Solanum sect. Etuberosum
| Solanum sect. Etuberosum | ||||||||||||
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| Solanum sect. Etuberosum | ||||||||||||
| ( Bukasov & Kameraz ) A.Child |
The section Solanum sect. Etuberosum is part of the subgenus Potatoe within the plant genus of nightshade ( Solanum ). The three species assigned to the section occur in Chile and Argentina as well as on Robinson Crusoe Island .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The species of the Etuberosum section are upright or ascending growing, branched plants, the stem axis of which usually reaches a length of up to 1 m, but a stem axis length of 4 m has also been observed. The shoot axes are green to purple in color, twisting to angled and reaching a diameter of 2 cm at the base. They are hairless to densely hairy. The hair consists of glandular trichomes 120 to 200 µm in length and a four-lobed head 50 to 70 µm in diameter, glandular trichomes 600 to 950 µm in length, an egg-shaped head 20 to 60 µm in diameter and non-glandular trichomes. The plants form rhizomes up to 10 cm long and 1 cm thick that can branch.
The foliage leaves are pinnate with four to seven partial leaves on each side. They become up to 35 cm long and 20 cm wide. The partial leaves are on up to 10 cm long stems or are sessile, they are entire, elliptical to lanceolate or narrowly ovate. Towards the front they are pointed or tapered, the base is wedge-shaped to obliquely rounded or obliquely heart-shaped. Between the partial leaves are one to eight inserted partial leaves that can be up to 2 cm long and wide. The leaf surface of the partial leaves is straight or wavy, they are gray-green to dark green or purple in color. They are hairless or sparsely downy-haired to densely fine-haired with glandular or non-glandular hair. The lateral partial leaves are about the same size or decrease in size from the center to the tip and base of the leaf, the lowest pair is usually more reduced. The middle partial leaves reach a length of 4 to 10 cm and a width of 1.5 to 4 cm, the foremost partial leaf resembles the middle partial leaves in shape and size or is somewhat wider and more clearly egg-shaped. The pseudo stipules are ovate to elliptical or vice versa ovate and are up to 2.8 cm long and 1.5 cm wide and encompass the stem axis.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are pseudo-terminal zymous panicles of twelve to 65 flowers . The peduncle is 1 to 8 cm long, unbranched or branched up to three times, it can be hairless, downy-haired or covered with glands. The flower stalks are 9 to 20 cm long, they are hairless or downy-haired and knee-like between 0 and 13 mm above the base.
The calyx reaches lengths between 2.5 and 4.2 mm, it is covered with hairless or downy hair and divided up to the middle, so that five 0.2 to 2.5 mm long, corolla lobes of the same shape with rounded to pointed tips are formed. The crown is wheel-shaped to pentagonal, purple to purple-blue and reaches a diameter of 17 to 30 mm. The color is even, becomes darker towards the middle or forms a star with white stripes from the base of the petals to the tips.
The anthers are lanceolate and 4 to 7 mm long. The stylus reaches lengths between 3 and 11 mm. The ovary is spherical.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical, green to dark purple berries that reach a diameter of 13 to 23 mm. The seeds are white when ripe and fresh. Because of the embryo showing through the seed coat , they can have a purple dot.
Occurrence and locations
The species of the section occur in Chile and Argentina as well as on Robinson Crusoe Island . They grow at altitudes between 40 and 2500 m in moist, deciduous forests, higher-lying shrub forests as well as on river banks and waterfalls.
Systematics
External system
Within the nightshade ( Solanum ) the section Etuberosum is classified in the subgenus Potatoe . Cladistic studies carried out on both a morphological and a molecular level have shown that the dissection is monophyletic. The relationships to closely related sections determined by these investigations are shown in the following cladogram:
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According to the cladogram
Internal system
There are three types within the section:
- Solanum etuberosum Lindl.
- Solanum fernandezianum Phil.
- Solanum palustre Schltdl.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Iris E. Peralta, David M. Spooner, Sandra Knapp: Taxonomy of Wild Tomatoes and their Relatives (Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides, sect. Juglandifolia, sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae) . Systematic Botany Monographs, Volume 84, The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, June 2008. ISBN 978-0-912861-84-5
literature
- Andres Contreras-M. and David M. Spooner: Revision of Solanum section Etuberosum (Subgenus Potatoe). In: M. Nee, DE Symon, RN Lester and JP Jessop (Eds.): Solanaceae IV , Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 1999. 227-245.