St. Peter and Paul (Zurich)
The neo-Gothic St. Peter and Paul Church in Zurich - Aussersihl , completed in 1874 and consecrated in 1885, is the first Roman Catholic church building to be built in Zurich after the Reformation . It is the mother church of Catholic Zurich and has been under federal monument protection since 1980.
history
backgrounds
The Edict of Tolerance of the Zurich Government Council of September 10, 1807, for the first time since the Reformation by Huldrych Zwingli in 1523, allowed a Catholic community in Zurich again. The 14th century St. Anna chapel was made available to the Catholics, who previously could only attend church services in Fahr Monastery , an enclave in Aargau . In 1819, Zurich, along with Obwalden and Nidwalden , parts of Uri , Schwyz and as part of the now extinct diocese of Constance, were given to the diocese of Chur for provisional administration.
As Catholics from eastern and central Switzerland increasingly emigrated to Zurich in the course of industrialization , the St. Anna Chapel became too small for the rapidly growing community. Since the city council of Zurich did not give permission for an extension to the St. Anna Chapel, another solution had to be found. On October 19, the Catholics received permission to hold their services in the ship of the Fraumünster on Sundays and public holidays until further notice . This permit was later limited to the end of 1843. In 1842 the Catholic parish of Zurich was granted permission to use the Augustinian Church , which first had to be renovated. On October 21, 1844, the Bishop of Chur, Kaspar von Carl inaugurated the Augustinian Church. In 1864 the Catholic community of Zurich founded mission stations in Männedorf , Gattikon and in the Hinwil district .
Development and construction history
After the First Vatican Council there was a schism among the Catholics in Zurich . In a community vote on June 8, 1873, 290 out of 396 voters joined the Christian Catholic movement . 106, as Catholics loyal to Rome, spoke out against it. The Augustinian church was therefore christian catholic and romtreue minority had to leave the Augustinian church after the morning service on 29 June 1873rd Catholics loyal to Rome were showered with malice by the press. Until a new church was built, the congregation loyal to Rome had to celebrate their services in the theater foyer. The Roman Catholic parishioners founded a joint stock company to finance the construction of a Roman Catholic church in Zurich or the surrounding area. After a building site was found in the then still independent community of Aussersihl, the church of St. Peter and Paul was built in just one year with material support from the Catholic cantons.
On August 2, 1874, the Roman Catholic community was able to inaugurate the emergency church in Aussersihl , which was rebuilt between 1873 and 1874 under the direction of the master builder Rudolf Gottlieb Gull (1832-1911), the father of the builder of the Zürcher Landesmuseum Gustav Gull . The simple hall church , known as the "Poor people's church of Aussersihl", had neither benches nor pulpit , altar structures or baptismal font when it was inaugurated .
In 1884 the church received the neo-Gothic high altar , which was made possible with donations from the faithful. Pope Pius IX gave the Diaspora Parish of Zurich the large twin monstrance from the former monastery treasure of Muri . In 1885 the Bishop of Chur, Constantin Rampa, consecrated the church. At that time a church was only allowed to be consecrated if it was no longer burdened with too great a debt.
In 1895, the church, which had become too small, was expanded to include an extension on the front and a neo-Gothic tower . The increased self-confidence of Zurich's Catholics was also reflected in the façade with the sixty meter high tower, which simulates a three-aisled church interior . The architects were Alfred Chiodera (1850–1916) and Theophil Tschudy (1847–1911) , who also designed the synagogue of the Israelitische Cultusgemeinde on Löwenstrasse in 1884, the Villa Patumbah in 1885 and the Zurich theater (Pfauenbühne) in 1888/1889. The church tower of St. Peter and Paul was the first church tower in all of Aussersihl. For the Evangelical Reformed parish of St. Jakob, the 60 meter high Catholic church tower was an incentive to build its tower, which was completed five years later, 15 meters higher.
