Sinapius (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Sinapius family

Sinapius is the name of a Frankish patrician and noble family .

history

Origins in the Renaissance

The Sinapius family played a leading role in the modern science of the Renaissance in Europe. Thanks to diligent records and letters from family members, much has been preserved to this day. The archives in Schweinfurt , Würzburg and Spremberg hold a lot, and Professors John Flood and David Shaw of the University of London are to be thanked that countless sites were identified worldwide. The progenitor of the family is the patrician Johann Senff or Latinized Sinapis, who was the humanistically educated mayor of Schweinfurt at the end of the 15th century.

Splitting into two trunk lines

Johann Senffs / Sinapis' son Andreas (* 1480) became a doctor and turned to Bohemia (Bohemian-Silesian line), his son Caspar (1481–1535) was again Schweinfurt mayor and continued the Franconian line of the family. His sons Kilian (1504–1563, lawyer and Graecist) and Johannes Sinapius (1505–1560, doctor and Graecist) studied in Ferrara , the center of European science, and became teachers at the Este court there . In 1546 the Inquisition drove them back to Franconia as Protestants. An extensive correspondence, mostly in Latin or Greek, with the intellectual greats of the time ( Philipp Melanchthon , Johannes Calvin , Olympia Fulvia Morata , Celio Secondo Curione etc.) has been preserved. Johannes Sinapius became the personal physician of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Kilian Sinapius moved to the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer.

The Frankish-Saxon line was ennobled

On July 17, 1545, the Franconian line, the aforementioned brothers Kilian and Johannes and their half-brother Conrad (1531–1576, mayor of Schweinfurt since 1572) were raised to the aristocratic knighthood by Emperor Charles V , along with all ancestors and descendants: “Wiewol we Auss Rome [ic] r Kay [serliche] r high VND wirdigkeit therein VNS the Almechtig after his Divine [s] will set a hat be inclined VND angebornner guete alzeit, all VND yeglich [er] VNS he VND of Hailigen Reich vnderthan VND getrewen Eere , attention, use and best to look at and to further raise the level and degree of nobility so then ye to time by dying and in and he [em] way in waste and diminution khempt again [...] Wherefore so did [s] we Auss eign [he] movement with wanting [em] muth, good counsel, rathschlegen vnd Sunday VNNs countries [he] n Kay [serliche] n gnaden, the aforementioned Johan [n] sen, Kilian vnd Conraden checked [he] the mustard [en] this special grace and freedom done and give vnd Sie and Jre marital heirs and the same heirs for and for all and Frawen p [e] rson in eternity in the ranks and degrees of the nobility of the right noble born knightly knight theaters and fiefdoms uplifts, refined, created, ennobled and noble made. "

Ennoblement of the Bohemian-Silesian line

For the Bohemian-Silesian line, the brothers Johannes and Daniel Sinapius were in 1654 by the Roman-German Emperor Ferdinand III. Elevated to the nobility: "A. 1654. Ihro Káys transferred on May 25th. and Kónigl. Maj. Ferdinandus III. two brothers Sinapios, Johannem , and registered Danielem with all Dero descendants of beyderley sex, in caetum ac numerum antiquorum Nobilium . "

More recent times in Electoral Saxony

During the Thirty Years' War , the Frankish line of the Sinapius family also left their homeland for good and settled in Spremberg in the Electorate of Saxony. Several branches of the family have built up businesses and important textile industries there, all of which were expropriated in 1949 by the administration of the Soviet Zone / GDR . The family, which became Prussian subjects with the Congress of Vienna , provided scientists, lawyers and officers over the centuries. The Berlin district court director Arthur Sinapius was arrested in autumn 1944 and has been missing since then.

