Smart glasses

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Google Glass , 2013
Injection molded monocular EyeTap , 1998

Smartglasses (or, more commonly, data glasses ) are portable ( wearable ) computers that add information to the user's field of vision. They enable augmented reality or mixed reality .

Types of displays

There are different designs for displays, which are attached very close to the eyes of the user ( head-mounted display ). These can be divided into two groups: based on spherical mirrors ( curved mirrors ) or wave guides ( wave guides ). Various waveguide techniques have existed for some time, including diffraction optics , holographic optics, polarized optics, reflective optics and projection . An example of a projection directly onto the user's retina is the virtual retinal display .

Human-computer interaction

For the human interface, the human-computer interaction , there are the following useful control options:

Pioneers in the field of smart glasses

The most famous pioneers are Thad Starner , professor at the California Institute of Technology and consultant for the development of the first Google Glass , and Steve Mann , inventor of the EyeTap .

Reception by the public

Interest in the population

According to a survey from 2015, 38 percent of Germans aged 14 and over could imagine using glasses like Google Glass. Among the 14 to 29 year olds it is 57 percent, among the 30 to 49 year olds 40 percent, 35 percent of the 50 to 64 year olds and 23 percent of the German citizens over 65 years of age can imagine the use according to the survey. 17 percent of the respondents state that they will use such a device in any case.

Privacy concerns

The presentation of Google Glass shortly thereafter raised concerns about invasion of privacy and the etiquette of using such devices in public that allow people to be photographed and filmed without their permission.

Data protectionists fear that wearers of such glasses could be able to identify strangers in public using facial recognition or to record and send private conversations. With Google Glass, for example, it was possible to take a photo with the blink of an eye.

Some entities in the US had banned Google Glass before it was released, citing concerns about possible breaches of customer privacy.

According to European law, the use of smart glasses in public spaces can be classified as illegal private video surveillance , which often involves the violation of the right to one's own image , the confidentiality of the word , informational self-determination , privacy and protection from surveillance pressure as part of the general right of personality , can go hand in hand. Affected persons should therefore already have a right to self-defense against potential detection by smart glasses , which in extreme cases can also entitle them to physical violence and the destruction of the devices.

Security concerns

Concerns have also been raised about driving vehicles while wearing such glasses. On July 31, 2013, it was announced that drivers may be banned from wearing Google Glass while driving in the UK.

Smart glasses in the world of work

The use of smart glasses in the world of work has increased significantly. Data glasses are now routinely used, especially in the area of warehouse logistics and the picking of products, as studies have shown that they can accelerate work processes and increase efficiency. A pilot study recorded the movement sequences during a typical picking activity with the help of the CUELA measuring system for recording musculoskeletal loads. The result suggests that smart glasses have at least a partial positive influence on posture when picking.

Data glasses can also be used for the safe commissioning of industrial trucks . Up to now, the vehicle's safety check has been carried out conventionally using analog checklists, so that information about damage is only available after a loss of time. With the camera function of data glasses, however, a defect in the vehicle can be digitally documented and forwarded to the responsible person in real time.

With the help of smart glasses, recommendations for less back-stressing work methods can be derived. A personal biofeedback system is used for this purpose: Data glasses are used that communicate with miniature inertial sensors that are attached to employees. In this way, high musculoskeletal loads can be visualized in real time. This system is a special variant of the CUELA measuring system , which enables an online display of spinal column loads when performing activities.

Smartglasses are also used in virtual simulations for the security of future workplaces (see Virtual Reality in Occupational Safety ). This allows dangerous work situations to be simulated or the usability and safety of products to be checked.

A study examined the use of smart glasses when operating industrial trucks and demonstrated an increase in sensory and cognitive stress . Further studies need to clarify how this exposure affects the safety and health of employees.