The numerous Italian workers who immigrated to Zurich and the surrounding area since the 1860s had to live in some cases under precarious conditions. This led to social tensions and disputes with the young Swiss - the so-called Italian riots of 1896. As a reaction to this, the Salesians founded the Missione Zurigo in 1898, from which today's Missione Cattolica di Lingua Italiana (MCLI) with their church Don Bosco at the corner of Hohlstrasse and Feldstrasse.
In 1897 the casino cooperative was founded, which operated a restaurant and a hall as a community center. In 1927 the parish of St. Peter and Paul had major construction plans for an extension of the church and for a large-scale development with a schoolhouse, family apartments and shopping facilities. The plans failed because of funding problems. In 1929, on the other hand, the youth center was built in connection with the Casino Aussersihl.
From 1943 to 1944 the church was renovated in a purification style under the direction of the Schwyz architect Joseph Steiner , whereby the neo-Gothic colors were replaced by a white paint. In 1968 the Werdquartier was rebuilt around the church of St. Peter and Paul. The old poor houses were demolished along with the old rectory and replaced by a new rectory and a parish hall on Werdgässchen. In 1973 the retirement home St. Peter and Paul could be moved into. The parsonage was inaugurated for the 100th anniversary of St. Peter and Paul, and in 1978 the converted casino hall was put into operation. The architect of all these structural measures was K. Wäspi.
After the Werdhochhaus had been built in the immediate vicinity of the church in the 1960s and the area around the church was facing a radical redesign, the question of whether the aging church of St. Peter and Paul was discussed in professional circles and in the parish should give way to a new building or whether it is worth preserving as a historical monument. After a heated debate, the parish of St. Peter and Paul voted with a resounding yes in favor of maintaining the church.
From 1979 to 1980, the church was completely renovated by the architect Walter Rieger , accompanied by the cantonal and federal preservation authorities , and returned to its neo-Gothic condition from 1896. The original neo-Gothic color scheme was also restored. At the same time the sacristy was enlarged and the St. Anna chapel, named in memory of the first Catholic place of worship in Zurich, was added. On October 26, 1980, the restored church and the newly built St. Annakapelle were inaugurated.
In 1987, exterior renovations were carried out on the Stauffacherin and the extended care ward of the St. Peter and Paul retirement home was opened.
The church tower renovation began in 2002 and was completed in April 2003 when the cross was re-erected by helicopter . In 2014 the St. Annakapelle was renovated by architect Walter Moser .
Daughter Parishes and the Presence
After the founding of the parish of St. Peter and Paul, the different parishes of the city developed from the mother church - parallel to the growing city of Zurich - in the following 80 years, starting with the Church of Our Lady , which was established for the right bank of the Limmat from 1893 . This was followed in 1898 by the appointment of the Missione Cattolica di Lingua Italiana as a personal parish in 1898, then the founding of the parishes Heilig Kreuz (Altstetten) 1900, St. Josef (industrial district) 1916, Herz Jesu (Wiedikon) 1921, St. Franziskus (Wollishofen) 1928 and Dreikönigen (Enge) 1951.
With 4,114 members (as of 2017), the parish of St. Peter and Paul is one of the medium-sized Roman Catholic parishes in the city of Zurich.
About naming
In the 19th century, Catholics were a minority in the Reformed Canton of Zurich. The Kulturkampf was a sign of the Reformed population's distrust of the immigrant Catholics. In response to this, ultramontanism emerged in the 19th century , which gave expression to the Catholics' feeling of belonging to the Pope and the Vatican in Rome. After the separation from the Christian Catholic Church in 1873, there was also the need to distinguish oneself against this newly formed denomination. These two circumstances resulted in a number of newly built churches being consecrated to St. Peter and Paul in the second half of the 19th century . a. also the oldest Catholic church in the canton of Zurich, St. Peter and Paul (built in 1868), and as the first Roman Catholic church in Zurich after the separation from the Christian Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul in Zurich-Aussersihl.
Building description
Church tower and bells
When the church became too small, the 60-meter-high neo-Gothic church tower was added to the church when the church was expanded. It is an axial front tower that changes from a square to an octagon at the top and, with the crowning pointed helmet , sets a height accent as a counterweight to the 55 meter long church. Plastic jewelry such as sculptures of apostles and prophets , tracery , eyelashes , pinnacles and finials adorn the tower.
