Zugspitze cable car
| Zugspitze cable car | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Location: |
Eibsee near Grainau BY D 
|
| Mountains: | Wetterstein Mountains , Alps |
| Overall length: | 4,467 m |
| Height difference: | 1,945 m 998 m 2,943 m |
| Valley station: | 47 ° 27 '24 " N , 10 ° 59' 31.9" E |
| Mountain station: | 47 ° 25 ′ 16.5 " N , 10 ° 59 ′ 8.1" E |
| journey | |
| Duration : | 10 mins |
| Speed : | 10.6 m / s |
| Transport performance : | 580 people / h |
| background | |
| Owner : |
Bayerische Zugspitzbahn Bergbahn AG, Garmisch-Partenkirchen Bavaria , Germany |
| Opening: | December 21, 2017 |
| Contact: | zugspitze.de |
The Zugspitze cable car is a cable car between the valley station at the Eibsee and the mountain station at the Zugspitze summit . With almost 2000 m of all aerial tramways in the world, it overcomes the greatest difference in altitude within a section. The operator is the Bayerische Zugspitzbahn Bergbahn AG (BZB), a subsidiary of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen municipal works . The lift replaces the Eibsee cable car (also eibsee cable car or Eibseebahn ), which until April 2, 2017 led to almost the same route to the summit.
history
Since the low transport capacity of the old Eibsee cable car sometimes led to long waiting times, a new building was considered in 2008.
This was finally decided in 2012, with costs of 30 million euros expected.
In order to impair the operation of the old cable car as little as possible, the new one was planned to be slightly offset.
In the valley, work began in autumn 2014. The last run of the previous train took place on April 2, 2017, as planned. The steel column with a weight of 420 tons was completed on July 16, 2017. The opening of the new lift took place on December 21, 2017. The final cost of the construction project was estimated at 50 million euros.
During an emergency drill on September 12, 2018, an unoccupied cabin was damaged and people were not harmed. The affected cabin was replaced by a completely new building and operations resumed on December 21, 2018.
description
Like the Eibsee cable car, the Zugspitze cable car is an aerial tramway . The most important innovation are the two cabins for 120 people each and a passenger attendant. They are expected to eliminate long waiting times. They are glazed all the way down to the floor and have a window heater to ensure an unrestricted view at all times.
Like its predecessor, it has the world's largest height difference in a section of 1945 meters.
It only has one cable car pillar , which at 127 m is the highest steel pendulum pillar in the world and the tallest cable car pillar in Europe. With an inclined length of the cable car of 4467 m, this results in what is currently the longest span of all cable cars at 3213 m.
The mountain station is a new building made of steel and especially glass, which protrudes up to 25 m over the northern flank of the Zugspitze .
The cable car manufacturer is Doppelmayr / Garaventa .
Technical details
The cabins manufactured by CWA Constructions have an empty weight of 4.2 tonnes each, excluding hangers and roller batteries, which each weigh around 7 tonnes.
Each of the two cabins rolls on 12 rollers per suspension cable, so a total of 24 rollers.
The two suspension ropes in each car have a diameter of 72 mm. These four fully locked ropes are, unlike usual, firmly anchored in both the valley and mountain stations. In both stations, they are wrapped around massive bollards several meters in diameter that are set in concrete in the station building. In the mountain station, they are each combined with a rope reel on which the rope reserve is stored for future shifting of the suspension ropes. The ropes manufactured by Fatzer in Romanshorn weigh 153 tons each. Each rope was transported to the valley station on two cable drums from two special low-loaders connected by a long pole . This load distribution enabled problem-free transport without reinforcing bridges and largely without road closures in ongoing traffic. In the core of the suspension cables there is a fiber optic cable for data transmission from the valley to the mountain station. 210 individual wires are incorporated into a rope. The suspension rope diameter is 72 mm, the minimum breaking force 5960 kN, the theoretical breaking load 6772 kN, which corresponds to approx. 690 t.
An upper pulling rope with a diameter of 47 mm connects the drives of the two cabins. A lower cable with a diameter of 41 mm connects them on the valley side and is connected to the two drive motors in the valley station, each of which has a nominal output of 900 kW .
As long as both cabins are in the free rope area, the cable car is slightly faster than the old one at 10.6 m / s; However, since the rope radius at the support is only 26 meters, the speed must be reduced to 8.5 m / s when crossing the support. Since the support is not in the middle of the route, the speed must be reduced twice per trip. The old Eibsee cable car, on the other hand, was allowed to be operated at 10 m / s over the entire length of the route - including in the support area. The travel time of the Zugspitze cable car is around 9 minutes. It has a transport capacity of 580 people per hour.
The distance between the two lanes is 10 meters at the valley station and widens to 18.5 meters at the support before narrowing again to 12 meters at the mountain station.
Each of the two lanes has 21 rope riders , with the eastern lane 15 rope riders above and 6 rope riders below the support. On the western lane there are 14 rope riders above and 7 rope riders below the support. The cabin crossing takes place one kilometer above the support between rope riders 5 and 6 - counted from the support. Each rope rider has a mass of around 200 kg. The rope riders essentially have three different tasks:
- Prevention of pull-over ropes
- Keeping the spacing of the suspension cables constant within a carriageway
- Improvement of the wind stability.
Thanks to the rope rider, it can also be operated at cross wind speeds of up to 100 km / h.
