Scaly stem bovist
| Scaly stem bovist | ||||||||||
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Scaly stem bovist ( Tulostoma squamosum ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Tulostoma squamosum | ||||||||||
| ( JF Gmelin : Pers. ) Pers. |
The scaly stem bovist ( Tulostoma squamosum ) is considered to be a type of mushroom from the mushroom relatives family.
features
Macroscopic features
Like all stem buds, the scaly stem buds have a stalked fruiting body . The shiny and scaly stem is up to 55 mm long and 4 mm thick. It is dark brown to cinnamon in color, sometimes with a reddish hue and becomes slimmer towards the tip. The spherical head is up to 15 mm wide and therefore quite small compared to the rather long handle. The outer shell, the exo peridia, is thin-skinned and falls off in small pieces. It is mostly dark, but sometimes also pink-white like the teat-stem bovist . The inner shell, the endoperidia, is yellowish to copper-colored or even ocher-orange and smooth. The spore mouth is short cylindrical with a lighter colored peristome . The base of the head is separated from the stem with an irregularly torn membrane. The gleba is light ocher to light rust-colored.
Microscopic features
The spherical spores are yellowish brown with a pattern of coarse spines that are occasionally connected to form short ribs. They are 5.4 to 6.5 × 4.7 to 5.8 µm in size. They have a distinct apiculus . The scalp is branched and septate with thick-walled threads. The lumen is visible to gaps, the oblique septa are not or only slightly swollen.
ecology
The species occurs in dry grassland on sandy, limestone and gypsum soils, in robinia forests and in alpine silver root stocks .
distribution
The very rare Scaly Stielbovist is common in South Africa, the Caucasus and Eastern Siberia. In Europe, it occurs in southern and western Europe, from the Mediterranean to Belgium, southern Sweden and Lithuania. He is also known from North America.
The red list of large mushrooms in Germany lists the species as critically endangered (endangerment category 1).
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jorge E. Wright: The Genus Tulostoma / Gasteromycetes: A World Monograph . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . tape 2 . Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd, 1987, ISBN 3-443-59014-4 , pp. 338 ( accessed from mycobank on May 3, 2015 ).
- ↑ Editor: Rote Liste Zentrum: Detail page - Rote Liste. Retrieved March 29, 2020 .
