Epiphany (Zurich-Enge)

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Dreikönigen Church, view from Schulhausstrasse
Chancel designed in 2009 by Frédéric Dedelley
Interior view from the organ gallery
Pattern with a diagonal cross, detailed view of the church ceiling
The Kuhn organ from 1960
The roof turret
View of the clock tower of the reformed church Enge
The tabernacle in the crypt of Josef Caminada

The Dreikönigen Church is the Roman Catholic parish church in the Enge district of Zurich .

history

Background and naming

In the narrow area there was probably a chapel named Dreikönigen as early as the 14th century . This was first mentioned in a document in 1361 and 1367. The Dreikönigskapelle received its patronage from the chapel in the south tower of the Fraumünster Church , in which the relics of the Three Kings were kept when they were transported from Milan to Cologne from July 23 to 26, 1164. This chapel in the Fraumünster was originally dedicated to Mary and the Holy Sacrament . It was not until 1326 that the Three Kings were also mentioned as co-patrons during a new consecration. It is possible that the chapel in the Narrows was built around this time in memory of the translation of the relics of the Three Wise Men. The name of this chapel was reflected both in the coat of arms of the former municipality of Enge and in the name of today's district guild.

During the Reformation , the Dreikönigskapelle in der Enge was secularized and converted into a residential building, which remained in place until 1890 as a building on the site of today's Enge train station . After a fire in 1887, the house was demolished in 1890.

In the 19th century, more and more Catholics from eastern and central Switzerland migrated to Zurich, which is why the need for a Catholic church arose. In 1842 the Zurich government rented the Augustinian Church to the Catholic community, which at that time made up about 5% of the population. After the Christian Catholics split off in 1871, the Roman Catholic believers built the church of St. Peter and Paul in the workers' quarter of Aussersihl in 1874 . The growing number of Catholics soon demanded the establishment of more churches.

The building boom that began in Zurich in the first half of the 20th century, with the associated influx of further Catholics, gave rise to the desire for its own Catholic church in the Enge district as well. For more than 30 years, the Catholics in the Enge quarter looked for a suitable building site. Either the efforts failed because the building costs were too high, or the sellers did not want to make the land available for a Catholic church. When the SBB advertised narrow rooms for rent in the newly built station in 1936, the Cultus Association of St. Peter and Paul also took an interest. The SBB initially had concerns, but since the state exhibition planned for 1939 did not have any church buildings, the establishment of a chapel in the Enge train station near the exhibition grounds was welcomed by this party as well. The chapel in the Enge station building was inaugurated on January 6th, the day of remembrance of the Three Kings . The chapel remained until 1951.

Development and construction history

The Dreikönigs-Stiftung, founded in April 1946, had the goal of building a Catholic church in the Enge district. After a long search, the building site for today's Dreikönigen church was acquired at Schulhausstrasse 22.

The church was built in the years 1949–1951 according to the construction plans of Ferdinand Pfammatter and Walter Rieger , which at the same time was also the church of Maria Frieden (Dübendorf) and later the churches of St. Konrad (Albisrieden) , St. Gallus (Schwamendingen) and the Eglise Sainte Famille (Hottingen) had designed. Construction began on August 28, 1949, the foundation stone was laid on April 23, 1950 and the church was consecrated by the Chur bishop Christian Caminada on June 24, 1951.

Between 1967 and 1969 the architects Pfammatter and Rieger added one floor to the rectory and added a basement to the church so that community rooms could be set up. The chapel in the basement of the church was lost.

The church was renovated in 1973 under Walter Rieger and the altar area was adapted to the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council . Walter Rieger designed a new ambo and a font from the same stone as the altar ( Botticino marble ) . The cross that previously hung on the back wall of the choir was fitted into the middle choir window.

In 1984 the Catholic Church cleared the parish boundary between Dreikönigen and the neighboring parish of St. Theresia Friesenberg . In the same year the crypt was restored in the basement of the church and a conference room was added to the west facade of the church. Both were done by architect Fritz Oggenfuss.

In 1993 the architect Fritz Oggenfuss rebuilt the parish rooms under the church. Two classrooms were built in. At the same time, the cross was moved from the central choir window over the altar in the church. In 1999 an underground meeting room was built in the courtyard of the rectory.

In 2003 the architects Cadosch and Zimmermann built a small side chapel on the site of the former confessional room. The statue of the Virgin Mary, which had already stood in the chapel in Enge train station, and the sacrificial candles are located in it.

