Green millet

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Green millet
Green millet (Setaria viridis)

Green millet ( Setaria viridis )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Panicoideae
Genre : Bristle millet ( Setaria )
Type : Green millet
Scientific name
Setaria viridis
( L. ) P.Beauv.

The green millet ( Setaria viridis ) is a plant that belongs to the genus of the millet ( Setaria ) and thus to the sweet grasses (Poaceae).

description

The green millet grows as an herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 50 cm. Your stalks are kinky ascending. The leaves are green with a pale or purple central vein and bare. The ligula forms a ring of hair.

The flower spike appears smooth when stroking upwards, it is compact and not interrupted. The bristles are 5 to 10 mm long, soft, thin, green, later tinged with purple. The lemmas of the upper florets are smooth or weakly structured, the upper glume is as long as the lemma.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Green millet ( Setaria viridis )

Typical characteristics

The plant appears bright green in the youth stage, more reddish in color in the adult stage. Without ligule, but with a wreath of fine, long eyelash hairs.

Young plant

Strong, quickly growing up; Leaf sheath mostly pressed flat, with a hairline.

Straws

The stalk is very thin and not hairy. At the end of the stalk it rises very kinky.

leaves

Quite long, bald; youngest leaf rolled; no ligule , but a wreath of fine, long eyelash hairs; without auricles. Leaf blade glabrous and pointed, leaf sheath mostly flattened and with a hairline.

blossoms

Spikelets single-flowered, at the base with a long, rough, green or greenish-yellow bristle covering. In full development, long pseudo-spikes protrude above the top leaf.

Heyday

Summer-early autumn

distribution

The green millet is native to Eurasia, Africa and Australia and is a neophyte in America.

Location

The green millet is found quite often in weed communities in lower elevations, especially in hackers, vineyards and gardens, also on rubble and on paths. It prefers loose, base-rich and fairly nitrogen-rich, well-aerated soils. It thrives particularly well on limestone and sandy loam soils that are fertilized. According to Ellenberg , it is a semi-light plant, prefers nitrogen-rich locations and is a class character of the ruderal societies and related arable and garden weed societies (Chenopodietea).

Main germination time

Germinates from spring and early summer. The bristle millet is a warmth germinator and needs at least 15 ° C as a germination temperature minimum.

ecology

The green millet is annual , summer annual , a C4 plant , a warmth germ and an archaeophyte . It is partly through corn - herbicides encouraged as they have a similar resistance against triazines has as corn. The flowers are windy , of the "long-dust thread type". It is a panicle grass, but the individual panicle branches do not have flowers, but are transformed into jagged, rough bristles. The fruits are caryopses . They fall off at maturity with the spikelet . They are used as animal spreaders and as wind spreaders. A spread through humans also takes place ( cultural companion ). Finally, spread via the crop of pigeons was also observed. Fruit ripening from August.

meaning

Widespread. The millet quickly forms a dense carpet, which is noticeable in the fields in terms of competition for nutrients and water and can reduce the yield of a field. It is the wild form of the millet .

photos

  • Stem with leaves: the leaf sheath has a hairline at the edge, the leaf blade is glabrous.

  • Panicle with densely packed spikelets and purple bristles.

  • The main axis of the panicle is pubescent with additional short, stiff hairs.

  • The spikelets sit on branched branches on the panicle axis. The bristle cover of a spikelet consists of 1–3 bristles with spiky hairs pointing upwards.

  • At the base of a spikelet there is a lower (Glu '= gluma) and an upper glume (Glu "). The upper glume is about as long as the upper hardened and slightly wrinkled lemma (Lem" = lemma).

literature

  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 267.
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Setaria viridis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed May 31, 2020.
  3. ↑ "The green bristle millet (Setaria viridis) is the wild form of Setaria italica ." Peer Schilperoord: Cultivated plants in Switzerland: Millet ̶ Panicum, Setaria, Sorghum , p. 9

Web links

Commons : Green millet  album with pictures, videos and audio files