New Year's Eve
A New Year's Eve Clause ( Swiss German : New Year's Eve Clause ) is a masked person who maintains the custom of the New Year's Eve Clause. The turn of the year is celebrated in this way in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden .
time
The turn of the year is celebrated twice in certain communities in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, once according to the Gregorian calendar on December 31st and once according to the Julian calendar on January 13th ( New Year's Eve ). On these days, the New Year's Eve chaps go from house to house with their bells in sheds (small groups) singing and "tugging" ( singing a natural yodel ) to wish everyone a good year. If December 31st or January 13th falls on a Sunday, the day before will be celebrated.
history
Chlausen is mentioned in writing for the first time in 1663: The church authorities resisted the noisy walking around at night. According to the client book in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden , Chlausen was punished with a fine of five thalers from 1776 to 1808 . As a result, the custom only survived in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. Nevertheless, even in Innerrhoden until around 1900, cheating was more or less “hidden” on a small scale or “tacitly tolerated” by the respective district authorities.
At that time, this mainly happened in the areas near the border with Appenzell Ausserrhoden, for example in Haslen , which is surrounded on three sides by the Ausserrhoder communities of Hundwil , Stein , Teufen and Bühler , or in Gonten in the border area with Urnäsch and Hundwil. In the past, there were also some single chlice on the move. Cantonal as well as confessional mixed "Schuppel" with Chläusen from Ausserrhoden and Innerrhoden have always existed and the canton / religious affiliation no longer play a serious role today. Rather, these circumstances are used as a basis for mutual little taunts, which, however, work without an ideological background.
Today it is assumed that the Chlausen has no pagan origin, but goes back to a late medieval custom of monastery students in northern France. In the 15th century the hustle and bustle of Advent is said to have become more and more wild and at night, which the church did not like. It is possible that Chlausen was therefore moved from Advent to New Year's Eve .
shape
Due to their external appearance, three different types of New Year's Eve are distinguished; the beautiful (beautiful), the Schö-Wüeschte (beautiful-ugly) and the Wüeschte (ugly).
- The beautiful have elaborately and richly decorated headgear, so-called hoods, with scenes from everyday rural life, local customs, handicrafts, special buildings, sports, or family life, which are made by hand in hundreds of hours of leisure time. They wear clothing similar to traditional costume .
- The Schö-Wüeschte have a costume made of fir branches, moss and other natural materials and headgear, which is a similar shape to the beautiful one , but is decorated with natural materials. This intermediate form has only existed since the 1960s.
- The Wüeschte wear a costume made of the same materials as the Schö-Wüeschte , but these costumes are much coarser and bulkier in their appearance. On the head of the Wüeschte there is a beautifully made hat or a helmet that has a wild appearance.
At all New Year's Eve the faces are hidden behind a larva ( mask ), which either look lovely and doll-faced ( beautiful ), finely glued with natural materials ( Schö-Wüescht ), or look terrifying ( Wüeschte ). The offspring, the goofe scales , are usually on the move without a larva .
As a “fourth variant” there are still the “fun bugs”. It is a somewhat freer form of cheating. They are usually more simply dressed and represent professionals (for example farmers, forest workers or cooks). They also don't wear hoods, just larvae, headscarves, hats or black pointed caps . These are former Silvesterchläuse or discover traditional singers and yodel who want to continue to maintain this tradition at reduced capacity in this way, but without the large expenditure of time for the production of very detailed "Groscht and hoods" in way of Beautiful Chläus to invest have to.
In the last few years, having fun chatting on the actual New Year's Eve, or old New Year's Eve, has spread, provided that it takes place on a Sunday and the "regular" Chlausen with the actual penny took place on the Saturday before. These jokes usually only appear after noon, as the protagonists had to recover a little from the physical exertion of the previous day. This joke will last until the official turn of the year, regardless of whether according to the Gregorian or Julian calendar.
All masks represent Mannevölcher (men) and Wiiber (women), because of the heavy costumes and bells , which together can weigh between 20 and 30 kilograms, only men are behind the masks.
