Shannan

Tibetan name
Tibetan script : ལྷོ་ ཁ་ ས་ཁུལ་
Wylie transliteration : lho kha sa khul
Official transcription of the PRCh : Lhoka
THDL transcription : Lhokha
Other spellings: -
Chinese name
Traditional : 山南地區
Simplified : 山南地区
Pinyin : Shannan Diqu

Location of Lhokha (yellow) in Tibet (light gray)

Shannan ( Chinese name of the Tibetan Lhoka ) is a Chinese administrative district in the south of the Tibet Autonomous Region . It has an area of 79,699 km² and around 320,000 inhabitants (2002).

history

According to legend, four million years ago the ancestors of today's Tibetans settled in the valley of Yarlung Tsangpo ( Brahmaputra ). According to legend, a place near Tsethang is considered to be the first cultivated field in Tibet and Yumbu Lagang in the same area is considered to be the first building in Tibet. In the middle of the 7th century AD, Songtsen Gampo began his campaign to conquer the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. An irrigation system was introduced, the use of the plow and draft animals spread, so that Shannan became the breadbasket of Tibet. A palace for Princess Jincheng was built in Nêdong, the ruins of which have been preserved to this day. The Tibetan kings were buried in Qonggyai. The collapse of the Tibetan Kingdom was followed by a period of fragmentation, wars and famine. In 1253 the Mongol Yuan dynasty unified Tibet under their rule and Nêdong became a center of the Pagzhu sect ; the kings of Nêdong ruled over Tibet for 262 years. During the reign of the Kashag (until 1951 and 1959) the most important feudal lords owned goods in Shannan. During the first few years after the 1959 uprising, Shannan's agricultural and industrial production rose 9% annually; grain production has quadrupled.

Prior to 1959, 39.5% of the land in Shannan was owned by the monasteries, 30.9% belonged to the Lhasa government and 29.6% to the aristocracy.

Conflict with India

Parts of the circle Cona and the south of the district Lhünzê in the district of Shannan and parts of circles Medog and Zayu of the district of Nyingchi are claimed by the Chinese government as part of its territory, but are de facto under the control of India , where these areas for State Arunachal Pradesh are counted.

The conflict goes back to the Shimla Convention of 1914 and led to an Indo-Chinese border war in October / November 1962 .

Important places

Lhasa Airport is located in Gonggar County .

The Samye (Tib .: bsam yas) monastery is located in Chanang County and is considered to be the first Buddhist monastery in Tibet.

The tombs of Tibetan kings are located in Qonggyai County .

Thradrug Monastery is located in Nêdong County .

Administrative structure

Surname	Tibetan	Wylie	Chinese	Pinyin
Chanang County	གྲ་ ནང་ རྫོང་	gra nang rdzong	扎囊县	Zhānáng Xiàn
Comai district	མཚོ་ སམད་ རྫོང་	mtsho smad rdzong	措美县	Cuòměi Xiàn
Cona County	མཚོ་ སྣ་ རྫོང་	mtsho sna rdzong	错那县	Cuònà Xiàn
Gonggar County	གོང་ དཀར་ རྫོང་	gong dkar rdzong	贡嘎县	Gònggā Xiàn
Gyaca County	རྒྱ་ ཚ་ རྫོང་	rgya tsha rdzong	加查县	Jiāchá Xiàn
Lhozhag district	ལྷོ་ བྲག་ རྫོང་	lho brag rdzong	洛扎县	Luòzhā Xiàn
circle Lhünzê	ལྷུན་ རྩེ་ རྫོང་	lhun rtse rdzong	隆子县	Lóngzǐ Xiàn
Nagarzê County	སྣ་ དཀར་ རྩེ་ རྫོང་	sna dkar rtse rdzong	浪卡子县	Làngkǎzǐ Xiàn
circle Nedong	སྣེ་ གདོང་ རྫོང་	sne gdong rdzong	乃东县	Nǎidōng Xiàn
circle Qonggyai	འཕྱོངས་ རྒྱས་ རྫོང་	'phyongs rgyas rdzong	琼结县	Qióngjié Xiàn
Qusum County	ཆུ་ གསུམ་ རྫོང་	chu gsum rdzong	曲松县	Qūsōng Xiàn
Sangri County	ཟངས་ རི་ རྫོང་	zangs ri rdzong	桑日县	Sāngrì Xiàn

literature

Róng Zhànduī 绒占堆: Shānnán山南 (Beijing, Wǔzhōu chuánbō chūbǎnshè 五洲传播出版社 2000), ISBN 7-80113-398-6 .

Web links

Footnotes

↑ Lhoka in History ( China Tibet Information Center )
↑ Shakya Tsering: The Dragon in the Land of Snows. A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 (New York, Penguin 2000), p. 252.

28.556111111111 92.556666666667Coordinates: 28 ° 33 ' N , 92 ° 33' E

[1] Lhoka in History ( China Tibet Information Center )

[2] Shakya Tsering: The Dragon in the Land of Snows. A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 (New York, Penguin 2000), p. 252.