Social Democrat Halkçı Parti

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Social Democratic Populist Party
Sosyal Democrat Halkçı Parti (SHP)
The SHP logo
founding November 3, 1985 by Erdal İnönü
Predecessor: Halkçı Parti and SODEP
resolution February 18, 1995
Successor: CHP
Alignment Social Democracy
Secularism / Laicism

The Sosyaldemokrat Halkçı Parti (German: Social Democratic Populist Party ) was a Turkish party that was founded after the closure of the Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) with the military coup in 1980 in order to win over the voters of the CHP. It emerged from a merger of the Halkçı Parti and Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi on November 3, 1985 . The party emblem showed six arrows surrounded by olive branches. The social democrat Halkçı Parti merged on February 18, 1995 with the re-established CHP.

Chairperson

ideology

The SHP was founded in place of the CHP. With her predecessor parties, SODEP and HP, she was out for the votes of the CHP. The SHP was a representative of the Social Democrats who developed since the 1960s and did not come from Marxism . As for the economy, she was against strict state control and in favor of a mixture of liberal economy and state control. It supported the free market economy, but this did not mean that the state intervened. The SHP has always been aloof from privatization. Throughout its existence the SHP was the spokesman for the Social Democrats. She was open to the working class and defended their rights. However, since she could never rule alone, she could not carry out her party politics. With regard to the Kurdish problem, it was freer and more moderate compared to the other parties and was therefore criticized by some circles.

History of the SHP

After the military coup on September 12, 1980, all political parties were banned. Many politicians were arrested and lawsuits were held. In addition, a new constitution was drawn up by the junta. On November 7, 1982, this constitution was passed in a referendum with 91.3%. In the same vote, the Chairman of the National Security Council (MGK) and Minister of State Kenan Evren were elected 7th President. The parliamentary elections were due to take place on November 6, 1983, and political parties were re-allowed from mid-1983, but the MGK had great control. The members of the MGK were able to prevent the formation of a party through a veto.

For these reasons the SODEP of Erdal İnönü, who wanted to win the voters of the closed CHP, could not take part in the election. On the other hand, the successors of the Adalet Partisi the Büyük Türkiye Partisi and the Doğru Yol Partisi were also blocked. The ANAP from Turgut Özal , the Halkçı Parti from Necdet Calp and the Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi from Turgut Sunalp took part in the elections. The 1983 election was won by the ANAP with 45% and was able to set up a single government.

The local elections on March 24, 1984 also won the ANAP. But this time SODEP and DYP also took part in the elections. SODEP became the second largest party. It became clear that the votes of the CHP voters went to SODEP. At their first congress on April 13, 1984, Erdal İnönü said that the left forces needed to be united under one roof. In July, İnönü and Necdet Calp from HP had agreed in principle on a merger. 1985 Aydın Güven Gürkan was elected as the new chairman of the HP and agreed to a merger. Gürkan even wanted the Democracy Sol Parti (DSP), which had been founded by Bülent Ecevits Rahsan Ecevit's wife , to participate, but was rejected.

On September 26, 1985, Gürkan and İnönü signed the protocol on the unification of the parties and gave the name of the new party with the social democrat Halkçı Parti . At the HP congress, the party's name was then changed to SHP. SODEP later disbanded and joined the SHP. On May 30, 1986, the first SHP congress was held and Erdal İnönü was elected chairman. İnönü was elected as a member of parliament in the election on September 26, 1986. The SHP received 22% in this election.

On September 6, the ANAP held a referendum to lift the junta's political bans. The result was very close with 50.1% for the repeal. In the election on November 29, 1987, the ANAP came back to power alone - albeit with a loss of votes. It won 292 seats with 36%. The SHP had 99 and the DYP 59 seats.

On June 25, 1988 Erdal İnönü was re-elected chairman of the SHP. Deniz Baykal was elected General Secretary and opposed Erdal İnönü. The local elections on March 26, 1989 were won by the SHP. She won the mayorships of İstanbul , Ankara , Izmir and 39 other provincial capitals. She claimed that the people had lost confidence in the ruling party and called for new elections. Turgut Özal was elected to succeed Kenan Evren on November 9, 1989, despite the opposing votes of the SHP and DYP. On December 12th, İnönü and Süleyman Demirel from DYP met and jointly called for new elections. Meanwhile, the power struggle between İnönü and Baykal raged within the SHP. In September 1990 Deniz Baykal resigned from his post of general secretary. At the 6th Congress on September 29, 1990 Erdal İnönü won the election as chairman with 504 votes against Deniz Baykal with 405 votes. Hikmet Çetin was elected General Secretary . But Baykal continued his opposition. At the next congress in June 1991 İnönü won in the third ballot with 534 to 451 again against Baykal. Hikmet Çetin remained Secretary General.

After Turgut Özal's election as president, a power struggle began within the ANAP. Mesut Yılmaz was elected chairman of the ANAP in June 1991 and the party opted for early elections on October 20, 1991. This time the DYP was the strongest party with 27% of the vote. ANAP became second and SHP third. The chairman of the DYP Süleyman Demirel was commissioned to form a government. He founded the government from a coalition of the DYP with the SHP on October 20, 1991. The SHP chairman Erdal İnönü became deputy prime minister.

The SHP was a long way from being successful in the 1989 local elections. The opposition within the party benefited most from this. The SHP took part in the 1991 elections together with the Halkın Emek Partisi (HEP). When MPs of Kurdish origin such as Leyla Zana tried to take their oath in Kurdish at the opening of parliament , there were tumults. Due to incidents during the Nouru celebrations on March 21, 1992, the HEP deputies resigned from the SHP. When a prohibition procedure was initiated against the HEP, its members founded the DEP. Both parties were later banned. On May 11, 1994, members of the HEP and the DEP then founded the HADEP .

Before the 7th Party Congress on 25./26. In January 1992 Deniz Baykal and İsmail Cem published a book called Yeni Sol (Eng .: New Left). In it they represented a restructuring of the SHP. At the 7th Congress İnönü defeated Baykal again and was elected chairman.

In June 1992, the law on the establishment of parties banned in 1980 under the same name was repealed. The opposition leader within the SHP Deniz Baykal and other politicians of CHP roots wanted to re-establish the CHP. The CHP was reopened on September 9, 1992. A group of MPs from the SHP switched to the CHP. The chairman Erdal İnönü called on the CHP to join the SHP, while they wanted exactly the opposite.

In 1993, Süleyman Demirel was elected as his successor after the sudden death of President Turgut Özal. The coalition partner SHP supported Demirel's election. The SHP then remained a coalition partner in the new government of the DYP under Tansu Çiller . In June 1993, chairman İnönü announced his withdrawal from politics. Murat Karayalçın was elected as the new chairman at the party congress in September .

Three left-wing parties ran for the 1994 local elections. As the winner of the previous local elections, the SHP lost many votes as well as the mayor's offices in large cities. Then the subject of the merger of the left-wing parties came up again. The DSP refused, while the CHP was open-minded. At a joint congress of the SHP and the CHP on February 18, 1995, the SHP was dissolved and the members switched over to the CHP.

The SHP and the parliamentary elections

Election year Absolutely Votes in percent Number of MPs
1987 5,931,000 24.74 99 of 450
1991 5,066,571 20.75 88 of 450

The SHP and the local elections

Election year Votes in percent Number of mayors
1989 28.67 652
1991 13.53 436