A Schuppel consists of six Silvesterchläusen: Two carry woman clothes and carrying a plurality of rollers (clamps) and Rollewiiber or Rolli mentioned. The New Year's Eve, who heads the Schuppel, is called Vorrolli and has a white flower in his mouth, the Nachrolli is called Noerolli , he has a blue flower in his mouth. Those New Year's Eve that wear one or two bells on their chest and back are called Mannevölcher , Schelli or Schellenchlaus . The whole costume is called Groscht . The tour that every Schuppel plans in advance is called a schtrech .
choreography
All Schuppel strictly adhere to the choreography, including the Goofen Schuppel : Normally, three täuerli , interrupted by bells, are performed. The ringing is initiated by the wheelchairs , which move, turn and make slight hopping movements, then the bells move individually and end individually until the last bell rings individually. In the same order, the shed also leave the house visited, also individually, but always at a rapid pace. Typically, the Chlice are therefore out individually between home visits, not as a group.
distribution
In the entire Appenzell hinterland , that is, in the municipalities of Urnäsch , Schwellbrunn , Schönengrund , Herisau , Waldstatt , Hundwil and Stein as well as in the Central Plateau municipality of Teufen and Bühler , the New Year's Eve is celebrated. Isolated scales can also be found in the municipality of Speicher and Gais .
Postage
The PTT issued a definitive stamp of the series Folk Customs for Sfr. 0.20 in 1977. out. Motive: New Year's Eve Herisau.
literature
- Regina Bendix: Progress and Nostalgia. New Year's Eve in Urnäsch, Switzerland. University of California Press, Berkeley CA 1985, ISBN 0-520-09959-1 . ( University of California publications - Folklore and mythology studies 33).
- Marcel Grubenmann, Lisa Tralci: New Year's Eve. Where the year starts twice. Appenzeller Verlag, Herisau 1999, ISBN 3-85882-245-0 .
- Hans Hürlemann: Urnäsch. Landscape - Customs - History. Herisau 2006, ISBN 3-85882-432-1 .
- Margit Thüler (Red.): Festivals in the Alpine region. Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Italy, France. Migros-Presse, Zurich 1997, ISBN 3-9521210-0-2 , p. 49. ( Book of the Federation of Migros Cooperatives 14.)
- Appenzell magazine . January 2010, pp. 8-19, ZDB -ID 2048536-0 .
- Ernst Hohl (Hrsg.): Silvesterkläuse - Glöckler - Klausjäger . Spectacular headdress in popular custom. Exhibition catalog. Ernst Hohl-Kulturstiftung Appenzell. Publication series Haus Appenzell Zurich, Volume 11/2015, ISBN 978-3-85882-741-8 .
exhibition
- New Year's Eve - Glöckler - Klausjäger. Spectacular headdress in popular custom. Exhibition by the Ernst Hohl Cultural Foundation from October 23, 2015 to March 19, 2016 in Haus Appenzell Zurich.
Web links
- New Year's Eve on the appenzellerland.ch website
- New Year's Eve in the list of living traditions in Switzerland
- New Year's Eve chimes on SRF 1 , Tagesschau from January 13, 2012
- New Year's Eve in Appenzellerland Documentary (2011) about New Year's Eve in Appenzellerland
- Obacht Kultur, Das Kulturblatt für Appenzell Ausserrhoden, No. 5, 2009/3 (PDF; 4.3 MB) Article on the topic of "Chlausen in the past" or "Spasschläuse"
Individual evidence
- ↑ New Year's Eve ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. appenzellerland.ch , accessed on January 13, 2016.
- ↑ When a beautiful man comes out in the rain. NZZ , article from January 14, 2004.
- ↑ New Year's Eve ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. SRF 1 , broadcast DOK on January 10, 2016.
- ↑ a b Im Chlausenfieber wireltern.ch , article from December 3, 2015
- ↑ New Year's Eve lice incognito. Thurgauer Zeitung , article from January 9, 2013.
- ↑ From farm to farm. Tagblatt online, January 13, 2016
- ↑ Postage stamp 20 Rp.
- ^ House Appenzell in Zurich
