Sergei Wladilenowitsch Kiriyenko

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Kirijenko at the World Economic Forum 2000 in Davos.

Sergei Wladilenowitsch Kirijenko ( Russian Сергей Владиленович Кириенко ; born July 26, 1962 in Sukhumi , Georgian SSR ) is a Russian politician. At the age of 35, Kiriyenko was Prime Minister of Russia from April to August 1998 and was considered a young reformer in Boris Yeltsin's government . From November 2005 to October 2016 he was head of the Federal Atomic Energy Agency of Russia . Since October 2016 he has been appointed deputy head of the presidential administration by Vladimir Putin .

Life

education

Kirijenko's Jewish father, with the surname Israitel , taught political economy and philosophy at the Institute for Water Transport in Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod ). The first name of his father Wladilen (hence Kirijenko's father name Wladilenowitsch) was originally a Soviet artificial name, composed of the parts of the name of Vladimir Lenin . Kiriyenko later took his mother's Ukrainian surname for career reasons. He spent his youth in Gorki - armaments center and " closed city " (only accessible with special permission). Kiriyenko trained as a shipbuilding engineer at the Institute for Water Transport . From 1984 to 1986 he did his military service in the Soviet Army .

Since 1986 Kirijenko worked in Gorky as an engineer at the Krasnoye Sormowo shipyard .

politics

In 1986, in the same year, Kiriyenko entered the CPSU and politics. In 1987 he became the Komsomol secretary of his company, regional secretary of the party youth organization and a deputy in the provincial Soviet.

During the perestroika period , Kiriyenko switched to the private sector and between 1991 and 1993 completed a second degree at the Aganbegyan Academy of Finance in Moscow. After completing his studies, Kiriyenko returned to Nizhny Novgorod, where the young governor Boris Nemtsov opened the city to the outside world. Kiriyenko financed the petroleum refinery NORSI with his newly founded financial institute Garantija , which he then headed as director since 1996.

Energy minister

In 1997, the Russian President appointed Yeltsin Nemtsov as Energy Minister and First Deputy Prime Minister. Nemtsov appointed Kiriyenko as his deputy, but was replaced by Kiriyenko as energy minister in the same year.

Prime Minister

Due to internal power struggles, Yeltsin dismissed the government of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin on March 23, 1998, alleging that he had not tackled the country's economic and political problems with enough vigor. Chernomyrdin was traded as a competitor and possible successor to Yeltsin in the presidency. Yeltsin appointed the hitherto largely unknown 35-year Energy Minister (for seven months in office) to Kiriyenko io Prime Minister ( ispolnjajuschtschi objasannosti or interim incumbent ). Kiriyenko was rejected on April 10, 1998 (143: 186 votes, "too inexperienced", intimate of the radical reformer Nemtsov) and again on April 17 (115: 271 votes) by the parliament, the Duma . On April 24, however, the Duma confirmed Kiriyenko as Prime Minister (251: 25 votes) after the threat of the constitutional dissolution of parliament and the call for new elections after the candidate had been rejected three times.

The Russian Prime Minister has relatively little power, he only makes his decisions "in accordance with the presidential decrees" (Article 113, Constitution of Russia ) and is mainly responsible for a uniform financial, credit and monetary policy. Kiriyenko stuck to the austerity course taken by Chernomyrdin (inflation control), but parliament demanded more money for social programs. Kiriyenko did not support much of the parliament, which was dominated by nationalists (“people's power”) and communists ( KPRF ). Kiriyenko had no domestic power in the Kremlin and had neither penetrative power nor allies and reliable clans in parliament. One reason for this was the fact that parliament was actually forced during the prime ministerial election. Structural reform was impossible under these conditions. The young prime minister was nicknamed " Kinder-Surprise " by the people. Above all, Kiriyenko was unable to assert himself against the powerful financial oligarchs .

