Ebersberger Forest
With Ebersberg Forest is a wooded area is about 20 km east to 30 of Munich in the district of Ebersberg referred, which consists of the unincorporated areas Anzinger forestry , Ebersberg Forest and Eglhartinger forest composed and in the Munich region by far the largest contiguous forest area. It serves as a recreational area for the greater Munich area.
location and size
With an area of around 90 km², the Ebersberger Forest is one of the largest contiguous forest areas in Germany that is not interrupted by any settlement. 77 km² of the area is owned by the Free State of Bavaria , the rest is municipal and private property. The forest borders on the following cities and communities, starting in the south: Ebersberg , Kirchseeon , Zorneding , Vaterstetten (district Purfing ), Anzing , Forstinning , Hohenlinden and Steinhöring . The Ebersberg Forest divides the district of Ebersberg into a southern and a northern part, which differ from one another in terms of both landscape and settlement. This can also be seen linguistically in the local names for the district residents southeast ("Innerhoizer") and northwest of the forest ("Draußerhoizer"), both from the point of view of the district town of Ebersberg.
In the north and west it lies on the Munich gravel plain and merges into the Bavarian terminal moraine landscape with the nature reserve Egglburger See in the southeast . The highest elevation is the Ludwigshöhe in the southeast near Ebersberg with 617 m, on it there is a 36 m high observation tower and the Ebersberg Forest and Environment Museum . From the observation tower you have a very good view of the northern Alps from the Salzburg Alps to the Wetterstein Mountains, weather permitting .
The area is part of the Ebersberg forest district based in Ebersberg, which also looks after the Ebersberg wildlife park . The wildlife park is a fenced area of almost 50 km², which takes up the western half of the forest, with a further separated game rest zone.
structure
The forest area is divided into 14 state forest districts, which are numbered with ascending Roman numerals . They are also designated by field names because they are also hallways . They are in turn subdivided into divisions, which are only identified by ascending natural numbers and which correspond to parcels . The parcel numbers of the parcels in the land register are different from the department numbers. Most of the paths and cleared areas in the area are based on the boundaries of these parcels .
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Ebersberger Forst area free of parish |
Anzinger Forst area free of parish |
Eglhartinger Forst area free of parish |
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Enclaves
The Ebersberger Forest , which consists of the three adjoining community-free areas, encloses several small enclaves that belong to neighboring communities. This includes:
- Forsthaus Diana (community Kirchseeon , district Eglhartinger Forst, state forest district XII Eglhartinger Forst, two parts of the area separated by the Reitöster area)
- Forsthaus Hubertus (Ebersberg municipality, divided into two districts: Anzinger Forst / State Forest District III chapel north of Purfinger-Geräum , and Eglhartinger Forest / State Forest District X Antonibrunnen)
- Hohenlindener Sauschütt (State Forest District I Forst Hohenlinden, exclave of the community Hohenlinden , district Forst Ebersberg)
- Anzinger Sauschütt (State Forest District VIII Fichten, former exclave of the municipality of Anzing, now part of the municipality-free area of Anzinger Forst)
Transport links
The Ebersberger Forst can be reached via the S-Bahn lines S2 (stations Poing and Markt Schwaben with bus lines to Ebersberg) and S4 (stations Zorneding, Eglharting, Kirchseeon and Ebersberg), as well as via the A 94 , the B 12 and the B 304 from Munich to reach. The state roads Ebersberg – Forstinning ( 2080 ), Ebersberg – Hohenlinden and the gravel road Ebersberg – Anzing run through the forest .
The forest is mainly accessed by straight gravel roads in a west-east and north-south direction. Only the routes and the paths within the game rest zone do not correspond to this pattern. Of the 210 kilometers of forest roads, 150 kilometers are regularly maintained. H. Every five to six years a new gravel cover is laid . Otherwise, the foresters push gravel from the roadside back into the middle five times a year.
After the nun caterpillar infestation, a forest railway was built in the Ebersberg Forest within ten weeks to remove the dead wood in 1890 . The result was an eight-kilometer line in standard gauge that connected the forest with Kirchseeon station on the Munich – Rosenheim railway line . There were five loading points along the route, one of which was equipped with a steam-powered loading crane. In addition to the standard gauge line, fixed narrow-gauge tracks with a length of 35 kilometers were laid through the forest. In addition, there were a further 35 kilometers of flying tracks , which were transported to the necessary locations with horse-drawn vehicles as required. Every day, 77 railcars, each with 10 tons of wood, were sent to Kirchseeon station on the standard-gauge railway. There, part of the wood was used by the Kirchseeon sleeper works and the rest was transported on the main route. During the entire campaign, 45,000 wagons transported a total of 450,000 tons of wood. After the end of the transport, the tracks of the forest railway were dismantled and some of them were reused by the Spiegelau forest railway .
history
Originally part of the primeval forest belt between Inn and Isar, the area became a wilderness forest in the Middle Ages . In the 13th century, the Benedictine abbot of the Ebersberg monastery issued the "Forst-Weistum", one of the oldest German forest regulations. The western part of the forest was electoral at that time , the eastern part remained in monastic ownership until secularization . Despite this and the following ordinances to protect the forest, it was still plundered.
In the middle of the 18th century, the grids, which are still characteristic today, were laid out on paths cleared in winter. These carry spaces as an addition to their name, e.g. B. Hetzplatz cleared .
In the 17th and 18th centuries, forestry withdrew in favor of hunting, the game population increased sharply at this time and the grazing game caused great damage to the surrounding fields. Therefore, in 1817, the forest area was declared a wildlife park and fenced in with an oak fence. At the beginning of the 19th century, the still formative spruce monocultures were created, which provide a high wood yield, but are not very robust against environmental influences.
