Solanum sect. Juglandifolia
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| Solanum sect. Juglandifolia | ||||||||||||
| ( Rydb. ) A.Child |
The section Solanum sect. Juglandifolia is part of the subgenus Potatoe within the plant genus of nightshade ( Solanum ). The closest relatives are classified in the tomato section ( Solanum sect. Lycopersicon ). The two species assigned to the section occur in northwestern South America .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The species in the Juglandifolia section are large, woody, perennial climbing plants or lianas , which tend to grow or climb and sometimes reach the treetops. The thick shoot axes are green, pale green-brown or brown on branches with secondary growth. They are initially finely to densely hairy and bald with age; the hair consists of simple, single-row glandular and non-glandular trichomes .
The sympodial units have five or more leaves . The leaves are unpaired to intermittently pinnate, the leaflets are short stalked or occasionally tapering down to the leaf axis. The hairiness of the leaves consists of simple, single-row, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, which have a unicellular or broad multicellular base. The upper side of the leaf is sparsely to moderately hairy and dark green in color, the underside is smooth or wrinkled and lighter in color than the surface, the reticulate veins are clearly visible. Pseudo stipules are present. The main leaf leaves have entire margins, inserted leaf segments are absent or, if present, have entire margins, sessile and run down to the leaf axis.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are often forked and have a long peduncle . Bracts are not formed. The flower stalks are clearly articulated in the middle or slightly above the middle. The flowers are radial symmetry. The calyx consists of five partially fused sepals and is hairless to finely hairy. The crown is bright yellow, yellowish or creamy white, fragrant and star-shaped, pentagonal or wheel-shaped. The overgrown petals are between a third and half of the length free from each other, so that triangular to short-triangular corolla lobes arise.
The five stamens are not fused to form a stamen tube. The anthers are straight, the same length and yellow in color, they stand individually or are slightly inclined together. They lack a sterile appendage at the tip, they initially jump up through pores at the tip, which later expand into inwardly turned slits over the entire length. The ovary is spherical-conical and hairless. The stylus is hairy white in the lower half, bent back, and 2 to 4 mm beyond standing on the dust bag. The scar is elongated club-shaped and somewhat bilobed.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical berries that are hairless and develop a thick, hard pericarp when ripe . The calyx breaks off easily on the fruit, thick and woody, shorter than the fruit and slightly bent back and protruding. The fruit stalks are usually straight, thickened and woody. The seeds are inverted ovate, lenticular, and winged along the edge.
Occurrence
The two species come from north-eastern Colombia across southern Ecuador and into southern Peru .
Systematics
External system
Within the nightshade ( Solanum ) the section Juglandifolia is classified in the subgenus Potatoe . Cladistic studies carried out on both a morphological and a molecular level have shown that the dissection is monophyletic. These studies also support the fact that the Juglandifolia are to be led with the rank of a section and not, as is often found in the literature, as a subsection of the Solanum sect. Lycopersicon . The relationships to closely related sections determined by these investigations are shown in the following cladogram:
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Internal system
Two types are distinguished within the section:
- Solanum juglandifolium Dunal
- Solanum ochranthum Dunal
swell
- Iris E. Peralta, David M. Spooner, Sandra Knapp: Taxonomy of Wild Tomatoes and their Relatives (Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides, sect. Juglandifolia, sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs, Volume 84, The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, June 2008. ISBN 978-0-912861-84-5 .