Russian crisis

When Kiriyenko took office, the Russian state had a high budget deficit, high domestic debt and suffered from a payment crisis. The government has had a great need for short-term credit to fill the budget gaps. In the aftermath of the turmoil of the Asian crisis in autumn 1997, many domestic investors reacted nervously, which is why there was a massive outflow of capital. As a result, the currency, the ruble , came under so much pressure that in mid-August 1998 there was a sharp drop in prices on the Moscow stock exchange , which ultimately led to the so-called Russian crisis. Kirijenko's attempts to fight the financial crisis through tough austerity measures were largely prevented by parliament. On August 17, the Kiriyenko government widened the ruble's dollar corridor, resulting in a de facto devaluation of the currency. In addition, the repayment of private foreign debt was suspended for 90 days and the servicing of short-term government bonds was suspended.

On August 23, Yeltsin surprisingly dismissed Kiriyenko from office. This was justified by the fact that Kiriyenko had not solved the economic problems and decided to devalue the ruble. Yeltsin said he had issued the dismissal in the interests of stability and continuity. Kiriyenko had previously declared in parliament that Russia was at the beginning of a financial crisis, whereupon prices on the financial markets collapsed worldwide. With the dismissal of Kiriyenko, Yeltsin saved his own post, but was considered ailing.

Yeltsin appointed Kiriyenko's predecessor Chernomyrdin as acting prime minister. Chernomyrdin was not accepted by the Duma, however, so that the Foreign Minister Primakov was elected as the new Prime Minister on September 11th.

Kiriyenko, who had called on the large state-owned companies to pay back taxes, was deposed not least at the instigation of the oligarchs Berezovsky and Gussinsky , whose banks were to be checked and some of the raw materials companies to be declared bankrupt. The financial and commodity magnates also saw their monopoly positions threatened in Kirijenko's stabilization program.

Alliance of Right Forces

In 1999, when he was elected mayor of the city of Moscow, Kiriyenko was the candidate of the incumbent Yuri Luzhkov .

After the murder of the Petersburg MP Galina Starowoitova at the end of November 1998, reform politicians Kiriyenko, Nemtsov, Chubais and Gaidar tried to join forces. Before the parliamentary elections in 1999, Kiriyenko ("New Force") founded the reform-oriented electoral list Union of Right Forces (SPS ) with ex-prime ministers Nemtsov and Chubais , which had 29 seats and 8.5% of the votes in the elections.

Federal district

On May 13, 2000, President Putin reorganized the country's structure and introduced seven so-called federation districts to better control the provincial governors . Kiriyenko was appointed governor general and plenipotentiary representative of the president of the Volga Federal District , the federal district of his hometown , by Putin .

Ministry of Atomic Energy

Kiriyenko with President Dmitry Medvedev in May 2010 at the construction site of the Leningrad II nuclear power plant

Putin dismissed Kiriyenko as governor general on November 15, 2005, and appointed him director of the Federal Agency for Atomic Energy of Russia Rosatom . Kirijenko is responsible for nuclear power plants, nuclear waste storage and nuclear weapons.

Kiriyenko warned of a new energy crisis in Russia and advocated the construction of 40 new nuclear reactors by 2030. The share of nuclear power would be increased from 17 to 25%.

In negotiations on Iran's nuclear program and on joint uranium enrichment in Russia, Kirijenko traveled to Tehran for talks at the end of February 2006. He also visited the Bushehr nuclear power plant , which is being built with Russian help.

Family and hobbies

Kiriyenko is married to a doctor and has three children. His hobbies include diving and aikido , he is chairman of the Russian Aikido Federation and (together with Yuri Trutnew ) also co-chairman of the Russian Martial Arts Association (Российский союз боевых искусств).

literature

Web links

Commons : Sergei Wladilenowitsch Kirijenko  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual proof

  1. ^ The Irish Times: Oil and banking fuel the rise of Russian risk-taker
personal data
SURNAME Kiriyenko, Sergei Wladilenowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Кириенко, Сергей Владиленович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian politician
DATE OF BIRTH July 26, 1962
PLACE OF BIRTH Sukhumi , Georgian SSR