Schwerfurter meat breed

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The Schwerfurter meat breed was a (synthetic) pig breed newly bred in the GDR .

The name is derived from the former districts of Schwerin and Erfurt , where the breeding farms involved were located.

Ideal model of the Schwerfurt meat breed
Young ber of the Schwerfurt meat breed from Gut Vogelsang (Mecklenburg), 1986

features

The meat breed from Schwerfurt was medium-sized, of medium length, with a very good leg and medium-sized floppy ears; the color white with irregular black spots. The spotting decreased in later generations. The litter size in pure breeding was about 1 piglet smaller than in the mother breeds.

history

The breed was conceived by the New Breeding Working Group (Head: Gunther Nitzsche ) of the WTZ for Pig Production in Ruhlsdorf and scientifically supported until it was recognized. The starting breeds were Pietrain (Pi, imported from Belgium and Schleswig-Holstein in 1969/70, entered into VEG Tierzucht Nordhausen), Lacombe (La, imported from Canada in 1970, entered into VEG Tierzucht Vogelsang) and later the Belgian Landrace (BL, as Genre reserve further bred in VEG Tierzucht Neuenhagen near Berlin). As a first step, with the Pietrain pigs (in Nordhausen) Pietrain boar with Lacombe sows (in the district Schwerin) or Lacombe Boar crossed and then mated in itself. In the next step, BL and BLPi boars were used. Their offspring were mated again and resulted in the line F 150, which emphasized the beef-based approach. Male products of this line - licensed in the Central Boar Rearing Stations (ZEA) - were used as insemination or covering boars for a new father breed in the production stage (production of fattening piglets). Line F 150 was recognized in 1986 (after more than 10 generations of self-breeding) as a Schwerfurter meat breed (SF). The boars of this breed had genetic proportions of 25% Lacombe and 35-40% each of Pietrain and Belgian landrace. They covered almost 40 percent of matings in the GDR.

In 1975 there was another breed variant: Hampshire x Pietrain and reciprocal . The F1 boars showed a high level of superiority in terms of fitness and sperm production characteristics. There were major splits in the further mating for themselves, and the later use of Belgian landrace and Duroc (Du) could not improve the new breed line F 151. On December 31, 1989 a total of 4142 herd-book sows of the Schwerfurt meat breed were counted.

In 1988, the superiority in meat content compared to the mother breeds was about two percentage points. That was too little for the market conditions in the Federal Republic. With the opening of the market on July 1, 1990, the newly founded pig breeding associations of the new federal states took over the programs of the other breeding organizations. The final stage partner for the production of fattening piglets was predominantly Pietrain boars. This breed was about 10 percentage points above the results of the Schwerfurter meat breed in terms of lean meat content. An attempt to improve the latter by crossing pure-bred Pietrain berries (“extra meat line”) immediately brought 5–6 percentage points higher results in terms of meat content and, in the direction of “white Pietrain”, even very good approaches to ensuring better stress stability and thus reducing losses in the Pig production. However, the two sponsoring companies stopped their breeding work, so that by 1994 - after almost 25 years - there were no more herdbooks of the Schwerfurter meat breed in Germany.

See also: List of Pig Breeds and List of Abbreviations (GDR)

literature

  • W. Frederich: Results of the implementation of the breeding program 1976 to 1980 in the field of pig breeding. In: Animal Breeding. 35. 1981,6, pp. 244-246.
  • J. Fritzsche, H. Lietzau, M. Ehlich: Two new pig breeds in the GDR - contribution to increasing the effectiveness of hybrid pig production. In: Animal Breeding. 40. 1986, 5, pp. 241-242.
  • J. Fritzsche, G. Nitzsche: Two new pig breeds in the GDR. In: Int. Zschr. D. Agriculture. 1988, pp. 410-412.
  • G. Nitzsche among others: Concept for the breeding of an F-line (father line). In: Forsch.-Ber. of the WTZ Ruhlsdorf. 1970.
  • G. Nitzsche et al: Reasons for the recognition of the best breeding variant of line 150. In: Forsch.-Ber. WTZ Ruhlsdorf. 1974.
  • G. Nitzsche: Results of the new breed of line 150. In: Tierzucht. 29. 1975, pp. 199-201.
  • G. Nitzsche et al: Breeding methodology of synthetic lines emphasizing the meat set, derived from the breeding of line 150.
  • 1st communication: breeding program, reproduction and production efficiency. In: Archive Tierz. 24. 1981, pp. 141-152.
  • 2nd communication: performance test, selection and production effectiveness. In: Archive Tierz. 24. 1981, pp. 197-209.
  • 3rd communication: Results of the combination aptitude test and status of genetic consolidation. In: Archive Tierz. 24. 1981, pp. 387-400.
  • G. Nitzsche, H. Lietzau, K. Heinecke: Methodology and results of a new meat-based father population. In: Archive Tierz. 31. 1988, pp. 469-477.
  • G. Nitzsche, T. Paulke: Breeding an extra meat line in pigs. In: Forsch.-Ber. WTZ Ruhlsdorf. 1990.
  • Hermann Redel: Results from the test program to determine the combination suitability of different pig populations. Dissertation . Berlin 1976.
  • Hartmut Boettcher : The development of pig breeding in Thuringia. In: 4. History booklet of the Thuringian State Agency for Agriculture, 1997, pp. 47–80.
  • H. Pfeiffer: Pig breeding. In: Animal breeding in the GDR and in the new federal states. DGfZ series of publications, special issue 1, 2007, ISSN  0949-8842 , pp. 339–448.
  • Annual reports of VEB Tierzucht Erfurt 1971 to 1989, self-published.
  • Thuringian breeding reports 1990 to 1993, publisher Thuringian State Administration Office Weimar and Thuringian State Office for Agriculture Jena.
  • Annual reports of the Central Association of German Pig Production (ZDS) for the years 1991 to 1994.

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