Schrenk's spruce
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Schrenk's spruce ( Picea schrenkiana ) |
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| Picea schrenkiana | ||||||||||||
| Fish. & CA Mey. |
Schrenk's spruce ( Picea schrenkiana ), also Tien Shan spruce , is a species from the pine family (Pinaceae) and is native to the mountains of Central Asia. It is named after the naturalist Alexander von Schrenk .
description
Schrenk's spruce grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 60 meters and diameters of up to 2 meters at chest height . The crown is cylindrical or approximately pyramidal in shape. The dull brown trunk bark peels off in thick pieces. The hairy or hairless bark of the hanging branches is initially yellow to yellowish-gray and turns dark gray into the second year.
The brownish-yellow winter buds are conical to egg-shaped and slightly resinous. The straight or slightly curved needles are 2 to 3.5 centimeters long and about 0.15 centimeters wide and have a linear-quadrangular shape and a broad, diamond-shaped cross-section. Its tip is pointed. There are four to six stomatal lines on the top of the needle and five to eight on the bottom of the needle .
Schrenks spruce is single-sexed ( monoecious ) and the flowering period extends from May to June. The cones are elliptical-cylindrical to cylindrical in shape with a length of 6 to 11.3 centimeters and a thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. They are initially green or purple in color and turn brown towards maturity in September or October and may have a purple hue. The seed scales have a rounded tip, are triangular to obovate and are 1.2 to 2 inches long and 1 to 1.8 inches wide. The elliptical seeds are 3 to 4 millimeters long and have an obovate wing, which is 12 to 13 millimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and location
The natural distribution area of Schrenk's spruce is in the Tian Shan Mountains. It extends there from the Chinese Xinjiang to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan . In Kyrgyzstan, the species is found in the mountains around the Naryn River . There are also isolated occurrences in the Pamir Mountains and in southern Xinjiang.
Schrenks spruce thrives at altitudes of 1200 to 3500 meters. The species grows mainly in mountains, along ravines and on northern slopes.
Picea schrenkiana is classified as “not endangered” in the IUCN Red List . It is pointed out, however, that a new review of the hazard is necessary.
use
The wood from Schrenks spruce is used as construction wood , for the production of aircraft, machines and masts as well as for the production of pulp . Are from the bark tannins won. The species is also planted as an ornamental wood and for reforestation of forests.
Systematics
Picea schrenkiana is assigned to the subgenus Picea , the section Picea , the subsection Picea and the series Smithianae within the genus of the spruce trees ( Picea ) .
It was first described as Picea schrenkiana in 1842 by Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer and Carl Anton von Meyer in Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg , Volume 10, page 253. Synonyms for Picea schrenkiana fish. & CA Mey. are Abies schrenkiana (Fisch. & CA Mey.) Lindl. & Gord. , Picea obovata var. Schrenkiana (Fisch. & CA Mey.) Carrière , Picea orientalis var. Longifolia Ledeb. and Picea robertii Vipper .
The species is divided into up to two subspecies:
- Picea schrenkiana subsp. schrenkiana is the nominate form , it occurs in Kazakhstan.
- Picea schrenkiana subsp. tianschanica (Rupr.) Bykov occurs in the mountains around the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan as far as Xizang . The basionym of this subspecies is Picea tianschanica Rupr.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Picea schrenkiana. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 28, 2012, accessed May 30, 2013 (English).
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea schrenkiana , pp. 27 (English, Picea schrenkiana - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Picea schrenkiana. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 28, 2012, accessed May 30, 2013 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea schrenkiana , pp. 27 (English, Picea schrenkiana - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
- ↑ a b c d Picea schrenkiana at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 1, 2016.
- ↑ Picea schrenkiana in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed May 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Picea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 15, 2019.
