Marmosets
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Silver monkey ( Mico argentata ) |
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| Lesson , 1840 |
The Marmoset or marmosets ( Mico ) are a genus of marmosets (Callitrichidae). They are small primates that live in the Amazon basin . There are around 14 different types.
description
Marmosets reach a head body length of 18 to 30 centimeters, the tail is up to 40 centimeters long, and their weight is around 300 to 470 grams. Their fur is fine and silky, its color varies depending on the species from white to gray to dark brown and black. Sometimes the back of the trunk, limbs, or tail are contrasting colored. The tail is longer than the body, it is bushy and cannot be used as a pronging tail. The face is hairless and often colored flesh-colored or gray. In some species the large ears protrude from the fur, in others there are tufts of ears. As with all marmosets, the fingers and toes (with the exception of the big toe) have claws instead of nails.
distribution and habitat
Marmosets inhabit the Amazon basin and can only be found south of the Rio Madeira and the Amazon . Most species are only found in Brazil , only the black-tailed marmoset also lives in eastern Bolivia and in the far north of Paraguay . The habitat of these animals are tropical forests; they are often to be found in areas with dense undergrowth such as secondary forests or on the edges of forests .
Way of life
Like all marmosets, marmosets are diurnal; at night they sleep in thickets of plants or in tree hollows. They are tree dwellers, there they either walk or jump on all fours.
They live in groups of 4 to 15 animals. These are mostly extended family groups organized around a fertile couple. Groups inhabit areas of 10 to 40 hectares , which they defend against conspecifics.
Like all marmosets, marmosets are able to gnaw holes in the tree bark thanks to their specialized teeth in order to get to the tree sap. This food plays a role especially in times when there are few fruits and seeds - another important source of food -. Another part of the diet are insects and spiders, sometimes they also consume eggs and small vertebrates.
Usually only the dominant female in a group will breed. The gestation period is around 130 to 150 days, twin births predominate. The father and the other group members participate intensively in the rearing of the young, they carry the young and occupy themselves with them and give them to the mother only to suckle.
Systematics
14 species of marmosets ( Mico ) are known, which are listed here in the order of their geographical distribution from the northeast (Amazonian estuary) to the southwest (border area Bolivia / Brazil):
- Silver monkey ( Mico argentatus ), yellow
- White marmoset ( Mico leucippe ), pink
- Brown marmoset ( Mico emiliae ), white
- White-shouldered marmoset ( Mico humeralifer ), light blue
- Maués marmoset ( Mico mauesi ), dark green
- Mico munduruku , beige
- Sateré marmosets ( Mico saterei ), red
- Acari marmoset ( Mico acariensis ), purple
- Yellow and white marmoset ( Mico chrysoleucus ), gray
- Marca marmoset ( Mico marcai ), brown
- Black-headed marmoset ( Mico nigriceps ), orange
- Rondonia marmoset ( Mico rondoni ), burgundy
- Aripuanã marmoset ( Mico intermedius ), light green
- Black-tailed marmoset ( Mico melanurus ), dark blue
Phylogenetic system of the marmosets according to Costa-Araújo et al. (2019):
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There are also other species that have not yet been scientifically described .
The Pygmy Marmoset (genus Cebuella ) and the black Crown Marmoset (genus Calli Bella ) are guided in separate genera. Together with the marmosets ( Callithrix ) they form the group of marmosets .
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3rd 2013, ISBN 978-8496553897
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Rodrigo Costa-Araújo, Fabiano R. de Melo, Gustavo Rodrigues Canale, Sandra M. Hernández-Rangel, Mariluce Rezende Messias, Rogério Vieira Rossi, Felipe E. Silva, Maria Nazareth Ferreira da Silva, Stephen D. Nash, Jean P. Boubli, Izeni Pires Farias and Tomas Hrbek. 2019. The Munduruku Marmoset: A New Monkey Species from southern Amazonia. PeerJ. 7: e7019. DOI: 10.7717 / peerj.7019