The forest suffered severe damage in 1890 and 1894 by the nun's caterpillars ( Lymantria monacha ), which in 1890 devoured almost half of the forest. During this time, the butterflies flew to the Munich beer gardens. In a contemporary report it says: “The butterfly flight during the main swarming season was tremendous. Especially in the bald-eaten stands it resembled a snowstorm ” . The pine moth ( Bupalus piniaria ) caused great damage in the years 1892 and 1893, and storms and hail continued to hit the forest. The subsequent afforestation of the huge bare areas took almost forty years.
After the Second World War, the fence of the wildlife park in the east was moved back to the Ebersberg-Forstinning state road. This gave the fenced-off western part its current size of around 4,989 ha.
In the 1960s, the Bavarian state government applied for the location of the large international proton accelerator of CERN on a quarter of the area of the Ebersberg Forest. After violent protests from the population, this plan was abandoned; the accelerator ultimately came to Geneva. The forest was later discussed as a location for the new construction of Munich's major airport , but the choice fell on the Erdinger Moos .
In 1990 the hurricanes Vivian and Wiebke left large bare areas.
The Ebersberger Forst also became known through the urban legend of the “ white woman from Ebersberg”. In the vicinity of the “ Hubertus Chapel ” on State Road 2080 between Ebersberg and Schwaberwegen , accidents are said to occur again and again. Passers-by would see strange lights in the chapel and a ghostly hitchhiker would like to be taken, allegedly the ghost of a young woman who died not far in a hit-and-run accident.
fauna and Flora
The Ebersberger Forest is a protected landscape area, a protected forest and in the area of the southeastern terminal moraine chain of hills also an FFH protected area .
The central areas of the Ebersberg Forest often consist of spruce monocultures , the edge areas and the terminal moraines in the southeast are characterized by species-rich mixed oak and beech forests. Due to the storm calamities in the 1990s and climate change, the conversion into a mixed forest is being promoted by the Bavarian State Forests, especially in the undulating moraine area in the southeast, with pines , larches , firs , beeches , oaks , linden trees and other deciduous tree species.
In addition to large growth areas, there are several meadows, some of which are surrounded by wild fruit trees. Besides the habitat for game (wild boar, red deer), the ecological value is given by the meadows and the forest edges on the wide gravel paths. These habitats are particularly valuable for insects such as butterflies , grasshoppers and dragonflies , which in turn serve as food for other animals, especially small mammals and birds .
Present function
The easy accessibility and the proximity to Munich have made the Ebersberger Forst one of the most popular local recreation destinations for Munich residents. Important excursion destinations are the Ebersberg observation tower (reinforced concrete structure from 1914, renovated in 1991/1992), the Forest and Environment Museum with the affiliated Nature Experience Path of the Ebersberger Forest environmental station and the two managed forest houses St. Hubertus (near Ebersberg) and Hohenlindener Sauschütt with forest nature trail and Rot- , fallow deer and wild boar enclosure .
Since 2011 there has been a lot of discussion about wind turbines in the Ebersberger Forest.
The Ebersberger Forest was also reported as a tax haven , because letterbox companies have settled here due to the low trade tax rate .
literature
- U. Ammer, M. Weidenbach, M. Beer, Y.-H. Hwang: Landscape and recreational planning development study for the wildlife parks in Ebersberger Forst and In Forstenrieder Park . Link to the report, 1999.
- Rainer Beck: Ebersberg or the end of the wilderness. A landscape story . C. H. Beck, Munich 2003.
- Kurt Mantel : History of the Ebersberg Forest . 105 p., In Max Wopfner: The Wind Throw 1920 in the Breitenthal Forestry Office and the reforestation . Cartographic institute of the Ministerial Forestry Department and Manz Verlag, Munich 1930.
Web links
- Forest districts in the district of Ebersberg ( page no longer available ) at the Office for Agriculture and Forests Ebersberg
- Internet presence of the Ebersberg Forest and Environment Museum
- Private site about the Ebersberger Forest
supporting documents
- House of Bavarian History - Issue 27: Bavaria's Forests. 250 years of the Bavarian State Forestry Administration (PDF file; 3.65 MB).
- Bavarian Forest Association - The medical history of the forest in Bavaria. ( Page no longer available )
Individual evidence
- ^ Korbinian Eisenberger: Shift work. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 26, 2017, p. R7 (Ebersberg district)
- ↑ Klaus-Dieter Korhammer, Armin Franzke, Ernst Rudolph: Turntable of the South. Munich railway junction . Ed .: Peter Lisson . Hestra-Verlag, Darmstadt 1991, ISBN 3-7771-0236-9 , p. 129-130 .
- ^ Main line Spiegelau – Mauth on bdyg.homepage.t-online.de, accessed on June 4, 2017.
- ^ The White Woman from the Ebersberger Forest , Süddeutsche Zeitung, January 6, 2017
- ↑ 48 ° 7 '36.4 " N , 11 ° 56' 39.2" E
- ↑ Barbara Mooser: Six wind turbines over the tops of the forest , Süddeutsche Zeitung, March 25, 2011.
- ↑ Greens: clearing is acceptable . In: https://www.merkur.de . August 23, 2018 ( merkur.de [accessed September 5, 2018]).
- ↑ br.de: Panama in the Ebersberger Forst ( Memento from December 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ merkur.de: Panama is also available in Bavaria: The tax haven in the forest
Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 40 ″ N , 11 ° 58 ′ 40 ″ E