Spio filicornis
| Spio filicornis | ||||||||||||
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Spio seticornis (Figures 1-7) and Spio filicornis (Figures 8-12). Otto Fabricius (1785): From the Spio sex, a new worm sex . |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Spio filicornis | ||||||||||||
| ( OV Müller , 1766) |
Spio filicornis (at Otto Fabricius "the thread horny spio") is a tube-forming marine annelid from the family of Spionidae within the class of polychaete (Polychaeta), in seas of the Northern Hemisphere is widespread.
features
Spio filicornis has a cylindrical body up to 3 cm long and 2 mm wide, flattened at the front, which can count up to 90 segments and is about 1.8 cm long with 55 segments. The prostomium is triangular, with an incision in front and a caruncle that extends to the 1st or 2nd segment. At the rear section of the prostomium there are two pairs of eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement and two short and thick palps just in front of them . The lobes behind the bristles of the notopodia are oval to broadly rounded on the anterior segments, high and narrow on the middle segments, and become short and oval on the posterior segments. The lobes behind the bristles of the neuropodia are rectangular and smaller than those on the notopodia. The long, finger-shaped gills are located on the segments from the 1st segment to almost the end of the body and are only partially fused with the lobes behind the bristles on the rearmost segments. The first gill is almost as long as the remaining gills. All parapodia have finely winged bristles : from the 9th to the 18th bristle-bearing segment usually 9 to 10 two-toothed hooks with hood and from the 17th bristle-bearing segment 1 to 3 spines on the neuropodia. The pygidium bears 4 leaf-like to conical cirrus , whereby the dorsal cirrus is longer than the ventral.
Distribution, habitat and way of life
Spio filicornis is common in the Arctic , Pacific Ocean , Atlantic Ocean , Mediterranean Sea , Black Sea , Red Sea , North Sea, and Oresund .
The animal builds living tubes from slime and sand and lives on sand or mixed surfaces from the intertidal zone to a depth of 400 m.
With its two palps, Spio filicornis catches food particles such as phytoplankton and detritus and transports them to the mouth via the eyelashes.
Development cycle
Spio filicornis is separate from the sexes, and the mother animal attaches its spindle-shaped clutches to the inner wall of its living tube. The fertilization of the egg cells takes place in the living tube of the mother animal. The young animals are incubated inside the tube up to the larval stage with three bristle-bearing segments and leave their mother at the age of 3 days to live as free-swimming zooplankton. With a number of 18 to 22 bristle-bearing segments and a length of around 1.8 mm, the larva begins to metamorphose into a crawling worm and sinks to the sea floor to build a first living tube. Sexual maturity is reached 2 months later.
etymology
The generic name Spio comes from Speio , a sea nymph ( Nereid ) in Greek mythology, analogous to the Nereiden family .
literature
- Gesa Hartmann-Schröder (1996): Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta. Tierwelt Deutschlands 58, pp. 1–648, here pp. 299–303 (Spio), 297–341 (Spionidae).
- Otto Friedrich Müller : Zoologiae Danicae prodromus: seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hafniae, Typiis Hallageriis, 1776. Nereis , 2640. N. filicornis , p. 218.
- Otto Fabricius (1785): From the Spio family, a new worm family Nereis seticornis and Nereis filicornis, with illustrations. Writings of the Berlin Society of Friends of Nature Research 6, pp. 256–270.
- Anders Sandöe Örsted (1844): On the classification of annulates with a description of some new or insufficiently known genera and species. Archive for Natural History, Berlin, 10 (1), pp. 99–112, here p. 106f.
- B. Srikrishnadhas, K. Ramamoorthi (1981): Studies on the Life History of Spio filicornis (Muller 1776). Mahasagar Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography 14, pp. 303-307.
- Nancy J. Maciolek (1990): A redescription of some species belonging to the genera Spio and Microspio (Polychaeta: Annelida) and descriptions of three new species from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Natural History 24 (5), pp. 1109–1141, here pp. 1116–1118. DOI: 10.1080 / 00222939000770701
- Karin Meißner, Andreas Bick, Ralf Bastrop (2011): On the identity of Spio filicornis (OF Müller, 1776) —with the designation of a neotype, and the description of two new species from the North East Atlantic Ocean based on morphological and genetic studies. Zootaxa 2815, pp. 1-27.
Web links
- MJ de Kluijver et al .: Spio filicornis ( OV Müller, 1766). Macrobenthos of the North Sea - Polychaeta, Marine Species Identification Portal
- OED Ager: Spio filicornis (OV Müller, 1766). In: H. Tyler-Walters, K. Hiscock (Eds.): Marine Life Information Network, Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth 2007.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Vollmer : Dictionary of the Mythology of All Nations: With 129 panels , Hoffmann'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1836. S. 1454. Retrieved on January 25, 2019.