The bells, cast in 1896 by the H. Rüetschi bell foundry , Aarau, were consecrated on November 22nd, 1896 and then wound up in the tower.
| number | Weight | volume |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3341 kg | B. |
| 2 | 1917 kg | of |
| 3 | 1239 kg | it |
| 4th | 802 kg | total |
| 5 | 404 kg | b |
Church interior and artistic equipment
The Church of St. Peter and Paul is a longitudinal building with a length of 55 meters, the nave has a length of 40 meters and a width of almost 15 meters. The entrance door on the woman's side was given a bronze woman's gate, the reliefs of which depict the importance of women in salvation history . The bronze gate on the men's side depicts Peter and Paul . Both bronze portals are from Max Spielmann from Innsbruck. Inside the church is centered in the raised polygonal closed choir with the main altar (crucifixion scene), the two side altars (right: Heart of Jesus , left: Mother of God) as well as the celebration altar, the ambo (both from 1980) and the baptismal font (from 1876) .
High altar
The neo-Gothic high altar comes from the wood sculptor Theodor Schnell the Elder. Ä. in Ravensburg and was inaugurated in 1884. The money for this was raised over the course of ten years by the “Fünfrappenverein”, a group of German maids and Tyrolean bricklayers who donated five cents a week (a maid's wages at that time were five francs a month). A crucifixion group is shown in the middle section, flanked by St. Peter and Paul.
Under the canteen ( table of the Lord ) of the high altar is a holy tomb, which is opened during Holy Week and shows Christ appearing to Mary Magdalene after his resurrection . The choir windows were designed by August Wanner in 1946.
Both side altars were made by Wilhelm Keller , Lucerne, in 1875. In the left altar the altarpiece depicts a Mother of God by Joseph Balmer , Lucerne. The predella shows the Annunciation and the antependium the homage to the three wise men . The right side altar has an altarpiece by Melchior Paul von Deschwanden , Stans, depicting the heart of Jesus. The predella shows the Lord's Supper , the antependium the Ascension .
Twin monstrance
When it was inaugurated in 1884, the poor church possessed an unusually valuable, unique cult device: the twin monstrance of Muri. This monstrance was one of two late Baroque , gold-plated silver monstrances decorated with foliage and enamel , created at the beginning of the 18th century in the heyday of the Muri monastery .
Both monstrances were confiscated by the canton of Aargau when the monastery was closed in 1841. One of them was returned to Muri, the other was sold together with other cult objects to France, where the papal nuncio auctioned the entire cult treasure in 1851 and had it brought to the Vatican. When the then Catholic pastor of Zurich, Anton Scalabrini, came to Rome on one of his numerous begging trips a few months before the church was completed, Pope Pius IX donated him . not only 5,000 francs, but also gave him the twin monstrance from the Paris auction.
Fore and aft
The nave of the church has been in its neo-Gothic design since the renovation from 1979 to 1980. The individual yokes are clearly structured through their construction and decoration, the hall appears wider thanks to the uniform hilted ceiling. At the front of the nave, with the group of three pointed arches, the Gothic style prevails, which is further emphasized in the neo-Gothic altars in the choir.
Equipment in the entrance area
In the vestibule there is a fresco by Franz Vettiger (1846–1919) from 1900, depicting the denial of Peter. The former baptistery is adorned with an iron grille with a dove of the Holy Spirit , a Pietà in lime wood, both from around 1896, and a glass window depicting the baptism of Christ and Christ blessing the children, both by Christian Heinrich Burckhardt , Munich from 1898.
Equipment in the nave
In the nave of the church there is a way of the cross made of clay cast by the Kunstanstalt München , 1877 and the pulpit by the Müller brothers, Wil SG, from 1874.
