St-Martin-des-Champs
Saint-Martin-des-Champs ( St. Martin in the Fields ) is the former monastery church built in the 12th and 13th centuries of an abbey or priory of the same name, which was dissolved during the French Revolution and whose name derives from its original location in the north from Paris along the old Roman road to Soissons- extending fields. Only the church building and the former refectory have been preserved from the once important monastery complex, which gave its name to the former Roman road in today's 3rd Arrondissement , Rue Saint-Martin . They are owned by the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers art and trade school , which shows exhibits from the attached Musée des arts et métiers in the church and uses the refectory as a library (see there).
Saint-Martin-des-Champs Abbey and Priory
The Saint-Martin-des-Champs Abbey emerged from a community of monks attested to outside the city since the 8th century. It was placed under royal protection by Henry I (or his wife Anna of Kiev ) and reorganized in 1060 . In 1079 , Saint-Martin was converted into a priory of Cluny Abbey .
The place of the same name developed around the monastery, which at the time of the construction of the city wall by Philip Augustus (1190–1210) was still outside the city, but was incorporated with the construction of the city wall under Étienne Marcel (from 1356).
The church, which mixes Romanesque and Gothic style elements, was built in the 12th and 13th centuries. The apse dates from the 1130s, the Gothic refectory was built in the 1235s by Pierre de Montreuil , the architect of the Sainte-Chapelle . The monastery buildings were designed by Antoine at the end of the 18th century.
After the dissolution of the monastery by the French Revolution, the Conservatoire nationale des arts et métiers was housed here in 1798, the current buildings of which were built by Léon Vaudoyer from 1845 . The church is now an annex to the Musée des arts et métiers (the original Foucault's pendulum is located here ), and the refectory became a library.
Church building
The choir is the oldest surviving part of the church and dates from the second quarter of the 12th century. It is considered a transition between Romanesque and Gothic and is therefore an important building in French architectural history. The ambulatory is still designed as a Romanesque groin vault, but it is caught by the early Gothic ribs of the chapels. Here an attempt was made for the first time to spatially connect the ambulatory and the chapels, which was a clear departure from the Romanesque style, which always strictly separated the ambulatory and chapels. The usual separating tongue walls have even been omitted, so that the chapels merge into one another. Thus, the pattern of a double handling was already formed here, which was later used in the Notre Dame as a definitive form of Gothic. However, it is clear that when the church of St-Martin-des-Champs was being built, the builders were still unsure about the use of the new shapes. The simple, single-nave nave dates from the 13th century. The refectory is a two-aisled, Gothic building.
organ
The organ dates from the 2nd half of the 19th century and was built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll . The instrument has 19 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The playing and stop actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Usage today
Today the church and the refectory are part of the Musée des arts et métiers . The nave forms the hall under the title "Pantheon of Technology". Here are some very valuable milestones in the history of technology, such as the Lenoir gas engine and Amédée Bollée's first steam-powered bus . The Foucault pendulum, on the other hand, is located in the church choir. The refectory houses the library and is not accessible to normal museum visitors.
literature
- Cornelia Heintz: Beginnings and development of the Cluniac priory Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris (1079–1150) . (Diss. Phil.) Münster 1982.
- Andreas Sohn : From canons to monasteries and monasteries. Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris , in: From the monastery to the monastery association, Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften 74, 1997, pp. 206-238.
- Catherine Brut: La fouille d'un grand monument médiéval, le prieuré de Saint-Martin-des-Champs , in: Archeologia, No. 378, 05/2001.
- Philippe Rachet: Paris - Prieuré de Saint-Martin-des-Champs , in: Dossiers d'Archéologie, July / August 2002, no.275.
Web links
- Ancienne abbaye Saint-Martin-des-Champs in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- private page with photos
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 48 ° 51 '57.9 " N , 2 ° 21' 16.8" E