The church was renovated inside and outside and structurally adapted from 2007–2009 under the direction of the architects Cadosch and Zimmermann. The courtyard area in front of the parish hall was roofed over and the choir of the church was redesigned. Frédéric Dedelley, Zurich, designed new furniture for the choir and the entrance area.

With 2,351 members (as of 2017), the Dreikönigen parish is the third smallest of the Roman Catholic parishes in the city of Zurich after St. Martin Fluntern and Maria Hilf Leimbach .

Building description

The Dreikönigen church shows the proximity of the architects Pfammatter and Rieger to the French art of concrete architecture. The church building is based on a basilica floor plan with a main and two side aisles and has a round apse . The height effect of the main aisle is underlined by the low aisles. Due to the rhythmic concrete pillars and concrete belts, the large church windows and the decorative concrete latticework, the Three Kings are considered to be concrete Gothic. The dimensions of the church and the monumental stained glass rosette above the organ gallery reinforce the impression of the proximity of this church to a Gothic cathedral .

Nonetheless, the Dreikönigen church looks modest from the outside. The church does not have a steeple or bells. This was a condition for the purchase of the property, as the sellers of the area were reluctant to build a full-fledged Catholic church. The Dreikönigen Church is located on a private side street in the middle of a bourgeois residential area dominated by the reformed Enge Church, built by architect Alfred Friedrich Bluntschli in 1892–1894 , which is located on a moraine hill and shapes the cityscape of Zurich with its striking silhouette .

Interior and artistic equipment

The interior of Dreikönigen is determined by the longitudinal orientation of the three-aisled church building, with the central nave with its eleven meters overhanging the eight-meter high aisles. The choir is built in the continuation of the central nave and ends with a round apse. The longitudinal and transverse beams of the central nave structure the ceiling. Due to their arched design, the cross members give the impression that the ceiling of the church is a barrel vault .

Although the Dreikönigen church is a concrete building, this building material is not visible because the walls are plastered and the concrete columns were clad with artificial stone. Nevertheless, the supporting structure of the concrete elements is shown inside and used to structure the space. The window surfaces and the ceiling bear a pattern designed by Ferdinand Pfammatter with a diagonal cross, which is also used on the balustrade of the gallery and the porch doors.

Stained glass window

The glass mosaics in the choir and above the organ loft designed by Paul Monnier (1907–1982) are an essential design element of the interior of the church . In contrast to the traditional leaded glass windows , the colored glasses were not held by lead rods but by concrete. The glass concrete windows by Paul Monnier get their fascinating effect from the unevenness of the two surfaces as well as from the thickness and luminosity of the glass.

The glass windows take up the following themes from the Old and New Testaments : middle window - Christmas , left window - Holy Week , right window - Easter , window on the right outside - prophets , window on the left outside - the five books of Moses .

As a counterpart to the choir windows, as in the Maria Frieden Dübendorf church, there is a rose window on the entrance front above the organ gallery, which takes up the glass art of Gothic cathedrals.

Further equipment

When the choir was redesigned in 2008–2009, the altar and ambo were removed, as was the previous baptismal font from 1973 in the baptistery. The baptistery remained in the same condition as Ferdinand Pfammatter had built it. The three removed liturgical elements were replaced by a newly designed altar, ambo and baptismal font by Frédéric Dedelley. In the course of this redesign, the existing tabernacle including the eternal light was moved to the left aisle. In the right aisle there is the new baptismal font as a counterpart to the tabernacle. It is movable and is set up in the choir room during a baptism and thus forms a triad with altar and ambo. The liturgical furniture is made of oak and takes up the pattern with the diagonal cross designed by Ferdinand Pfammatter.

