Sergei Alexejewitsch Lebedew

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Lebedev Monument in Kiev

Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev ( Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev ), Russian Сергей Алексеевич Лебедев , (born October 20 . Jul / 2. November  1902 greg. In Nizhny Novgorod , † 3. July 1974 in Moscow ) was a Russian electrical engineer and computer pioneer.

Life

His parents were teachers. From 1924 to April 1928 he studied electrical engineering at the Moscow Higher Technical School (MHTS). After that he worked until 1946 at the Electrotechnical All Union Institute , which Karl Krug had founded seven years earlier. He was interested in high voltage technology and the regulation of supply networks.

In 1939 he earned his doctorate with the development of a theory for the artificial stability of electrical systems.

During the Second World War he worked on the automatic control of complex systems. His group developed an aiming device for tanks and a navigation system for missiles. To carry out this work he developed an analog computer for solving differential equations until 1945 .

As his wife Alissa Grigoryevna recalled, in the first months of the war, while Moscow was in the dark for air protection , he sat in the bathroom and scribbled "ones" and "zeros" in the glow of the gas boiler.

In 1945 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and in 1946 he became the director of the Electrotechnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kiev . For his further improvements in the stability of electrical systems, he received the Stalin Prize in 1950 .

Lebedev had learned from foreign magazines that western countries were working on the development of electronic computers. In the autumn of 1948 he then directed the work of his laboratory towards building his own electronic calculating machine. On November 6, 1950, the MESM ( Malaya Elektronnaya Schetnaya Mashina , Small Electronic Calculator) with around 6,000 electron tubes was put into operation for the first time. Their performance was 50 arithmetic operations per second (RpS).

Bashir Ramejew (Strela) and Isaak Bruk (M-1) were pursuing similar projects independently of one another in the Soviet Union .

In mid-1951 Lebedev became director of the newly established department for digital computers at the Moscow Institute of Mechanics and Computational Technology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . There he began work on the BESM-1 ( Bystrodeystvuyushchaya Elektronnaya Schetnaya Mashina , Fast Electronic Adding Machine), which was completed in 1952. Her performance was 1,000 RpS. For the time being, however, it was not produced in series because the Ministry of Mechanical Engineering and Instrument Construction had developed its own machine. Only the BESM-2, a further development of the BESM-1 with now 8,000 RpS, was allowed to go into series production in 1958. This was u. a. used to calculate satellite orbits and the calculation for the orbit to the moon. In the following years Lebedew developed computers of the M series (from 1957) and the BESM-6 (1965, approx. 1,000,000 RpS), which u. a. was involved in the Apollo Soyuz test project and was in production until 1984.

In 1952 Lebedev became a professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology . From 1953 he was director of the Moscow Institute for Mechanics and Computing Technology (as the successor to MA Lavrentjew ) - today the institute bears Lebedev's name. In 1970, already ill and no longer at the institute, he received the Order of Lenin .

Lebedev is buried in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery . In 1996 he received the IEEE Computer Society's Computer Pioneer Award posthumously .

honors and awards

Sergei Lebedev received:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.weka.de/datenschutz/3363564-Y29udGVudF9pZD00NjcwMjEy-~fachservice~lexikon~lexikon_detail.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.weka.de  
  2. ↑ Trogemann, Nitussov and Ernst (ed.), Computing in Russia - The History of Computer Devices and Information Technology revealed. Braunschweig / Wiesbaden, 2001.
  3. ↑ Website of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine - Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev ( Memento of the original from December 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 1, 2016 (Ukrainian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nas.gov.ua
  4. ↑ Ibid.
  5. ↑ Ibid.
  6. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 21, 2013 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed June 4, 2012). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.computer.org
  7. ^ Biography of Sergei Lebedew. Retrieved August 15, 2018 (Russian).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Lebedew, Sergei Alexejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lebedev, Sergei Alekseyevich; Лебедев, Сергей Алексеевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian computer technician
DATE OF BIRTH November 2, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Nizhny Novgorod
DATE OF DEATH 3rd July 1974
Place of death Moscow