St. Anna Chapel
This side chapel is a new building from 1979–1980. It was adapted to the neo-Gothic style of the Church of St. Peter and Paul so that the whole ensemble appears uniform. Altar, tabernacle and lecture cross are from Josef Caminada , Zurich. The glass windows were created by Hermann A. Sigg, Oberhasli. Shown creation , Rebekah at the Well and St. Anne . The tapestry is by Ferdinand Gehr from 1982 and is entitled "Light". The sculpture of Anna Selbdritt comes from Asturias (Spain) and was made in the 16./17. Century made.
Organs
Main organs
The Church of St. Peter and Paul received an organ for the first time in 1891. It was an instrument from the organ building company Goll , Lucerne, with 20 sounding stops .
Today's main organ in the organ gallery was built in 1981 by the Späth Orgelbau company (Rapperswil). The instrument has 80 stops on four manuals and a pedal . The playing and stop actions are electric.
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-
Couple
- Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Sub-octave coupling: II / I, II / II, III / I, III / II, III / III
- Super octave coupling: I / I, II / I, II / II, III / I, III / II, III / III, II / P
Choir organ
The Church of St. Peter and Paul has had a second organ since 2001. It is a choir organ that was built by Orgelbau Rieger (Schwarzach / Vorarlberg). The instrument with mechanical performance and electrical stop action behind a neo-Gothic prospect has 27 stops.
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Coupling: II / I, II / P, I / P
- Playing aids : 768-fold typesetting system with sequence and memory card
See also
literature
- Guido Kolb: 100 years of St. Peter and Paul. Zurich 1974.
- Episcopal Ordinariate Chur (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese of Chur. Chur 1980.
- Hans Jörg Rieger, Walter Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 305). Ed. Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1982, ISBN 3-85782-305-4 .
- Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. Zurich 1989.
- Guido Kolb : When the priests were called reverend. A reader on the 200th anniversary of the Catholic community in Zurich. Edition NZN at TVZ, Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-290-20038-1 .
- Robert Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. New Year's Gazette Industriequartier / Aussersihl, Zurich 2012.
- City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development (Ed.): Catholic Churches of the City of Zurich. Inventory of Monument Preservation of the City of Zurich. Zurich 2014.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Robert Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. P. 16
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 192
- ↑ See article in Wikipedia on the Diocese of Chur
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 192
- ^ City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development (Ed.): Catholic Churches of the City of Zurich. Inventory of Monument Preservation of the City of Zurich. Zurich 2014. p. 176.
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 192
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 192
- ^ Robert Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. P. 16
- ^ Parish website, Buildings section. Retrieved July 13, 2013
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. P. 18
- ^ City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development (Ed.): Catholic Churches of the City of Zurich. Inventory of Monument Preservation of the City of Zurich. Zurich 2014. p. 176.
- ↑ See article in Wikipedia on Aussersihl
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 192
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 193
- ^ City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development (Ed.): Catholic Churches of the City of Zurich. Inventory of Monument Preservation of the City of Zurich. Zurich 2014. p. 176.
- ^ Robert Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. P. 16
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 193
- ^ Parish website, Buildings section. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
- ^ Parish website, Parish history section. Retrieved July 13, 2013
- ^ Rainald Fischer, The Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. in: Guido Kolb, 100 years of St. Peter and Paul. Pp. 190-191
- ^ Catholic Church in the Canton of Zurich. Annual report 2017. p. 84.
- ^ Rainald Fischer, The Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. in: Guido Kolb, 100 years of St. Peter and Paul. P. 194
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. P. 4
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 192
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. P. 16
- ^ Parish website, Buildings section. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. P. 15
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. P. 15
- ^ Rainald Fischer, The Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. in: Guido Kolb, 100 years of St. Peter and Paul. P. 194
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. P. 15
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. Pp. 7-8
- ^ Walter and Hans Jörg Rieger: Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Zurich-Aussersihl. P. 16
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. P. 192
- ↑ More information on the Great Organ , accessed on April 14, 2016.
- ↑ Disposition of the choir organ , accessed on April 14, 2016.
Coordinates: 47 ° 22 '19.8 " N , 8 ° 31' 39.7" E ; CH1903: six hundred and eighty-two thousand two hundred fifty-four / 247383