Guild (Zurich)
The twelve old guilds of the city of Zurich were originally craft associations and emerged in the 14th century. The 14 new guilds came into being in the second half of the 19th century.
history
origin
From the 11th to the 13th centuries, numerous craft associations and corporations emerged throughout Europe, representing the interests of their trade and increasingly trying to be politically active. Such efforts were prevented in Zurich. The city was ruled by a council of knights and free citizens who had great economic power. Small traders and artisans had no rights.
Brunsche guild constitution
On June 7, 1336, the knight Rudolf Brun drove the councilors out of the town hall together with craftsmen and shopkeepers. Based on the model of the «oath letter» of the city of Strasbourg from 1334, Brun put his guild constitution into effect, in which the existing groups were combined in guilds as permanent organizations. The Great City Council was formed from their representatives. Until now, every citizen of the city and Switzerland who was entitled to vote and who owned land in the city had to belong to a guild. In addition to the guilds with full rights, there were also men in the guilds who only exercised their right to vote there.
resolution
In 1798 the French dissolved the political guilds in Helvetic Republic under the motto "Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité" after 462 years of domination. In the “Constitution of the Canton of Zurich” issued on February 19, 1803, however, Art. 2 sentence 2 stated: “The former guilds of the City of Zurich have been restored”, but these were purely constituencies. These guilds became superfluous when, with the new municipal law for the canton of Zurich in 1866, the right to vote was transferred to the entire population. As a result, the guilds lost their last political rights and the old structures no longer had a place in the newly formed state. The Constaffel Society and the guilds had lost their position of power and henceforth maintained their activities as guardians of traditions. The guild houses were sold with a few exceptions.
New beginning
_-_Innenansicht_2010-10-08_14-46-34_ShiftN.jpg)
During the Biedermeier era , young guilders looked for new activities within their circle. From 1818 they started with simple nightly small parades, from which the Sechseläuten developed over the decades . Since then, the Constaffel Society and the guilds have formed associations of men with similar traditional interests, “in which the old core of the citizenry has a love for the hometown, for closer and wider homeland, a good bourgeois spirit and an understanding of old Zurich customs and traditions Festivities keeps watch and cares ».
Younger guilds
The younger or new guilds emerged in the second half of the 19th century. In 1867 the town guild was established in the Gasthof zum Schwanen an der Schipfe in order to “serve the same purposes as the old guilds”. This was followed by other new guilds, mostly in connection with the incorporations of 1893 and 1934. The founders of the district guilds wanted to commit themselves to the city on the one hand, and to keep alive the memory of the former communities on the other.
The Frauenzunft Gesellschaft zu Fraumünster is not counted among the Zurich guilds , even though it was allowed to take part as a guest at the Sechseläuten for the first time in 2011.
activities
The highlight of the activities of all guilds is the organization and implementation of the Sechseläutens. In addition, the guilds hold various types of events, which can differ from guild to guild. In addition to the monthly meetings, which are often connected with a lecture, there are often evenings with musical lectures or readings. Many guilds hold events to maintain historical customs or social events.
Sechseläuten
The Sechseläuten takes place on the third Monday in April . If this day falls on Holy Week or Easter Monday, the event will be postponed by one week.
Around 3500 guilders in their historical costumes, traditional costumes and uniforms, guests of honor, over 350 riders, around 50 horse-drawn carriages and around 30 music corps march through Bahnhofstrasse and Limmatquai to Sechseläutenplatz .
Central Committee of the Zurich Guilds
The Gesellschaft zur Constaffel and the Zurich guilds are members of the Association of Zurich Guilds (VZZ); its highest body is the guild master meeting.
The Central Committee of the Zurich Guilds (ZZZ) is the executive body of the association and, by definition, is responsible for organizing the Sechseläuten. It was founded in 1871; A committee for the organization and implementation of the Sechseläuten was founded under the name “Sechseläuten-Central-Comité”. The committee represents issues of common interest and financially supports the implementation of the parade and the children's parade on Sunday. The current name “Central Committee of the Zurich Guilds” has been in effect since July 13, 1914. Each guild has a representative on the committee.
