Liebenwerda Castle
| Liebenwerder Castle | ||
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 The castle island from the south |
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| Creation time : | Early 13th century | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | received in parts | |
| Place: | Bad Liebenwerda | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 30 '57 " N , 13 ° 23' 55" E | |
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The castle Liebenwerda or the Liebenwerda lock in today's Bad Liebenwerda was built around the early 13th century and consisted of several fires and reconstructions until the end of the 19th century. It was built as part of the Deutsche Ostsiedlung along with other castles on the Black Elster .
history
Liebenwerda Castle
When the castle was actually built has not yet been scientifically proven. Presumably it was built at the same time as the preserved castle keep around 1207 at the time of the state expansion , also known as the German East Settlement . Within a few decades, six more castles were built on the left bank of the Black Elster in Mückenberg , Elsterwerda , Saathain , Würdenhain , Wahrenbrück and Uebigau , all of which had similar or identical towers.
The former owners of the castle are unknown. However, with the first mention of Liebenwerda around 1231, it can be assumed that the Ileburger ruled over the castle. In the north was the area of the County of Brehna and the margraviate Lausitz , in the east part of the margraviate of Brandenburg , in the south was the margraviate of Meißen . Belonging to the County of Brehna has not yet been proven, but the coat of arms of the city of Liebenwerda with its three hearts is very similar to that of the Counts of Brehna. In 1330 a castle chapel is mentioned. In 1384 or 1387 the castle was owned by the Knights of Rammelshayn, who apparently imposed duties on traders and travelers and pleaded cities and other knights with feuds ; later such knights were also referred to as robber barons. With the help of a rifle guild founded in the city of Liebenwerda, this noble family was expelled.
It is documented that the widow of the Elector Albrecht III. the poor , Euphemia von Oels , moved into the castle as Wittum in 1420 . They initiated extensive construction work, during which the front lock was built by 1424. The Electoral Saxon Office of Liebenwerda moved into the front castle in 1440. After the death of Friedrich II , his widow Margaretha was awarded the castle and the city of Liebenwerda as Wittum by Austria .
Some buildings were destroyed in a fire around 1487 or 1490.
Castle chapel and its altars
Details of the shape and location of the chapel are not known. In 1504 the castle chapel had two altars. The older altar was donated by the Lord of Ileburg, the younger by the Office Hans Marggraue with the support of electors I. Johann Friedrich At the request of the bailiff had 1,505 on Sunday after Simonis and Juda pastor of Liebenwerda with all its priests and students for Vespers on Sing church mass evening. During the day the pastor should then sing and preach Holy Mass .
In 1505 the castle was well armed with guns and guns. On October 8, 1519, Martin Luther met the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz in Liebenwerda Castle for a conversation.
Liebenwerda Castle
In 1543 the Lubwart Tower was given a new hood. Elector August and his wife Anna arranged for it to be converted into a splendid Renaissance palace between 1568 and 1579.
The residents of the Wendish village of Stadtwinkel (Sorbian Rukow), west of the city of Liebenwerda, were, like other official villages, obliged to do compulsory labor in the castle. The town twinklers tended the vineyards, harvested the hay and made the beds in the castle at the request of the rulers. In contrast, the residents of Freiwinkel, the area around the castle in Schlossstrasse and Hainschen Strasse, were exempt from forced labor as ministerial officials.
In the 16th century, Liebenwerda Castle was used as a hunting lodge. During a three-week hunt by Johann Georg I in 1650, a total of 400 venison were caught. During a hunt by the then Elector Johann Georg III. up to 16 capercaillie were shot.
On July 9, 1699, the Lubwart Tower burned down after a lightning strike. Rapid intervention prevented a larger fire. In 1699 the Liebenwerda office was moved from the front lock to the rear lock. On April 26, 1733, the rear lock burned out, and the official archive was also destroyed. Due to the proximity to the city, this fire also devastated 28 houses, stables and three barns. In 1766, the rebuilding of the rear lock began. The Lubwart Tower, however, remained a fire ruin. During the Wars of Liberation in 1814/1815, the front lock served French soldiers as a hospital for around 150 wounded. Due to the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna , Liebenwerda changed into Prussian ownership.
In 1824, the carpenter Daniel Andreas Liebe bought the front lock from the Prussian state for 900 Thaler. Presumably after the facility was abandoned in 1815, the road in the direction of Elsterwerda ran through the castle grounds. Until then, travelers had to bypass the castle south on Hainstrasse or north on Luckauer Strasse (later Bahnhofstrasse). However, there were increasing problems at the gate passage in the pre-lock because wagons kept getting stuck. Therefore, the Prussian state was forced to buy back the gate passage of the front lock at the inflated price of 1400 thalers in order to demolish it in 1837.
