Emerald shadow hummingbird
| Emerald shadow hummingbird | ||||||||||
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Emerald shadow hummingbird |
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| Phaethornis yaruqui | ||||||||||
| ( Bourcier , 1851) |
The emerald shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis yaruqui ) or blue- tailed hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The distribution area of this species includes the countries of Colombia and Ecuador . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The emerald shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 13 cm, with the long salvaged beak about 4.6 cm. The lower bill is red at the base. The males have a copper bronze skull, the rest of the top is dark metal green. Behind the eye they have a dark spot, which is bordered above and below by a yellow-brown to white line. The underside is dark greenish gray, usually with a fuzzy gray central line from the throat to the chest. The under tail-coverts are whitish, the tail blue-black. The elongated central control springs have white tips. The females are very similar, but the eye lines are usually longer and wider. The middle line on the underside is usually more noticeable than on the male.
behavior
Most of the time they are traveling alone and fly beeping at about eye level. As trapliners, like most hummingbirds of the genus Phaethornis, they regularly fly to very specific, scattered flowers in quick succession. In doing so, they do not stay in one place to observe and defend the food sources. They sing at their group leks , some of which are visited all year round. They wiggle their tails during courtship singing.
Reproduction
Not much is known about their reproductive behavior. In the valley of the Río Anchicaya , a nest was found that was attached to the underside of a heliconia and contained an egg. In the departments of Chocó and Valle del Cauca , they were observed in brood mood from February to December.
Vocalizations
When they take off, they make a screeching sound. Their songs sound like a scratchy siik that they repeat 25 to 54 times a minute. They sit on branches at a height of 1 to 1.5 meters.
distribution and habitat
They occur in damp forests and undergrowth at altitudes up to 1500 meters. They are mostly replaced by the orange-bellied shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis syrmatophorus Gould , 1852). Here they are distributed on the Pacific coast from the valley of the lower reaches of the Río Atrato from the Río Truandó to the north-west of Ecuador.
Etymology and history of research
Jules Bourcier described the emerald shadow hummingbird under the name Trochilus Yaruqui . The type specimen comes from the area of Yaruqui . In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)), which was later assigned to the emerald shadow hummingbird . This name is derived from the Greek words »phaethōn Φαέθων « for »the shining one, the shining one« and »órnis όρνις « for »bird«. The species name refers to the alleged location. In 1911 Carl Eduard Hellmayr described Phaethornis yaruqui sanctijohannis , a subspecies that later turned out to be an immature type specimen. The name also refers to the site, the Río San Juan in the Departamento del Chocó . The river was discovered on June 24, 1525 and therefore named after John the Baptist .
literature
- Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown: A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( books.google.de ).
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Jules Bourcier: Note on our espèces de trochilidées . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences . tape 32 , 1851, pp. 186-188 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Mr. CE Hellmayr forwarded descriptions of two new races of Humming-Birds, which he proposed to call . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 27 , no. 71 , 1911, pp. 92-93 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Phaethornis yaruqui inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.1. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - White-whiskered Hermit ( Phaethornis yaruqui ) . Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of White-whiskered Hermit (Phaethornis yaruqui) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Emerald Shadow Hummingbird ( Phaethornis yaruqui ) at Avibase; accessed on September 9, 2016.
- Phaethornis yaruqui in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - White-whiskered Hermit ( Phaethornis yaruqui )