Sleeper works Kirchseeon

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Water tower and operational building of the sleeper factory

The Kirchseeon sleeper factory was a factory for the manufacture of railway sleepers in the Upper Bavarian municipality of Kirchseeon . The plant went into operation in 1869 for the construction of the Munich – Rosenheim railway line and contributed significantly to the upswing of Kirchseeon. In 1958, the sleeper factory was closed by the Deutsche Bundesbahn and, after being used temporarily by Fiat , lies fallow. The former company building from 1895 and the water tower from 1903 have been preserved and are under monument protection .

location

The sleeper plant extended over a length of about one kilometer south of the Munich – Rosenheim railway line . At its widest point, the work extended from the route about 250 meters to the southwest. Kirchseeon train station is located directly north of the plant on the railway line . When it opened, the plant was located in the middle of the forest about 2.5 kilometers southeast of Eglharting and 1.5 kilometers west of the old village center of Kirchseeon. The new center of Kirchseeon ( Kirchseeon-Bahnhof ) is north of the plant on the other side of the railway line. The plant was connected to the town via two level crossings in the north-west and south-east head of the station. The sleeper workers' settlement from 1905 was located north of the railway line, directly at the north-western level crossing. The factory premises border the forest on its southwest side. The Ebersberger Forest , used for the delivery of wood, begins around 500 meters northeast of the plant on the other side of the Kirchseeon area.

history

Opening and construction

Old kyanization hall from 1869 to 1910

On May 13, 1868, the Bavarian government decided to build the Munich – Rosenheim railway line . For the production of the required railway sleepers, a separate sleeper factory was to be built on the route, for which a location in the east of the municipality of Eglharting was selected due to the proximity to the Ebersberger Forest . In 1868 the Royal Bavarian Railway Administration acquired a 35- day works site south of the railway line under construction, which was located in the forest between the villages of Eglharting and Kirchseeon. The existing spruce forests were cleared in autumn 1868 and the building site leveled by 1869. To supply the plant with water, the railway administration first built a 30 meter deep well with a pumping station. As of spring 1869 were a Kyanisierhalle with sublimate hut for impregnation of the sleepers with a steam saw and a gate built. In addition, an administration building with an office and two apartments, a blacksmith's shop, a carpenter's shop, a guard and a tool shed as well as extensive track systems were built. To connect the sleeper plant to the rail network, the section from Munich to Kirchseeon was completed in 1869 so that it could be used by material trains. In mid-1869, the Royal Bavarian State Railways put the plant into operation as the Royal Impregnation Institute in Kirchseeon . On October 15, 1871, the Munich – Rosenheim railway line with the Kirchseeon station directly north of the plant was finally opened.

In the previously uninhabited area around the factory and the train station, the Kirchseeon-Station settlement was built , which was initially mainly inhabited by railway workers and was later given the name Kirchseeon-Bahnhof . Initially, the plant mainly processed spruce wood from the Ebersberg Forest, which was brought in with horse-drawn vehicles. However, the spruce turned out to be unsuitable for the production of sleepers and increasingly pine wood was delivered from more distant regions by rail via the company's own siding. In the following years, the production figures of the sleeper plant increased, in 1880 the plant produced 161,750 sleepers.

Uptime and expansions

From 1889 to 1892 large parts of the Ebersberg Forest were eaten bald by the nun's caterpillars. To transport the wood, a forest railway was built , which led from the forest to the Kirchseeon train station and the sleeper factory. The Bavarian State Railways expanded the sleeper factory in order to be able to process the rapidly increasing wood supply. The factory's sawmill was expanded to five gates and three additional private sawmills were built on the railway site. This led to an economic upswing for Kirchseeon. Due to the increase in the number of workers at the plant, the Kirchseeon-Bahnhof settlement became the largest town in the Eglharting community.

Water tower of the sleeper factory

From November 1902 to 1903, the Bavarian State Railways built a 27-meter-high water tower above the plant's well shaft. Between 1902 and 1910, the three private sawmills were shut down again and instead the railway's own sawmill was enlarged again. From 1905 to 1906, the workers at the plant had their own housing estate north of the Munich – Rosenheim railway line, which consisted of seven houses along Koloniestraße. In the 1900s, Josef Bleibinhaus, head of the plant since 1894, developed a new impregnation process for sleepers. As a result, the Kirchseeon sleeper plant gained international fame and in 1907 was officially designated as a sleeper plant inspection . From January 1, 1909 to January 31, 1914, Albert Gollwitzer was director of the sleeper factory inspection.

In 1910 the previous kyanization hall from 1869 was decommissioned and replaced by a larger kyanization facility with two halls. The northern hall was used for watering turnout sleepers, the southern hall for watering track sleepers. Instead of the toxic mercury sublimate in the first system, the new kyanization system initially used zinc chloride and later coal tar oil to impregnate the sleepers. In the 1920s, the Deutsche Reichsbahn converted the sawmill and the loading systems of the sleeper factory to electrical machines.

In the 1930s, the Deutsche Reichsbahn built a second sawing hall, so that a total of eight gates were now available to meet the increased need for sleepers. During the Second World War , the plant was hit by fire bombs in an air raid in 1944 . The old sawing hall was completely destroyed, so that the plant lost half of its efficiency.