Fundator stipendii

The Studienstiftung, which was established in 1553 and financed the studies of the students of the Sinapius family until the Great Inflation of 1923, has remained in Schweinfurt to this day . The then shrunk capital was transferred on February 28, 1951 to the “United Foundations for Study Aid in Schweinfurt”.

coat of arms

Franconian-Saxon line

The coat of arms of the Frankish-Saxon line Sinapius was awarded on July 17, 1545 by Emperor Charles V and described in the original document: “Vnd zu merer gezewgnus, gds vnd Ler, solichs Adels Jnen [den Sinapii] dyße syllable [er ] farb [en] Schildt, with a green mustard stick, with its roots asst [en] and natural platters. On the shield a tournament helmet is adorned with white or silver paint and plawer or laßur paint helmet deck, with two puffelhorns, the front white and the rear plaw, the mouth holes apart ] kert. Then I shall have the coat of arms and C [leinod] in the middle of the current vnß [er] Kays [er] l [i] ch [en] brieffs ground, and with R [...] actually crossed out by newem ge ... v [er ] lent and give. "

Bohemian-Silesian line

The coat of arms of the Bohemian-Silesian line Sinapius was on May 25, 1654 by Emperor Ferdinand III. awarded and described, quoted in the Olsnographia from the year 1767: “two brothers Sinapios, Johannem , and registered Danielem [...] The coat of arms is a sky-blue shield, inside on a green lawn a winged deer in its natural color with an open mouth running against the sun. The open crowned helmet has half a moon on the crone, from which two protruding hands, and the other two arms clad in red armrests, lift up. The helmet = blankets are blue and yellow on the right, white and red on the left. "(Location: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek <366078262220015)

Well-known namesake

Street names

  • The former Sinapiusstraße in Öhls, Silesia, was only Polonized after 1945 and is now called ulica Jana Sinapiusa in 56-400 Oleśnica, Poland.
  • The former Sinapius Street in Wroclaw is now called ul. Kościańska in 54-027 Wrocław, Poland.

In both cases, the honored is Johannes Sinapius (born 1657 in Tepl, Bohemia), who died in Liegnitz in 1725, teacher of the sons of Duke Christian Ulrich I of Württemberg-Öhls and author of the Olsnographia as well as earlier research on the Silesian nobility (see references ).

literature

  • Johannes Sinapius: Suinfurtum oppidum Ostrofranciæ. In: Sebastian Münster : Cosmographia universalis. Basel 1544 2 , S 688ff. [1628: 21st edition]
  • Johannes Sinapius: Schweinfurt a Reichstatt in the Franckenland. In: Sebastian Münster: Cosmographey. Or descriptions of all countries. Basel 1578, pp. 922f.
  • Johannes Sinapius: letters from him or to him. In: John L. Flood and David J. Shaw: Johannes Sinapius (1505–1560), Hellenist and Physician in Germany and Italy. Genève 1997, p. 162ff.
  • Johann Sinapius: Olsnographia or actual description of the Oelßnischen principality in Lower Silesia. Leipzig and Franckfurt 1767.
  • Johann Sinapius: Silesian Curiosities First Presentation, In it the handsome families of the Silesian nobility, with narration of the origin, the coats of arms, genealogies, the most qualified cavaliers, the family houses and estates, and that there is much, so far lacking news of noble knights and laudable Vor = Parents, from old written documents and proven MSCtis to be brought to light. Leipzig 1720.
  • Johann Sinapius: Of the Silesian Nobility Other Part, Or a continuation of Silesian Curiosities, Therein the Counts, Barons and Noble families, As well as Silesian Extraction, As well as those who come from other kingdoms and countries in Silesia, And either are still flourishing in them, or have already risen, To be shown in complete outline, along with a necessary preface and register. Leipzig [1728].