In order to create more space for boarding passengers, the new system, in contrast to the old Eibsee cable car, has a movable platform in the valley station. Since both cabins run in opposite directions, the platform protrudes into the clearance profile of the cabin that is not currently in the valley station. If the car that runs on the western lane leaves the valley station, the pushing process begins as soon as the car has reached half of the route. Since the sliding process takes about two minutes, the clearance profile of the eastern cabin in the valley station is cleared as soon as the cabin is around 1000 m away from the valley station. However, if the eastern cabin is going uphill, the platform will begin to slide as soon as the cabin has completely left the area of the valley station. The reason for the asymmetry lies in the fact that the goods are loaded from the east side and thus three minutes are available for the provision of goods that are to be transported to the summit in the western cabin on the next trip.
Since the power supply on the summit requires more effort than in the valley, the drive is located in the valley station, although from a cable car point of view the drive in the mountain station is more advantageous. In order to achieve the necessary driving ability, a double drive (2 × 900 kW) with two drive pulleys was chosen. Since a wrap angle of 180 degrees is not sufficient due to the insufficient traction in the valley station, the traction cable is first guided to the drive pulley 2 after passing over the drive pulley 1, in order to be guided again to the drive pulley 2 after being returned to the drive pulley 1. As a result, the wrap angle over both drive pulleys is a total of 540 degrees (90 + 180 + 180 + 90). This measure ensures that the necessary driving ability is achieved in the valley station. Basically, both drive units are in use in normal operation, with each of the two drives taking on about half of the operational work. If one of the two drives fails, the train can continue to operate with a reduced payload. The emergency drives are only used after a simultaneous failure of both main drives.
In order to extend the service life of the suspension ropes, they are approx. 4900 m long and more than 400 m longer than the route. In addition to the increased length due to the wrapping of the suspension cable anchors, there are around 300 meters of reserve available, which are located in the mountain station. Approximately every 10 to 12 years, around 40 m of this reserve is unwound and the suspension cable is moved downwards. As a result, the suspension cable areas that are now on the cable shoes in the mountain station, on the support or in the valley station slide into the free cable fields, where the stress is significantly lower than on the cable shoes. Other areas of the suspension rope that were previously in the open rope field are then placed on the rope shoes. The service life can be extended to approx. 50 to 70 years, depending on the operating program, thanks to the more even loading of the suspension cable areas.
The pull ropes, on the other hand, have to be completely replaced every 10 to 12 years, depending on the operating program of the Zugspitze cable car. On average, the Zugspitze cable car runs around 30 to 35 times a day. Less the revision times, it is in operation on approx. 350 days a year, so that around 10,500 to 12,000 journeys are expected per calendar year. Given the size of the pulleys on the Zugspitze cable car, a pull rope has a service life of approx. 700,000 bending cycles until it is discarded, with half a bending cycle being defined as the forced bending of the pull rope on the guide pulleys from straight to bent or from bent to straight is, d. H. guiding the pull rope over a rope rider does not count as a bending change in the narrower sense. In order to get from track 1 to track 2 in the valley station, 6 bend changes are required on the Zugspitze cable car. There is one bending change per lane on the lane deflection pulleys, which lead the cable within the valley station from level +1 to level −1, and a total of 4 bending changes with the 540 degree looping over both drive pulleys on level −1. With around 10,500 to 12,000 journeys per year, this results in around 63,000 to 72,000 bending cycles, from which the predicted service life can be estimated. Since there is no drive in the mountain station and therefore there is no need to return the upper pulling rope via the pulleys, there are only 4 bending changes when changing lanes in the mountain station, so that the lower pulling rope, which is guided through the valley station, is used to estimate the service life is decisive. In order to minimize the overhaul times of the cable car and to use synergy effects, both traction cables, i.e. the upper and lower, are usually replaced at the same time.
See also
Web links
- Construction diary of the new cable car on the website of the operating company
- Cable car construction of the records - the new Eibseebahn to the Zugspitze. W for knowledge from September 2, 2017 (TV documentary)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Project overview of the Zugspitze cable car. (No longer available online.) In: Zugspitze.de. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017 ; accessed on December 21, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ New construction of the Eibsee cable car after the World Ski Championships. In: Merkur.de. October 27, 2008, accessed December 21, 2017 .
- ↑ For 30 million: New cable car also at the Eibsee! In: Merkur.de. July 15, 2013, accessed December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Today the time has come: The new Zugspitze cable car goes into operation. In: Merkur.de. December 21, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017 .
- ↑ First step towards the new Eibsee cable car. In: Merkur.de. August 12, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2017 .
- ↑ This is the view from the new Eibsee-Bahn. In: Merkur.de , accessed on November 22, 2014
- ↑ Last ride of the Eibsee-Bahn to the Zugspitze. In: br.de
- ↑ Eibsee cable car: a marvel of technology. In: Merkur.de
- ↑ Cable car to the Zugspitze: The world's highest steel pillar is in place. In: orf.at , July 17, 2017
- ↑ After an accident at the Zugspitzbahn: Cable car runs again. Merkur.de, March 7, 2019.
- ↑ New Zugspitz cable car out of service for an indefinite period. Spiegel Online, September 13, 2018.
- ↑ Website information for the Bavarian Zugspitzbahn
- ↑ Zugspitze Cable Car | In operation again from December 21, 2018. In: www.zugspitze.de. Retrieved December 21, 2018 .
- ↑ Construction diary cable car Zugspitze - cable riders & cable car cabins are installed
- ↑ Construction diary - drives mounted
- ↑ Construction diary - rope riders & cable car cabins are installed
- ↑ 157 tons of fully locked suspension cable for the new Zugspitze cable car on the road , video on YouTube by Fatzer
- ↑ Looking inside the rope . In: vdi-nachrichten.com . September 28, 2017 ( vdi-nachrichten.com [accessed October 11, 2018]).
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