Solanum laciniatum
| Solanum laciniatum | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solanum laciniatum |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Solanum laciniatum | ||||||||||||
| Aiton |
Solanum laciniatum is a plant from the genus of Solanaceae ( Solanum ) in the family of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Within the genus, the species is classified in the subgenus Archaesolanum . The distribution area is in Australia and New Zealand .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum laciniatum is a 1 to 3 m high shrub that can withstand several years . It has soft wood, the main trunk reaches a diameter of up to 10 cm and is coated in purple. With increasing age it spreads more and more and looks quite spacious. The plant is predominantly hairless, there are only a few fine, glandular trichomes on the young shoots and buds, even on seedlings and young leaves there are a few simple trichomes, which, however, soon fall off.
The sympodial units are many-leaved. Even on a plant, the size and shape of the leaves are very variable. Lobed leaves are 15 to 30 cm long and 10 to 15 cm wide, broadly ovate in outline and with mostly seven (but also from one to nine) sub-leaves deeply pinnately divided. The partial leaves do not reach the midrib, are up to 10 cm long and 1 cm wide, the lowest pair is usually smaller. Their shape is lanceolate, the leaf margin is rounded, the tips of the lobes are blunt to pointed. The leaf base is wedge-shaped and runs more or less unchanged down the 1 cm long petiole . Leaves that are not lobed are usually 10 (rarely 5 to 20) cm long and 1.5 (rarely 1 to 4) cm wide, lanceolate, with entire margins, wedge-shaped to the base and pointed to the front. There are many intermediate stages between the two leaf forms.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are 5 to 15 cm long screws that can be single or forked at the base. They are often in bifurcations of the stem axis or in leaf axils and consist of up to ten flowers . The inflorescence stalk is up to 4 cm long, the rachis up to 10 cm. The individual flower stalks are 1.5 to 3 cm long and slender. The buds are narrowly elliptical, the still closed crown protrudes from the corolla tube early on.
The calyx tube of the flowers is 3 to 4 mm long, it is covered with short and wide, up to 2 cm long calyx tips. Its edge is almost dry-skinned, its tip is about 1 mm long and bluntly prickly. The crown has a diameter of 3 to 5 cm, is wheel-shaped and very conspicuous with a dark purple-blue color. The corolla lobes are fused together with a fabric that extends beyond the actual tips of the petals, so that the coronet appears somewhat indented.
The stamens are 3 to 4 (rarely up to 5) mm long; the anthers are elongated, free-standing and 3 to 4 mm long. They open through pores at the tips, they later enlarge into slits. The ovary is 1.5 to 3 mm long and bluntly conical in shape. On it sits a 6 to 9 mm long stylus with a cephalic, slightly bilobed scar that is clearly papilous .
Fruits and seeds
When the fruit ripens, the rachis extends to 10 to 20 cm, the flower stalks to 2 to 3 cm. The calyx reaches sizes of 5 × 5 mm, is enlarged and close fitting so that it encloses the base of the fruit. The fruit is a 1.5 to 2 cm diameter berry that is ovoid to inverted ovoid. Initially it is green in color, but when ripe it fades to yellow or orange-yellow. It's juicy and simply falls off the plant when ripe.
The fruits contain 200 to 300 seeds . These are inverted ovoid to broadly inverted ovoid and reddish brown in color. Its surface is wrinkled concentrically and has a few reticulated lines. In addition to the seeds, there are 40 to 60 stone cells in the fruits. These are usually 2 to 2.5 (rarely 1 to 3.5) mm in size, rounded and only rarely have facet- shaped depressions.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 96.
Distribution and locations
The species occurs in New Zealand and in Australia from southeastern South Australia to Victoria and Tasmania . It is located in Western Australia , some authors consider the occurrence in New Zealand also to be located. The species grows in a wide variety of soils. It can be found in depressions in the ground, on stabilized sand dunes, on stream banks and on roadsides, mostly in evenly moist areas.
ingredients
Solanum laciniatum contains, among other things, solasodine, a glycoalkaloid that is used industrially for the synthesis of steroids (e.g. contraceptives ).
In vitro propagation
A very efficient method for propagating Solanum laciniatum is the creation of a hair root culture on a nutrient medium.
literature
- Sandra Knapp : Solanum laciniatum . In: Solanaceae Source . Retrieved December 25, 2010.
Web links
- Botanical Garden of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz: Large kangaroo apple-Solanum laciniatum Aiton , accessed on April 9, 2012
Individual evidence
- ↑ Solanum laciniatum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Okršlar, V., Štrukelj, B., Kreft, S., Bohanec, B., Ẑel, J. (2002). Micropropagation and Hairy Root Culture of Solanum laciniatum AIT. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant, 38: 352-357 https://www.jstor.org/stable/20171636?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
- ↑ Okršlar, V., Štrukelj, B., Kreft, S., Bohanec, B., Ẑel, J. (2002). Micropropagation and Hairy Root Culture of Solanum laciniatum AIT. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant, 38: 352-357 https://www.jstor.org/stable/20171636?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents