Solanum rubicaule
| Solanum rubicaule | ||||||||||||
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Isotype of Solanum rubicaule |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Solanum rubicaule | ||||||||||||
| SRStern |
Solanum rubicaule is a species ofthe nightshade family (Solanaceae). It was first described in 2010 and isnative tosouthern Ecuador and northern Peru .
description
Solanum rubicaule grows as a climbing shrub that often attaches to other plants and becomes 1 to 3 meters long. The trunk is covered with curved, light brown to orange spines that resemble those of roses. These spines are up to 3 millimeters long and have a 2 to 3 millimeter long and 0.5 to 1 millimeter wide base. The trunk is densely covered with light to rust-brown, star-shaped and five- to ten-row trichomes . These are 0.1 to 0.2 millimeters long.
The sympodial units of the flower-bearing branches form two leaves arranged in pairs . The simple leaves are between 10 and 13 inches long and between 5 and 8 inches wide. The leathery or paper-like leaf blade is elliptical in shape. Their often asymmetrically shaped base is blunt, the tip tapering and their leaf margins are entire. The reddish-brown top of the leaf is densely covered with single-row trichomes, which are 0.3 to 0.6 millimeters long. There are also star-shaped, multi-row trichomes, which are similar to those of the trunk and are around 0.2 to 0.6 millimeters long. Rows three to eight are around 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters long. The whitish green underside of the leaves is densely covered with star-shaped, up to twelve-row trichomes, which can be 0.1 to 0.3, the rows eight to twelve 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters long. From the leaf axis five to seven pairs of secondary leaf veins branch off, and the midrib occasionally has some curved spines. If present, the petiole is up to 2 centimeters long and is moderately to densely covered with trichomes. Furthermore, it occasionally has curved thorns.
The inflorescences are axillary or opposite the leaves on the stems. They are up to 12 centimeters long and are unbranched or twofold. Each of the inflorescences consists of two to eight flowers. The species is Andromonöce , and male flowers are found on young plants while hermaphrodite flowers are found on older plants. The inflorescence is sparsely to densely hairy with unbranched trichomes, which resemble those of the trunk. The flower stalk becomes 0.5 to 3 centimeters long. It is bent like a joint at the base. The flower stalks are 7 to 11 millimeters long and 2 to 4 millimeters apart at the flowering time. When they bear fruit, they are between 1 and 2 inches long.
Flowering specimens were collected in December and fruit-bearing specimens were collected from December to January and March to April. The flowers are five-fold. The cup is between 1.2 and 2 centimeters long, with the first 2 to 3 millimeters being designed as a tube. He is covered with 1.2 to 1.8 inches long and 0.3 to 0.6 inches wide, triangular lobes. The thick hair on the underside of the calyx is similar to that of the trunk. The white crown measures 3 to 4 centimeters in diameter, is lobed in a star shape almost to the base and consists of paper-like petals. The approximately triangular-egg-shaped corolla lobes are slightly bent back towards the flower and are 1.2 to 1.6 centimeters long and 0.4 to 0.8 centimeters wide, and their midrib is densely hairy on the underside. The top of the corolla lobes is hairless. The hairless stamens are 1 to 2 millimeters long. The yellow anthers are 7 to 10 millimeters long and 1 to 2 millimeters wide and have a linear-lanceolate shape. They open through pores at the tips, which do not enlarge into elongated slits. The ovary is sparsely haired with star-shaped, white trichomes. The cylindrical pen of male flowers is 4 to 7 mm long and 0.5 to 1.5 millimeters wide and glabrous. The cylindrical style of hermaphrodite flowers is 10 to 14 millimeters long and 0.5 to 1.5 millimeters wide and hairless. The head-shaped scar is up to 1.5 millimeters wide.
When ripe, firm, green-colored, hairless berries are formed as fruits, which are spherical in shape with a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters and have a small, pointed bulge at the tip. The berries stand on a stem that is bent downwards. Each of the berries bears 25 to 50 brown seeds. With a length of about 3 millimeters and a width of about 2.5 millimeters, these are flattened kidney-shaped and have a wrinkled surface.
distribution and habitat
The natural range of Solanum rubicaule extends from the southern Ecuador located province of Zamora Chinchipe to the northern Peru region situated Cajamarca . The species thrives there at altitudes of 1650 to 2200 meters. It grows mainly in disturbed, tropical mountain forests and on open areas.
Systematics
It was first described as Solanum rubicaule in 2010 by Stephen R. Stern in PhytoKeys number 1, page 55. The specific epithet rubicaule is derived from the genus Rubus , whose climbing habit resembles that of Solanum rubicaule and the Latin word caulis for stem.
swell
- Stephen Stern, Lynn Bohs: Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru . In: PhytoKeys . No. 1 , 2010, ISSN 1314-2003 , p. 55-59 , doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.1.660 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Stephen Stern, Lynn Bohs: Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru . In: PhytoKeys . No. 1 , 2010, ISSN 1314-2003 , p. 55-59 , doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.1.660 .
- ↑ Solanum rubicaule. In: The International Plant Names Index. www.ipni.org, accessed on March 2, 2013 (English).
