Solanum nudum
| Solanum nudum | ||||||||||||
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| Solanum nudum | ||||||||||||
| Dunal |
Solanum nudum is a species of the genus nightshade ( Solanum ) inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum nudum is a 2 to 5 m high shrub . Its young stems as well as the leaves are hairless or finely hairy with adjacent, single-celled or single-row trichomes about 0.1 mm long. Older branches are hairless or hairy near the nodes with tufts of white, single-row trichomes. The bark on older trunks is dark brown or gray, shiny and slightly winged due to the leaves that run down. In each sympodial unit there are two leaves standing in pairs.
The leaves are ovate or elliptical, their widest point is in the middle of the leaf blade or only slightly below. The upper side is hairless and shiny, on the lower side there are tufts of white, single-row trichomes with a length of 0.5 to 1 mm in the axils of the leaf veins, the density of these tufts can vary greatly. The leaves that stand in pairs are of different sizes. The larger of the two reaches a size of 6.4 to 17 × 3 to 9 cm, has five to ten pairs of side veins extending from the leaf axis, which are yellowish in color on the underside and clearly protrude. The leaves are pointed at the front, pointed to rounded at the base and slightly descending on the petiole . It reaches a length of 0.5 to 2.5 cm. The smaller leaves differ not only in size from the larger ones, they are often elliptical to slightly round in shape and only 1.5 to 6 × 0.9 to 4.5 cm in size. To the front and at the base they are pointed to rounded, the petioles are here 2 to 6 mm long.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences face the leaves, are not divided, 0.5 to 5 cm long and consist of five to 50 flowers . They are hairless or hairy with adjoining trichomes similar to those of young stems and deciduous leaves. The persistent remnants of the flower stalks stand about 0.5 mm apart, but do not overlap. The buds are spherical, in young buds the calyx tips can be seen as rounded cusps. The crown rises above the rest of the bud early on. At flowering time, the flower stalks are white or greenish-white shaped, bent back and 0.7 to 1.3 cm long. They taper from the calyx tube to a slender base with a diameter of 0.25 to 0.5 mm.
The corolla tube is conical in shape, 1 to 1.5 mm long and has triangular, 0.25 to 1 mm long calyx tips. The calyx is hairless or finely hairy. The crown is white or greenish-white in color, it measures 0.5 to 1.2 cm in diameter and is lobed about 2/3 of the radius. The corolla lobes are slightly bent back during flowering, their tips and edges are finely papilous . The stamens are fused into a 0.25 to 0.5 mm long tube, the free-standing part is about 0.1 to 0.25 mm long. The anthers are 1.2 to 2.5 mm long and 1 to 1.5 mm wide. They open through teardrop-shaped pores at the tips. The ovary is hairless, it has a straight or slightly curved style stylus . The scar is small-headed, finely papillary and bright green in color.
Fruits and seeds
When the fruit ripens, the flower stalk lignifies and enlarges to 1 to 1.7 cm and then has a diameter of about 1 mm at the base. The fruit is a spherical, green berry with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mm. It contains pale straw-colored seeds that are flattened kidney-shaped and 3 to 4 × 1.5 to 2 mm in size. The edges of the seeds are thickened and slightly paler. The seed surface is finely grained.
Distribution and locations
Solanum nudum is a common plant that can be found in large parts of Central and South America, as well as on the Caribbean islands . It occasionally grows from sea level to an altitude of 2500 m. The locations are usually in the secondary forest , where the plants appear in dense stands.
Systematics
Solanum nudum is a representative of the Geminata section , which is classified in the Geminata clade in the phylogenetic system of nightshades according to Lynn Bohs (2005). In 1972 the Solanum nudum was established by William D'Arcy as the lectotype of the Geminata section .
proof
literature
- Sandra Knapp: Solanum nudum . In: Solanaceae Source ( online ), July 2004, accessed February 13, 2011.
- Sandra Knapp: Solanum section Geminata (G. Don) Walpers (Solanaceae). In: Flora Neotropica , Volume 84, 2002. (Largely identical to the above-mentioned source)
Individual evidence
- ^ William G. D'Arcy: Solanaceae Studies II: Typification of Subdivisions of Solanum . In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Vol. 59, Number 2, 1972, pp. 262-278.