Solanum pennellii
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Solanum pennellii (Syn. Lycopersicon pennellii ) is a plant species from the section of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon ) in the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum pennellii is a perennial , up to 1 m high plant, which grows broadly and can reach a diameter of 40 to 50 cm. The stem axis is woody at the base, the stems reach a diameter between 9 and 12 mm, they are brittle, yellowish green and sparsely to densely hairy. The hair is sticky and tough and consists mainly of glandular, mostly unbranched, single-row trichomes made up of one or two cells and a multicellular glandular head. In addition, plants from some populations have six- to eight-cell, unbranched, single-row trichomes that have a single-celled glandular head and reach lengths of 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
The sympodial units have two leaves , the internodes are 1 to 6 cm long. The leaves are intermittently pinnate to unpaired, (rarely only 1.5 to) 3 to 13 cm long and (rarely only 1.2) 2.2 to 7.5 cm wide. They are yellowish green in color, their hairiness resembles that of the stems. In some populations, the upper side of the leaf is almost hairless, trichomes can then only be found along the leaf veins and the leaf edge. The leaf consists of two to four pairs of main part leaves that are broadly elliptical to circular in shape, have a rounded tip and a heart-shaped base and are 0.5 to 5 cm × 0.4 to 4.5 cm in size. They stand on 0.15 to 1 cm stalks, their edge is irregularly furrowed or occasionally almost entire. The terminal leaf is usually wider than it is long, measures 0.8 to 3 cm × 0.8 to 4 cm and stands on a 0.4 to 1.5 cm long stalk. Partial leaves of the second and third order are missing, inserted partial leaves between the main part leaves can occur, but are usually not present. The petiole is 0.5 to 4 cm long. At all nodes there are clearly defined pseudo- stipules , they are 0.5 to 1 cm long and 0.7 to 1.5 cm wide, they are circular and have a furrowed edge.
Inflorescences and flowers
The 4 to 11 cm long inflorescences are unbranched or branched once. They consist of 6 to 15 flowers . At all nodes 0.2 to 1.5 cm long and 0.2 to 1.5 cm wide bracts with a furrowed edge are formed. The inflorescences are on 1 to 4 (rarely up to 7) cm long peduncle . They are hairy similar to the stems and the leaves. The flower stalks are 1 to 2 cm long and bent at the base like a joint.
The buds are 0.8 to 1 cm long and 0.4 to 0.5 cm wide. They have an elongated elliptical shape and are strongly bent back. Before the bud opens, the petals are more than half over the calyx . At the time of flowering, the calyx-tube is about 5 mm long and is covered with 4 to 5 mm long and 1 to 1.5 mm wide, triangular to spatulate-shaped calyx tips rounded at the tip. The hairiness of the calyx resembles that of the rest of the inflorescence. The golden yellow crown has a diameter of 2 to 2.1 cm, it is pentagonal in shape and slightly zygomorphic , as the upper petal is slightly longer. The corolla tube has a length of 0.7 to 0.8 cm. The corolla lobes are 0.6 to 0.7 cm (rarely up to 1) cm long and 0.5 to 0.6 (rarely up to 0.9) cm wide. The side facing away from the axis is densely covered with weak, single-row trichomes, along the central veins and tips of the petals they are even closer. The corolla lobes are slightly curved back during flowering.
The strongly bent stamens are not fused into a tube or only slightly fused together and then covered with lateral papillae . The stamens are shorter than 0.5 cm, of which the stamen tube is only 1 mm long. The anthers are 0.6 to 0.8 (rarely up to 1) cm long, the two upper ones are usually larger and slightly curved. There are sterile attachments at the tips of the dust bags. The anthers open through inwardly directed pores, opposite them there are also fine, triangular appendages. The ovary is hairless and spherical. The stylus is about 0.9 to 1 cm long and 0.5 mm in diameter. It is curved and finely haired 3/4 of the length from the base. It stands about 2 to 3 mm beyond the anthers. The scar is head-shaped or slightly bilobed and colored green.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical, two-chambered, green berries with a diameter of 1 to 1.3 cm. They are lightly to moderately hairy. The hair consists of single-row, unbranched trichomes about 0.5 mm long. They are glandular and consist of four cells and a unicellular head or are non-glandular. The stem extends on the fruit to 2 to 2.5 cm in length, it is straight or slightly curved at the joint. The calyx lobes enlarge to 9 to 10 mm in length and 2 to 5 mm in width and are protruding. The seeds are 1.4 to 2.4 mm long, 0.7 to 1.2 mm wide and 0.5 to 0.6 mm thick. They are inverted egg-shaped, pale brown and covered with hair-like outgrowths of the outer seminal wall cells, so that the surface appears silky. The seeds are weakly winged at the tip with a 0.2 mm wide wing, at the base they are pointed.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
ecology
The flowers and fruits appear sporadically distributed throughout the year, but there is an increase in the number of flowers between October and November when the locations are humid and foggy.
Occurrence and locations
Solanum pennellii occurs from northern Peru to northern Chile and is an important part of the Loma formations . The species grows on dry, stony slopes and in sandy areas between sea level and 3000 m.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maximilian HW Schmidt, Alexander Vogel, Alisandra K. Denton, Benjamin Istace, Alexandra Wormit: De novo Assembly of a New Solanum pennellii Accession Using Nanopore Sequencing . In: The Plant Cell . January 1, 2017, ISSN 1040-4651 , p. tpc.00521.2017 , doi : 10.1105 / tpc.17.00521 , PMID 29025960 ( plantcell.org [accessed October 26, 2017]).
literature
- Iris E. Peralta, David M. Spooner, Sandra Knapp: Taxonomy of Wild Tomatoes and their Relatives (Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides, sect. Juglandifolia, sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae) . Systematic Botany Monographs, Volume 84, The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, June 2008, ISBN 978-0-912861-84-5