Solidarity agriculture

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Weekly share of vegetables and fruits in a community-supported agriculture project in the USA.

Solidarity agriculture ( Solawi for short ; also community court, agricultural community, supply community, in Austria also community-supported agriculture (GeLaWi) or - especially in Switzerland - regional contract agriculture and in the USA community-supported agriculture or CSA for short ) refers to a form of organization in agriculture , where a group of consumers cooperates with one or more partner farmers at the local level .

The consumers give a purchase guarantee (about half a year or a year) for the production and in return receive insight into and influence on the production. As a rule, each consumer pays a fixed monthly amount. In some cases, farmers also receive a low-interest loan, for example to enable them to set up their farms or switch to organic production.

History and regions

The concept first emerged in Japan in the 1960s . In 2015, almost every fourth household took part in a Teikei (提携, German "partnership"). In 1978, as part of the modern western environmental movement near Geneva in Switzerland, the cooperative Les jardins de Cocagne ("Schlaraffengärten") was established. Soon afterwards, in the USA, from around 1985, the economy called CSA developed in a circle influenced by anthroposophy around the farmer Trauger Groh and Jan VanderTuin, who immigrated from Switzerland. In 2005 there were around 1700 groups in the USA, while in 2011 in Altstetten near Zurich several initiatives and individuals founded the Association of Regional Contract Agriculture (RVL) .

In Germany, the Solidarity Agriculture Association represents the concept of the same name. It arose around the biodynamic “Buschberghof” in Fuhlenhagen , which introduced the idea in 1988. In 2018, a draft contract of the CDU / CSU-SPD federal government contained the term: “We want to promote regional value creation and marketing projects within the framework of the model and demonstration projects (best practice), e.  B. Network Solidarity Agriculture (Solawi). “In 2019, the Munich cooperative Potato Combine, founded in 2012, was one of the largest around 1,800 households; she has been running her own nursery in Spielberg in the municipality of Egenhofen since 2017 . Over 250 communities were created by 2020.

In Austria , the GeLa Ochsenherz initiative founded in 2011 around the Demeter garden of the same name in Gänserndorf is the nucleus of more than 20 other initiatives.

In France , the concept exists under the name “Association pour le maintien de l'agriculture paysanne”, or AMAP for short (consumer association for the maintenance of rural agriculture ). These are regional associations that serve the secure purchase of agricultural products from their region of origin. Typical products are fruits, vegetables, eggs, cheese, meat and other products.

In 2001 CSA was one of the favored concepts of the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre (Brazil).

The world's largest organization of solidarity agriculture is the South Korean cooperative Hansalim . In 2014 it supplied around 1.6 million people with over 2,000 farms.

A winery in Merzhausen has been offering solidarity viticulture since 2020 .

Legal models

The basic idea of ​​solidarity agriculture is that consumers share the entrepreneurial risk of the agricultural producer. Legally, this can be done in different ways:

  • Individual contracts (SoLaWi type 1): Cooperation contracts between the producer and each individual customer (as a continuation of the principle of agricultural direct marketing )
  • Buyer corporation (SoLaWi type 2, SoLaWi in the narrower sense): Association of buyers (e.g. as an association or cooperative ); the latter concludes a cooperation agreement with one or more producers and distributes the products
  • Co-entrepreneurship (SoLaWi type 3): corporate law participation of the buyer in a producer company. The co-entrepreneurship can come from an already existing producer company or from an association of buyers who, for example, set up a distribution company.

reception

In Germany and other countries, the concept was first made known to a wider audience in 2005 through the documentary Farmer John - With pitchfork and feather boa . In the spring of 2013 the documentary The Strategy of the Crooked Cucumbers was published by the alternative film collective Cine Rebelde about a project of solidarity agriculture in Germany, the Gartencoop Freiburg. In October 2019, Bavarian television presented a project entitled Harvesting and Sharing - Solidarity Agriculture . The documentary Bauer sucht Crowd from 2015 portrayed various farms in Austria.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "TEIKEI" system, the producer-consumer co-partnership and the movement of the Japan Organic Agriculture Association (1993)
  2. ↑ Stefan Mann: Socioeconomics of agriculture (2015), p. 76
  3. ↑ Bettina Dyttrich: And what do we eat tomorrow? In: woz.ch . September 17, 2015, accessed January 23, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Life in the city, eating like in the country. In: handelszeitung.ch . July 4, 2016, accessed January 23, 2020 .
  5. ↑ cocagne.ch , accessed on January 2, 2012
  6. ^ "History of Community Supported Agriculture, Part 1" (2005), Rodale Institute, accessed September 10, 2019.
  7. ↑ http://www.regionalevertragslandwirtschaft.ch/verband/index.php/verband
  8. ↑ https: //www.solidäre-landwirtschaft.org/das-konzept/
  9. ^ Hartmut Netz: Solidarity Agriculture in Germany. In: nabu.de . August 2015, accessed May 10, 2019 .
  10. ↑ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/downloads/20936562/4/koav- Gesamttext-stand- 070218-1145h.pdf Version of February 7, 2018, page 85
  11. ↑ Ingrid Hügenell: Egenhofen: regional, seasonal, solidarity. In: sueddeutsche.de . April 12, 2019, accessed May 5, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Potato Combine e. G .: What happened so far. Potato Combine e. G., accessed on September 6, 2018 (German).
  13. ↑ List of farms on solidarian-landwirtschaft.org
  14. ↑ ochsenherz.at , accessed on May 4, 2017
  15. ↑ List of Austrian initiatives , accessed on May 4, 2017
  16. ↑ sticky note on RFI International (accessed January 19, 2010)
  17. ↑ Site national des AMAP (French) (accessed January 19, 2010)
  18. ↑ https://www.one-world-award.de/hansalim-korea.html
  19. ↑ https://www.brandeins.de/magazine/brand-eins-wirtschaftsmagazin/2019/marketing/hansalim-zu-tisch-genossen
  20. ↑ Merzhausen municipality. In: PRESS RELEASE - No. 10/2020. May 11, 2020, accessed May 21, 2020 .
  21. ↑ Thomas Rüter, Matthias Zaiser: Legal issues of solidarity agriculture (2015)
  22. ↑ Documentary "Farmer John - With pitchfork and feather boa" ( Memento from September 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ↑ The documentary The strategy of crooked cucumbers can be seen on the homepage of Cine Rebelde.
  24. ↑ BR media library. Retrieved October 27, 2019 (German).
  25. ^ Documentary film Bauer sucht Crowd by Nina Rath