St. Jacob's Church (Zurich)
The St. Jakobs Church is an Evangelical Reformed church in the Aussersihl district in the city of Zurich . It is located at Stauffacherstrasse 34 right next to the Stauffacher tram stop .
history
The community of Aussersihl, which was independent until 1891, experienced a construction boom from the 1860s onwards, as many immigrants from Switzerland and neighboring countries found work in Zurich's industries and could not live in Zurich due to a lack of space. For the growing Reformed parish, the prayer house from the years 1843 to 1844, which had stood in the place of today's Church of St. Jacob, became too small, so that a new building was necessary. When the Roman Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, opened in 1874, in the immediate vicinity of the old Reformed house of prayer, was extended in 1896 and received its 60-meter-high front tower, this aroused the ambition of the Reformed parish to underpin its priority architecturally with a representative new building. From 1896 to 1897 there was an international architecture competition for the new St. Jakob Church, which was to replace the prayer house. The competition was won by architects Johannes Vollmer and Heinrich Jassoy from Berlin , who specialize in church construction . According to their plans, the church was built between 1899 and 1901. Hermann Stotz and Gottfried Held were in charge of construction. From 1937 to 1938, the church was purified according to contemporary tastes under the direction of architect Alfred Debrunner. Between 2003 and 2004 an interior renovation was carried out under monument conservation aspects, whereby the interior design was largely brought into line with the original condition.
Building description
Appearance and location
With its mighty facade, the St. Jakob Church dominates the Stauffacher and the intersection of Stauffacher and Badenerstrasse. In front of the church there is a small green area through which a curved path leads to the main portal. The other sides are also surrounded by a narrow green belt, which is separated from the street area by a base wall and hedges. The building is in the style of the German early Renaissance . It has high Renaissance gables made of quarry stone walls, the windows in the nave are designed as twin windows, those in the choir as thermal baths. The high tower on the front and on the side is 86 meters high and thus towers over the steeple of the nearby Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul by 20 meters. The five-part bell sounds in the tone sequence As ° c 'es' f 'as' and was created in 1901 by the Rüetschi bell foundry . Behind the tower is the one-sided annex building in which the side gallery and the classrooms are located below.
The church is classified as worthy of municipal protection (lowest of the three levels) and is therefore a listed building . The green area is also included in the inventory of gardens and facilities worthy of protection .
Interior and equipment
The interior is spanned by a barrel vault. In the side aisles there are galleries , which make optimal use of the limited building site, so that the church offers 1,400 seats. The room is oriented towards the Lord's Supper table in the liturgical district and the singers' gallery including the organ. The pulpit is located to the side of the liturgical district, but when the church is full, including the galleries, it moves into the center of the assembled congregation, so that, in the Reformed tradition, the divine service is oriented towards the pulpit and the sermon. The preserved furnishings from the construction period include the portico gable , the Last Supper table and the pulpit base by Emil Schneebeli, the pulpit with the relief carvings by Josef Regl, the choir stalls by Gustav Volkart and the stained glass windows by Heinrich Huber-Stutz.
organ
The organ was built in 1901 by the organ builder Kuhn ( Männedorf ). The instrument originally had 40 sounding stops and two transmissions on three manuals including a pedal . The wind was generated by a water motor . In 1908 this was replaced by an electric blower . In 1923 there was an expansion of the disposition by eight registers, the installation of octave couplers and a register swell. The console, which was in the middle of the organ until 1982, was also rebuilt. The wind pressure was also reduced to 95 - 100 mm water column. In 1930 the instrument was expanded by ten registers, according to the organ movement at the time. Presumably a third manual was built in here. In 1950 the 10 2/3 'quintbass was replaced by an 8' covered bass. After a thorough renovation in 1966, the instrument was rebuilt again in 1983, expanded to 72 registers and equipped with an electronic setting system. This basic renovation was carried out by Orgelbau Geneva AG, Genève. The organ was a slider chests expanded -positive and a fourth Manual. The structure of the work and the disposition can be characterized as follows: The first manual is a baroque positive, the second manual a baroque main work, with romantic music the main work works like a positive of a Cavaillé-Coll organ. This manual is also used to play the registers in the old swell, with individual solo registers (flûte harmonique, clarinet, viol and others) being moved to the swell. The third manual is a French swell with a full principal choir, the fourth manual a romantic masterpiece. It takes over the pedal function in whole or in part in baroque music. Finally, the pedal is primarily a romantic bass register. During the church renovation in 2004, the console was moved back to its original location in the middle in front of the organ. In 2012 a revision and renovation was carried out by organ builder Thomas Wälti, Gümligen . He built in a new console and reinserted the stored physharmonica. The allocation of the works to the manuals has been reorganized. The disposition of today's organ still corresponds to the late romantic tradition and is also suitable for French symphonic music. The two works in the baroque style are no longer permanently connected to a manual; they can now be freely assigned to each manual.
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Super octave coupling: II / I, II / II, III / I, III / II, III / III, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Sub-octave coupling: II / I, II / II, III / I, III / II, III / III, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : crescendo, tutti, 256-fold electronic typesetter
Trivia
The church was built on the cemetery site of the previous building, the St. Jakob Chapel, which was demolished in 1902/03. This chapel was first a sick house, then a beneficiary house. A watercolor by the Zurich drawing teacher Jakob Heinrich Reutlinger shows the state around 1850.
See also
literature
- INSA Inventory of Newer Swiss Architecture 1850–1921, Volume 10 . Orell Füssli , Winterthur, Zurich, Zug, 1992. ISBN 3-280-02180-4 , page 414
- Building Construction Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006.
Individual evidence
- ^ Building Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006, pp. 50–52.
- ^ Building Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006, p. 50.
- ^ Building Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006, pp. 50 and 52.
- ^ Organ directory Switzerland and Liechtenstein, section Ref. Church St. Jakob Zurich-Aussersihl, Dispo 2012. Retrieved on August 10, 2015.
- ^ August Laube, Helvetica. Drawings and graphics , Zurich 2009, p. 30 f.
Web links
- Site of the Church of St. Jacob
- Description on the website of the church administration
- Bells on YouTube
Coordinates: 47 ° 22 '26.6 " N , 8 ° 31' 44.3" E ; CH1903: 682,347 / 247597