In the side aisles there are wall mosaics , which were designed by Suzanne Grichting-Le Bourgeois (1906–1958). On the left Mary is shown with the child, on the right Joseph with the baby Jesus. The corpus Christi in the choir is made of ivory and was designed by Gaston Etienne Le Bourgeois, the father of Suzanne Grichting. The tabernacle, eternal light, wall lights at the entrance and the ridge crown were created by the sculptor Willi Buck (1911–1997) from Wil SG . The statue of Our Lady in the side chapel comes from the chapel in Enge train station and was carved by the sculptors Payer and Wipplinger, Einsiedeln . The two copper reliefs by Willi Buck in the old baptistery show St. Antonius and brother Klaus. Willi Buck also designed the Stations of the Cross on the eastern side wall.

organ

Initially, the Dreikönigen Church only had an electronic organ . On March 27, 1960, today's organ, an instrument built by the organ building company Kuhn in Männedorf, was inaugurated. As in the Maria Frieden Dübendorf church, the organ was divided into two sound bodies because of the rosette. The three manual grinding loading -Orgel with pedal and electrical play and stop action has 34 registers , also three transmissions and an extract. The disposition of the organ should both meet the requirements of the organ reform and enable the reproduction of all organ literature. The organ's disposition is:

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Covered 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Bourdon 8th'
Gemshorn 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Night horn 4 ′
Super octave 2 ′
Sharp VI 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Schalmey 8th'
II Positive C-g 3
Covered 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
Octave 2 ′
Zimbel IV – V 1'
Quartan II 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Krummhorn 8th'
III Swell C – g 3
Principal 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Unda maris 8th'
Suavial 4 ′
Pointed flute 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
recorder 2 ′
Mixture VI 2 ′
Dulcian 16 '
Trumpet harm. 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
Pedal C – f 1
Principal 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Bourdon 16 ′
Praestant 8th'
Covered 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Mixture V 4 ′
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'

crypt

The crypt is characterized by the three colored windows by Paul Monnier. They show various biblical motifs. The tabernacle and the altar in the crypt are by Josef Caminada.

See also

literature

  • Guido Kolb: 100 years of St. Peter and Paul. Zurich 1974.
  • Eduard Schuler: Catholic parish Dübendorf, jubilee year 1977. Anniversary publication, Dübendorf 1977.
  • Episcopal Ordinariate Chur (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese of Chur. Chur 1980.
  • Paul Guyer: The story of tightness. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1980.
  • Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. 1989, Zurich 1989.
  • Elias Wetli: Were the Three Kings in a corner? In: Parish Dreikönigen (ed.): Reminder newspaper for the 50th anniversary. Zurich 2001.
  • Markus Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 896, Series 90). Ed.  Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2011, ISBN 978-3-03797-023-2 .
  • Robert Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. 2012, New Year's Gazette Industriequartier / Aussersihl, Zurich 2012.
  • City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development (Ed.): Catholic Churches of the City of Zurich. Inventory of Monument Preservation of the City of Zurich. Zurich 2014.

Web links

Commons : Dreikönigen (Zurich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of the parish. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  2. ↑ Guyer: The story of tightness. 1980, p. 37
  3. ↑ Wetli: Were the Three Kings in a corner? 2001
  4. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 4
  5. ^ Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. 1989, p. 158
  6. ^ Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. 2012, p. 46
  7. ^ Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. 1989, p. 158
  8. ^ Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. 1989, p. 159
  9. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 8
  10. ^ Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Churches in the City of Zurich. 1989, p. 159
  11. ^ City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development (Ed.): Catholic Churches of the City of Zurich. Inventory of Monument Preservation of the City of Zurich. P. 39.
  12. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, pp. 8–9
  13. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 9, and Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. 2012, p. 46
  14. ^ Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. 2012, p. 46
  15. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 10
  16. ↑ Catholic Church in the Canton of Zurich: Annual Report 2017. p. 84.
  17. ↑ Ferdinand Pfammatter, in: Schuler: Katholische Pfarrei Dübendorf, jubilee year 1977. 1977, p. 43
  18. ^ Rainald Fischer, in: Kolb: 100 years of St. Peter and Paul. 1974, pp. 197-198
  19. ^ City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development (Ed.): Catholic Churches of the City of Zurich. Inventory of Monument Preservation of the City of Zurich. P. 40.
  20. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 2
  21. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 14
  22. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 14
  23. ↑ Schuler: Katholische Pfarrei Dübendorf, jubilee year 1977. 1977, p. 59
  24. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, pp. 17-18
  25. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 21
  26. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, pp. 18-19
  27. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 19
  28. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, pp. 19-20
  29. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 20
  30. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 21.
  31. ^ Website of the organ builder. Retrieved July 6, 2013
  32. ^ Fischer: Dreikönigskirche in Zurich-Enge. 2011, p. 20

Coordinates: 47 ° 21 '40.9 "  N , 8 ° 31' 47.9"  E ; CH1903:  six hundred eighty-two thousand four hundred forty-three  /  246187