Schlossberg (Ralswiek)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Schlossberg
View from Lietzow in west direction to the Schlossberg, 2018

View from Lietzow in west direction to the Schlossberg, 2018

height 24  m
location Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany
Coordinates 54 ° 29 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 29 ′ 8 ″  E Coordinates: 54 ° 29 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 29 ′ 8 ″  E
Schlossberg (Ralswiek) (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
Schlossberg (Ralswiek)
Type former defense system

The Schlossberg near Ralswiek in the Bergen office on Rügen , Vorpommern-Rügen district is about 24  m above sea level. NN high hill of the Black Mountains, on the steep slope of which are the remains of a former, probably Bronze Age defense system.

Location and description

The Schlossberg is located about 3 km northeast of Ralswiek, at the northeastern end of the former end moraine that separates the Great from the Little Jasmunder Bodden . At the approximately 24 meter high steep drop on the back of the terminal moraine, the embankment stretches out in an arc shape over an area of ​​200 × 100 meters. The inside of the wall thus encloses an interior space of around 1.4 hectares. The main gate is located in the south of the complex in the direction of what is now the swampy depression that served as a former freshwater reservoir. Rising diagonally from southwest to northeast, a trough-shaped depression leads from the depression up the slope to the gate, in which the original access route probably ran. To the west of the access path a wall-like elevation runs down to the valley. The area enclosed between the hillside and the depression would have been an extensive and protected settlement or refuge area in front of the castle. A second, smaller gate is located in the western part of the castle wall, which formed the access to the higher moraine landscape. Finally, between these two gates there is a third entrance, on which today's path to the Schlossberg runs. It is likely to have been newly created and for economic use. Today the area is overgrown with a partially dense population of larch .

  • South-east entrance on the riverside path, view in north-west direction, 2018

  • Southern wall, view in west direction from the southeast entrance, 2018

  • North-west entrance on the riverside path, view in north-west direction, 2018

  • Northwestern wall at the northwestern entrance, view in southwestern direction, 2018

history

Around 1955 efforts to determine the age of the facility were unsuccessful. Due to a lack of finds, the artificial origin of the complex was even questioned and a sickle dune was assumed. An unfinished refuge castle was also suspected in connection with the Ralswiek trading post . During further investigations in the summer of 1983, Stone Age flint fragments and blades of the Ertebølle culture and Lietzow culture were found , as in the Augustenhofer lowland, which had already been examined and 500 meters south of the castle hill . According to this, members of this Mesolithic culture had walked and / or settled on the grounds of the Schlossberg between 3800 and 3200 BCE. Fire rubble was also found from former buildings or dwellings. The determination of the samples by means of the radiocarbon method (C14 dating) showed that the facility was used from the 3rd century AD. Z. up to the 10th century a. Z. The wall was built using plank wall shell construction. On the between the palisades heaped Wall ran approximately centrally another palisade wall. The plant was burned down. Due to the existing earth material, the former wall height without palisades is assumed to be around 2–2.5 meters. In front of the front of the rampart was a 4–5 meter wide berm , which was held in place by a wooden slope. The relatively low height can be explained in connection with the partly sloping terrain. In the northwest, where there is a plateau in front of the wall, the embankment was thicker. The shell construction used on the wall was widely used in the early Middle Ages, in the provincial Roman, in the Franconian, in the East Slavic-Baltic, as well as in the Sorbian area on the Elbe and Saale. If building remains have also been found, permanent use of the castle wall is rather unlikely, also due to the sparse ceramic finds. On the other hand, a settlement on a slope is possible, as z. B. in Helgö in the Mälar area in Sweden. The ceramic remains found as well as the appearance of the gate are pre-Slavic. This dating, as well as the pollen analysis carried out in the nearby Augustenhofer lowlands , indicates that the Schlossberg was formed in the 5th or 6th century at the latest. Z. out. It is very likely that the system was built to control the strait that used to exist here between the Great and Small Jasmunder Bodden. According to Herrmann, the Schlossberg could be a Germanic rampart built by the Rugians from the migration period . However, more recent findings make this theory rather improbable. Due to a settlement from the period 1800–600 BC, which is documented to the west. Knapp suspects a Bronze Age refuge in the Schlossberg.

and display information about the image
The Schlossberg near Ralswiek on the northeastern steep slope of the Black Mountains, measuring table sheet 1: 25,000 from 1936

literature

  • Nils Petzholdt: Rügen's pre-Slavic castle complexes In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 1/2016, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 4–13. or Nils Petzholdt: Rügen's vorwendische Wehranlagen In: Stralsund booklets for history, culture and everyday life, Stralsund 2016, ISBN 978-3-95872-039-8 , pp. 97-107.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Joachim Herrmann : Ralswiek on Rügen, The Slavic-Viking settlements and their hinterland. Part II - Kultplatz, Boot 4, Hof, Propstei, Mühlenberg, Schloßberg and Rugard - Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Volume 33, Lübstorf 1998, p. 147.
  2. ^ A b Elsbeth Lange , Lebrecht Jeschke and Hans Dieter Knapp: Ralswiek and Rügen, Landscape Development and Settlement History of the Baltic Sea Island, Part I - The Landscape History of the Island of Rügen since the Late Glacial, in Writings on Prehistory and Early History, Volume 38, Berlin 1986, p 83-85.
  3. ↑ Peter Herfert : Ralswiek - a prehistoric maritime trading center on the island of Rügen, in: Greifswald-Stralsunder Jahrbuch 10th year, Weimar 1972/73, p. 20 f.
  4. ^ Bernhard Gramsch : Ralswiek and Lietzow. In: Archeology in the German Democratic Republic. Volume 2, Stuttgart 1989, p. 354.
  5. ^ Hansjürgen Brachmann : The early medieval fortifications in Central Europe. Investigations into its development and function in the Germanic-German area. (= Writings on Prehistory and Early History. ), Volume 45, Berlin 1993, p. 43 ff.
  6. ^ Pëtr Nikolaevič Tret'jakov, Evgenij Al'fredovič Šmidt: Drevnie gorodišča Smolenščiny, Moscow 1963, p. 38, p. 148 f.
  7. ↑ Joachim Herrmann : Similarities and differences in the castle building of the Slavic tribes west of the Oder. In: Journal of Archeology. Issue 1, Heidelberg, Berlin 1967, pp. 206-258.
  8. ↑ Birgit Arrhenius: Continuity and discontinuity at Helgö, in: Thirteen Studies on Helgö, The Museum of National Antiquities Stockholm, Study 7, Stockholm 1988, pp. 24-30.
  9. ^ Horst Keiling : New finds from the district of Schwerin from the late imperial and migration period. In: Archaeological Reports and Information - Excavations and Finds. Volume 24, No. 3, Berlin 1979, pp. 135-141.
  10. ↑ Heike Riemann, Fred Ruchhöft , Cornelia Willich: Rügen im Mittelalter, Stuttgart 2011, pp. 42–49.
  11. ↑ Hans Dieter Knapp: Rügen's story from its beginnings to the present in five parts, part 1: Rügen's early history, Putbus 2008, p. 119.