Aulendorf [ several goods] at Boos [Baindt] with the parish church.
- ↑ Ulrich (1392) I, 230, 34. (around 1412) to Bittelschieß I, 236, 18.