After the end of the war, sawing capacity was urgently needed not only for the construction of sleepers, but also for the reconstruction of the destroyed buildings in the area. In the autumn of 1947, therefore, plans were made to build a new sawing hall on the factory premises. Construction work began in December 1947 and the new hall was completed on October 15, 1948. However, since the special machines required were not available, the sawing hall could not fully start operating until 1950. When it opened, the sawmill was considered one of the most modern in Europe.

Decommissioning and reuse

At the beginning of the 1950s, the Deutsche Bundesbahn planned to expand the sleeper factory by around 24,000 square meters to the south and set up a modern kyanization system and new drying areas there. However, these plans were no longer realized. As the operation became increasingly unprofitable, the German Federal Railroad decided in 1953 to shut down the sleeper plant. In 1958 she ceased operations at the plant. In the end, 200 people were still employed in the plant, who were transferred to other areas with the appointment.

In 1964, the car manufacturer Fiat took over the 170,000 square meter site from the Deutsche Bundesbahn. When the repair and delivery warehouse for Fiat and Iveco vehicles was set up, the sleeper works were completely demolished except for the operations building and the water tower. Fiat continued to use the existing siding on the factory premises to deliver vehicles. 1982 Fiat dissolved the distribution center again; since then the site has been fallow.

Due to the use of environmentally hazardous substances such as mercury sublimate and coal tar oil to impregnate the sleepers, the soil and groundwater on the former factory premises are heavily polluted. The District Office Ebersberg signed a contract for the redevelopment of the site on 2 February 2,001th In September 2005, a groundwater purification system was put into operation south of Kirchseeon train station, which pumped a total of 4.7 tons of tar oil from the groundwater by 2016. In addition to groundwater purification, 10.7 tons of pure tar oil and 6.7 kilograms of mercury were also disposed of from the site between 2005 and 2016 .

Buildings

Operations building and water tower

The former company and administration building is located in the middle of the factory premises. The building, erected around 1895, is a two-storey building with a gable roof , to which a single-storey extension with a pent roof adjoins to the northwest . The building has arched window openings that are provided with rusticated supports on the upper and attic floors . The building is divided by a cornice between the first and second floors . The listed building is now empty and in poor condition.

The water tower of the sleeper works is located directly north of the company building . It was designed by the architects Rank Brothers and built from 1902 to 1903 by the Held & Francke construction company over the existing well shaft. The five-story tower is 27 meters high and has an octagonal floor plan. It is made in reinforced concrete skeleton construction , the gaps are filled with exposed brick masonry. The cantilevered fifth floor is 15 meters high with the water room , above which the octagonal tent roof sits. Until a community-owned well was built in 1952, the tower not only supplied the sleeper works but also the houses at Kirchseeon-Bahnhof with water. In 1986 the SPD Kirchseeon rented the listed water tower and renovated it until 1987. The tower was used as a meeting place for the population and for cultural events and was henceforth known as the Red Tower . In 1993 the water tower was closed for further use due to the soil contamination of the site and has been empty since then.

See also

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Korhammer, Armin Franzke, Ernst Rudolph: The hub of the south. Munich railway junction . Ed .: Peter Lisson . Hestra-Verlag, Darmstadt 1991, ISBN 3-7771-0236-9 , p. 128-130 .

Web links

Commons : Schwellwerk Kirchseeon  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Markt Kirchseeon: the hour of birth - development of today's center. In: kirchseeon.de , accessed on September 27, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b c Gerhard Betz: Kirchseeon sleeper works. In: wasser-ist-leben.org , 1995, accessed on September 27, 2019.
  3. ↑ Korhammer, Franzke, Rudolph hub of the South . 1991, p. 128-129 .
  4. ↑ Markt Kirchseeon: Economic upturn. In: kirchseeon.de , accessed on September 27, 2019.
  5. ↑ a b List of monuments for Kirchseeon (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, accessed on September 27, 2019.
  6. ↑ Korhammer, Franzke, Rudolph hub of the South . 1991, p. 129-130 .
  7. ↑ Joachim Lilla : Gollwitzer, Albert. In: Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online , November 25, 2015, accessed on September 27, 2019.
  8. ↑ Markt Kirchseeon: Survey on the market. In: kirchseeon.de , accessed on September 27, 2019.
  9. ↑ a b Korhammer, Franzke, Rudolph: Turntable of the South . 1991, p. 130 .
  10. ^ Werner Hubert: Auto-Ort Kirchseeon. In: Münchner Merkur , November 17, 2010, accessed on June 4, 2017.
  11. ↑ District Office Ebersberg: Contaminated site "Former railway sleeper factory" in Kirchseeon ( Memento from June 6, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). In: lra-ebe.de .
  12. ↑ Wieland Bögel: Former railway sleeper factory - the task of the century. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 27, 2016, accessed on June 6, 2017.
  13. ↑ Horst Reinelt: Kirchseeon water tower. In: mpics.teamone.de , October 22, 2006, accessed on September 27, 2019.
  14. ↑ SPD Kirchseeon: 100 years of SPD Kirchseeon: 1903-2003 (PDF, 1.90 MB). In: spd-kirchseeon.de , November 2003, accessed on June 6, 2017.

Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ 13.9 ″  N , 11 ° 53 ′ 5.6 ″  E