Because loose stones kept falling from the Lubwart Tower, the upper stones of the tower were removed in 1830. The gate passage of the front lock was demolished in 1837. A detention house ( prison ) was built as a red brick building on the site of the former pre-lock . In 1888 there was a serious fire in the front lock in which five people lost their lives. The tragic circumstances of the death of the family of the district physicist Dr. Meyer and his maid moved the residents of Liebenwerda so much that a few days later the largest funeral procession in the history of the city with several hundred people took place. In 1890/1891 attempts were made to demolish the castle wall by hand, as even a battering ram could not destroy the thick wall.
Demands by some employees of the district court to demolish the Lubwart Tower in order to gain more light in the offices on the north side of the district court prevented Liebenwerda citizens under the leadership of district architect Jost. In 1907, in the magazine Schwarze Elster, Jost submitted the proposal to set up a museum in the remains of the palace complex. The tower was supposed to be part of a museum building. Jost won over the city of Liebenwerda for the idea of converting it into a lookout tower, whereupon the city bought the tower in 1913 for RM 1 per square meter of floor space, or 86 marks.
The outbreak of the First World War initially prevented this plan from being implemented. From 1916 the road through the palace complex no longer only ran north of the Lubwart Tower, but also south.
District builder Jost was able to start converting the Lubwart Tower into a lookout tower in 1928 after collecting enough donations and the city of Liebenwerda also taking on co-financing. The opening ceremony of the tower took place the following year. Jost had built a wooden staircase inside the tower. In 1930 further safety work was necessary in the upper part of the tower. The newly created tower room also got its current shape.
In the last days of the Second World War, the district court went up in flames after an arson attack. Many documents, including those on the city's history, were destroyed in the process. It was not until 1952/53 that the reconstruction of the courthouse began. After completion, the Bad Liebenwerda district court moved in. Karl Fitzkow opened the district museum in 1953 in the former residential building of the electoral suite. He also campaigned vehemently for the renovation of the facade of the Lubwart Tower. A lack of equipment and insufficient building capacity made renovation possible only in 1965. The tower dungeon was cleared in 1973 by the youth club of the district museum. In January 1970 around 4:00 a.m., a fire destroyed the castle mill, which was used as a granary. In 1975 construction work in the museum brought about medieval finds. In 1984 the northern ditch on the castle island was backfilled in order to remove the unpleasant smell of the spa clinic at the time.
Literature (selection)
- Georg A. Kuhlins: Castle and Castle Liebenwerda , District Museum Bad Liebenwerda 1976.
- Wolfgang Eckelmann, Michael Ziehlke: Chronicle of the city of Liebenwerda. Edited by Association for city marketing and business Bad Liebenwerda eV . Winklerdruck Gräfenhainichen, Bad Liebenwerda 2007.
- S. Kretzschmann, M. Ziehlke: Archive pictures Bad Liebenwerda. Sutton, Erfurt 2005, ISBN 3-89702-858-1
- Matthäus Karl Fitzkow : On the older history of the city of Liebenwerda and its district area . Ed .: District Museum Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1961.
- Matthäus Karl Fitzkow: City and district of Liebenwerda in the 19th century . Ed .: District Museum Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1962.
- Matthäus Karl Fitzkow: Museum of the Bad Liebenwerda district . Ed .: District Museum Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1967.
- Matthäus Karl Fitzkow: On the medieval history of the city of Liebenwerda . Ed .: District Museum Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1956.
Periodicals
- Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district. (series of books published in Liebenwerda since 1912)
- The black magpie. (local history series)
Individual evidence
- ^ F. Perthes: History of the Electoral States and Kingdom of Saxony , 1830, pp. 333–334
- ↑ Stadtwinkel parish register from 1646
- ↑ Wolfgang Eckelmann, Michael Ziehlke: chronicle of the city Liebenwerda. Edited by Association for city marketing and business Bad Liebenwerda eV . Winklerdruck GmbH Graefenhainichen, Bad Liebenwerda 2007.
- ↑ Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the Bad Liebenwerda volunteer fire brigade , p. 43, 1972, City Council
- ↑ Schwarze Elster No. 21 (598) p. 7/8 1985, Bad Liebenwerda district museum
Web links
- Liebenwerda Castle on Burgenwelt.org (German)