Socotra pomegranate

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Socotra pomegranate
Flowers and small, unripe fruits

Flowers and small, unripe fruits

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Loosestrife family (Lythraceae)
Subfamily : Punicoideae
Genre : Pomegranates ( Punica )
Type : Socotra pomegranate
Scientific name
Punica protopunica
Balf.f.

The Socotra Pomegranate ( Punica protopunica ) is a plant species that today the family of Lythraceae belongs (Lythraceae). It is endemic to the Yemen island group of Socotra in the north-western Indian Ocean .

features

The Socotra pomegranate grows as an evergreen shrub that reaches heights of 2 to 4.5 meters and often has thorny branches. The leaves have an elliptical or elongated, more rarely obovate or circular, entire leaf blade with a blunt, often marginalized blade tip. They are fleshier than Punica granatum .

The bracts are elongated and blunt. The petals are inverted heart-shaped and, in contrast to Punica granatum, pink instead of red. The fruits are smaller and less sweet. The carpels are unlike Punica granatum in a plane. The thousand grain weight of the seeds is 6.81 g.

Systematics and research history

Punica protopunica was first described by Isaac Bayley Balfour in 1882 and, together with the pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.), forms the genus of pomegranates ( Punica ), which counts only two species . It is sometimes considered to be the ancestral form of the pomegranate, while its descent from Punica protopunica is doubted in other works.

Danger

At the time of its discovery, the Socotra pomegranate was considered common. Until 1997 this type was in the red list of the IUCN as endangered ( EN ). Since 1998 it has only been classified as “at risk” ( VU ). The entire distribution area is estimated at around 100 km².

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Punica protopunica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ↑ Большая детская энциклопедия. Биология . Moscow 2003, ISBN 5-901227-17-4 , pp. 284 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Bayley Balfour: Diagnoses plantarum novarum et imperfecte descriptarum Phanerogamarum Socotrensium. Pars great. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Volume 11, 1882, pp. 498-514, (p. 512 as digitized version) .
  4. ↑ a b c The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Trees and Shrubs: An Guide To Trees and Shrubs of the World. Mobile Reference 2008, ISBN 978-1-60501-487-6 , limited preview in Google Book Search.
  5. ↑ G. Schweinfurth: General considerations on the flora of Socotra . In: Botanical yearbooks for systematics, plant history and plant geography . tape 5 , 1884, p. 47 ( online ).
  6. ^ Punica protopunica. In: Seed Information Database. Retrieved February 28, 2011 .
  7. ↑ Commentary on the German Pharmacopoeia. 5th edition. Volume 1, 1910.
  8. ↑ Peter Hanelt, Rudolf Mansfeld, Jürgen Schultze-Motel: Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals). 6, Addenda, references, indices. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-540-41017-1 , p. 965, limited preview in the Google book search.
  9. ^ Punica protopunica in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .

further reading

  • GM Levin, EA Sokolova: Materialy k izucheniyu Punica protopunica Balf.-F. (Punicaceae). (Materials to the study of Punica protopunica Balf.-F. (Punicaceae)). In: Botaniceskij Zhurnal. Volume 64, No. 7, 1979, pp. 998-1005 (Russian).
  • А. Л. Тахтаджян ( Armen Tachtadschjan ) (Ed.): Жизнь растений. В 6-ти т. Т. 5. Ч. 2 Цветковые растения - М .: Просвещение, 1981