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rainer Kößling : On Renaissance research . In: Wolfenbütteler renaissance messages . Volume 22, Issue 3, December 1998, p. 118 ff .
  2. ^ Olympia Fulvia Morata : Letters. Translated from Latin, Italian and Greek by Rainer Kößling and Gertrud Weiss-Stählin. Leipzig 1990.
  3. ^ Johann Michael Siber: Basic features of a history of the older medical system in the city of Kitzingen . Würzburg 1838, p. 47 f . Records of the city physician JC Senfft / Sinapius.
  4. ^ John L. Flood and David J. Shaw: Johannes Sinapius (1505–1560), Hellenist and Physician in Germany and Italy. Genève 1997, pp. 281ff.
  5. ^ Johann Sinapis: Ps. Boethius, de disciplina scholarium, cum commento . Würzburg UB, sign M.ch.q.18, fols 88–172
  6. ^ Wilhelm Eduard Drugulin: General portrait catalog, second part. Leipzig 1860, p. 314 .
  7. ↑ August Hirsch : Biographical Lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples . Edited by W. Haberling pp. 1929-352
  8. ↑ Wiltrud Wößner: The Johanniskirche, in the series: 450 years of Reformation in Schweinfurt . Schweinfurt 1992, p. 93 . with description of the Sinapius epitaph donated in 1546
  9. ^ John L. Flood and David J. Shaw: Johannes Sinapius (1505–1560), Hellenist and Physician in Germany and Italy. Genève 1997, p. 68ff. with many sources.
  10. ^ Olympia Fulvia Morata: Letters. Translated from Latin, Italian and Greek by Rainer Kößling and Gertrud Weiss-Stählin. Leipzig 1990, p. 66ff, p. 130; John L. Flood and David J. Shaw: Johannes Sinapius (1505-1560), Hellenist and Physician in Germany and Italy. Genève 1997, p. 116ff. with many sources.
  11. ^ Olympia Fulvia Morata: Letters. Translated from Latin, Italian and Greek by Rainer Kößling and Gertrud Weiss-Stählin. Leipzig 1990, p. 39ff .; John L. Flood and David J. Shaw: Johannes Sinapius (1505-1560), Hellenist and Physician in Germany and Italy. Genève 1997, p. 162ff.
  12. ^ Fritz Kretschmer: Schweinfurt family coat of arms. In: Schweinfurter Tagblatt. January 15, 1955
  13. ^ Otto Graf von Looz-Coorswarem: Repertory of the files of the former Reich Chamber Court in the State Archives. Koblenz 1957, p. 372
  14. ↑ Maria Heinsius: The insurmountable word, women of the Reformation time. Munich 1951, p. 99ff
  15. ^ Document in the Austrian State Archives Vienna, Imperial files of the knightly nobility, Worms July 17, 1545, SB 11428, fol. 1–12, 1077-I, 1165-I, 1212-I / 1933. Copy from 1545 in the Heidelberg University Library , Cod. Pal. germ. 460, fols 132-135.
  16. ↑ Johann Sinapius: Olsnographia Or Actual Description Of Oelßnischen Fúrstenthums in Lower Silesia. Leipzig and Franckfurt 1767, p. 448.
  17. ^ Kreuzkirchengemeinde Spremberg: Church records 1630 to today
  18. ^ Gerd Höschle: The German textile industry between 1933 and 1945. Stuttgart 2004, p. 249.
  19. ^ Jonas Flöter: Education for the elite in Saxony and Prussia. Vienna 2009, p. 211ff.
  20. ↑ A historical analysis of the connections has not yet been made.
  21. ^ Original deed of foundation in the Würzburg State Archives: Reichsstadt Schweinfurt sign 175.
  22. ↑ Peter Kolb: The Lower Franconian Foundations. Würzburg 2000, p. 52f.
  23. ↑ Certificate in the Austrian State Archives Vienna, Imperial files of the knightly nobility, Worms July 17, 1545, SB 11428, fol. 1–12, 1165-I / 1933.
  24. ↑ Johann Sinapius: Olsnographia Or Actual Description Of Oelßnischen Fúrstenthums in Lower Silesia. Leipzig and Franckfurt 1767, pp. 448f.