Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides
| Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides | ||||||||||||
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| Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides | ||||||||||||
| ( A.Child ) Peralta |
The section Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides is part of the subgenus Potatoe within the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ). It is assigned to two plant species that are endemic to extremely dry areas of the western Andes .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The species of the Lycopersicoides section are perennial plants that grow erect to somewhat elongated . They are either herbaceous and only woody at the base or shrubby and then with upright or winding ascending, woody branches. The shoot axes are light green to green-purple, hairless or slightly to densely hairy. The hairs consist of simple, single-row glandular and non-glandular trichomes that fall off with age.
The sympodial units have five leaves . The leaves are interrupted, unpaired or asymmetrically pinnate, the leaflets are rarely short stalked, but mostly they are sessile or descending on the leaf axis. The hairiness resembles that of the stem axis, with the upper side only sparsely hairy, the lower side thicker and covered with longer hair. Pseudo stipules are clearly pronounced, the first-order partial leaves are irregularly lobed, roughly notched or serrated like a sawtooth. Occasionally there are sub-leaflets inserted between the first-order sub-leaves.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are usually forked two, three or more times and are usually accompanied by a bract . There is a peduncle , the pedicels are articulated directly below the calyx . The flowers are radial symmetry. The calyx is five-part, mostly bald to finely hairy. The crown is bright yellow, pentagonal to wheel-shaped and divided into five parts up to about half the length, so that triangular to short-triangular corolla lobes arise.
The five stamens are not fused to form a stamen tube. The anthers are pale yellow to almost white. They are straight, of the same length, stand alone or are slightly inclined together. A sterile appendage at the tip of the dust bag is not formed. The anthers initially pop open through pores at the tip, which later expand into slits that run down the inside of the anthers. The ovary is spherical-conical and hairless. The stylus is finely haired in white in the lower half, bent and stands about 2 to 4 mm beyond the anthers. The scar is elongated club-shaped.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are spherical, yellow to black, hairless and shiny berries . The pericarp is thin and leathery at maturity. The fruits stand on a straight fruit stalk. The calyx is permanent and protruding on the fruit, but it is shorter than the fruit. The seeds are inverted ovate, lenticular, and winged along the edge.
Occurrence and locations
The species of the section are endemic to the desert areas of the western Andes in Peru and Chile . They are adapted to extremely dry conditions.
Systematics
External system
Within the nightshade ( Solanum ) the section Lycopersicoides is classified in the subgenus Potatoe . Cladistic studies carried out on both a morphological and a molecular level have shown that the dissection is monophyletic. These investigations also support that the Lycopersicoides are to be led with the rank of a section and not, as is often found in the literature, as a subsection of the Solanum sect. Lycopersicon . The relationships to closely related sections determined by these investigations are shown in the following cladogram:
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Internal system
Two types are distinguished within the section:
- Solanum lycopersicoides Dunal
- Solanum sitiens I.M.Johnston
swell
- Iris E. Peralta, David M. Spooner, Sandra Knapp: Taxonomy of Wild Tomatoes and their Relatives (Solanum sect. Lycopersicoides, sect. Juglandifolia, sect. Lycopersicon; Solanaceae) . Systematic Botany Monographs, Volume 84, The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, June 2008. ISBN 978-0-912861-84-5 .