Classification in the field of technology

Smartglasses are devices worn on the body (more precisely: on the head) and thus wearables (computer devices worn on the body). In the field of computer science research and recent developments in industry, the term "immersive computing" or "spatial computing" is also used. Immersion is the impression of being "immersed" in a computer-generated audiovisual environment. "Spatial computer systems" also use the physical environment, which is recorded geometrically by means of optical sensors and serves as a "medium" for applications of all kinds. Computer graphics overlay elements in a closed room in a credible way and offer entertainment (e.g. gaming, virtual screens), communication (e.g. chats with avatars) or work applications (e.g. CAD). For representatives of lifelogging , smart glasses also represent a possible option for recording their daily and curriculum vitae.

Well-known smart glasses

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b S. Mann: Vision 2.0 . In: IEEE Spectrum . tape 50 , no. 3 , March 2013, p. 42-47 , doi : 10.1109 / MSPEC.2013.6471058 (English).
  2. ^ Wearable Computing. A First Step Toward Personal Imaging . In: IEEE Computer . tape 30 , no. 2 , February 1997, p. 25–32 (English, wearcam.org ).
  3. ↑ Chris Davies: Quantigraphic camera promises HDR eyesight from Father of AR . In: Slashgear . September 12, 2012 (English).
  4. ^ Ari Brockman: Best Smart Glasses of 2015 . In: Viewer . Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 24, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.smartglassesnews.org
  5. ↑ Mike Elgan: Why 2014 is the 'year of smart glasses' . In: Computerworld . December 21, 2013.
  6. ↑ We get a faceful of smartglasses at 2014 - and it ain't pretty . In: CNET . CBS Interactive.
  7. ↑ Jessica Dolcourt: Lumus DK40 Preview - CNET . In: CNET . CBS Interactive. January 8, 2014.
  8. ↑ Scott Stein: Epson Moverio BT-200 Smart Glasses Preview - CNET . In: CNET . CBS Interactive. February 18, 2014.
  9. ↑ James Trew: Lumus and eyeSight deal brings gesture control to DK-40 smart glasses hand-on . In: Engadget . AOL.
  10. ↑ Great interest in the functions of smart glasses . Bitkom press release of October 12, 2015, accessed on November 11, 2015.
  11. ^ Over a third of Germans interested in using smart glasses . telecompaper.com of October 12, 2015, accessed on November 11, 2015.
  12. ^ Charles Arthur: Google Glass: is it a threat to our privacy? . In: The Guardian , March 6, 2013. 
  13. ^ Gary Marshall: Google Glass: say goodbye to your privacy . In: techradar.com . 1st of March 2013.
  14. ^ Matt Warman: Google Glass: we'll all need etiquette lessons . In: The Daily Telegraph (UK) , April 24, 2013. 
  15. ↑ Steve Henn: Clever Hacks Give Google Glass Many Unintended Powers . In: NPR . NPR. 17th July 2013.
  16. ↑ SeeThru smart glasses have one eye on privacy .
  17. ↑ a b Thomas Schwenke: Private use of smart glasses in public space . Oldenburger Verlag for Economics, Computer Science and Law, Edewecht 2016, ISBN 978-3-95599-029-9 , p. 409 ( rechtsanwalt-schwenke.de ).
  18. ^ David Millward: Drivers to be banned from wearing Google Glass . In: Daily Telegraph , July 31, 2013. 
  19. ↑ German statutory accident insurance e. V. (DGUV): The influence of smart glasses on the ergonomic load at a picking workstation: A pilot study. In: DGUV Report 2/2017. Retrieved June 21, 2018 .
  20. ↑ Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA): Use of data glasses for the safety check of industrial trucks. Retrieved June 21, 2018 .
  21. ↑ German statutory accident insurance e. V. (DGUV): Use of data glasses in the working world. In: DGUV Forum 11/2016, p. 23. Accessed June 21, 2018 .
  22. ↑ Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA): Assessment of the workload of digital information systems on industrial trucks: data glasses (HMD) vs. Monitor (basic research). Retrieved October 12, 2018 .
  23. ↑ http://www.spatial-computing.org/
  24. ↑ by Christoph Spinger in Augmented Reality, News: Aryzon shows new Augmented Reality Cardboard. In: VR ∙ Nerds. May 31, 2017, accessed on March 15, 2019 (German).
  25. ↑ Tomislav Bezmalinovic: "Diminished Reality": US startup shows demo of the technology . In: Vrodo.de , October 27, 2017.