Historical guilds
| Surname | coat of arms | description | founding | Guild / Society House | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Society for Constaffel |
|
Society of knights and nobles | 1336 | House for the male | Website |
| Guild for saffron |
|
Traders' guild mainly textile, hardware, food and spice traders | 1336 | Zunfthaus zur Saffran | Website |
| Guild of the titmouse |
|
Guild of wine merchants, innkeepers, saddlers and painters | 1336 | Zunfthaus zur Meisen | Website |
| Guild for Schmiden |
|
Guild of iron, copper, silver and goldsmiths , pot foundries, locksmiths, clockmakers, bell foundries, plumber , bathers and shearers | 1336 | Zunfthaus Zur Schmiden | Website |
| Guild to move away |
|
Guild of bakers and millers | 1336 | Weisser Wind restaurant | Website |
| United guilds for Gerwe and shoemakers |
|
Guild of tanners and shoemakers | 1336, union of the two guilds in 1877 | Hotel Savoy | Website |
| Guild of Aries |
|
Guild of butchers and cattle dealers | 1336 | Aries Hotel | Website |
| Guild for carpenters |
|
Guild of carpenters , bricklayers, wagons, turners , timber merchants, stone cutters , stoners and vine growers | 1336 | Zunfthaus zur Zimmerleuten | Website |
| Guild of Tailors |
|
Guild of cloth suppliers, furriers and tailors | 1336 | Zunfthaus zum Königstuhl | Website |
| Guild for shipmen |
|
Guild of fishermen and boatmen | 1336 | Hotel Storchen | Website |
| Guild to the Kämbel |
|
Guild of small traders, Grempler, Oeler, Gartner and salt people | 1336 | Guild house to the hoe | Website |
| Guild to the Waag |
|
Guild of woolen weavers, hat makers, linen weavers and linen dealers | 1336, Guild of Wool Weavers and Guild of Linen Weavers, merged in 1440 to form the Guild of Waag | Guild House and Restaurant Zur Waag | Website |
New guilds
| Surname | coat of arms | description | founding | Guild / Society House | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City guild |
|
Guild of the City of Zurich (Old Town) | 1867 | Guild room: Hotel Marriott | Website |
| Guild Riesbach |
|
Guild of the Riesbach district | 1887 | Guild House for Green Glass | Website |
| Guild Fluntern |
|
Guild of the Fluntern district | 1895 | Kunsthaus Zurich lecture hall | Website |
| Guild of the Three Kings |
|
Guild of the Enge district | 1897 | Kongresshaus, Dreikönigsaal | Website |
| Guild Hottingen |
|
Guild of the Hottingen district | 1897 | Guild House "Am Neumarkt" | Website |
| Guild of Wiedikon |
|
Guild of the Wiedikon quarter | 1897 | Gasthof zum Falken / Falcone | Website |
| Guild Wollishofen |
|
Guild of the Wollishofen district | 1900 | Belvoirpark restaurant | |
| Guild Hard |
|
Guild of the Aussersihl and Hard quarters | 1922 | Werdguet restaurant | Website |
| Guild Oberstrass |
|
Guild of the Oberstrass district | 1925 | Tavern zur Linde | Website |
| Guild of St. Niklaus |
|
Guild of the Affoltern , Oerlikon and Seebach districts | 1933 | Carlton Restaurant | Website |
| Guild Höngg |
|
Guild of the Höngg district | 1934 | Restaurant Mülihalde / Desperado Am Sechseläuten: Au Premier station buffet |
Website |
| Guild of the Letzi |
|
Guild of the Altstetten and Albisrieden quarters | 1934 | Restaurant Letzistube / Zum Turm | Website |
| Guild Schwamendingen |
|
Guild of the Schwamendingen district | 1975 | Gasthof Hirschen Am Sechseläuten: Hotel Glockenhof |
Website |
| Witikon guild |
|
Guild of the Witikon district | 1980 | Guild room: Restaurant Elefant Am Sechseläuten: Hotel Schweizerhof |
Website |
Guild houses
Each guild has a guild house or a guild room, in which events and events of the respective guild take place during the year. Most of these guild rooms are located in Zurich's old town . Some guilds, especially district guilds, have more than one guild bar and also move into a bar in the old town on Sechseläuten.
Limmatquai, " Haus zum Rüden " (Constaffel)
Stüsshofstatt, guild house "zur Schmiden"
Limmatquai, guild house "zur Zimmerleuten"
Stüssihofstatt, guild house "zur Schneidern"
Weinplatz, Hotel "zum Storchen" (shipmen)
Limmatquai, guild house "zur Haue" (Kämbel)
Münsterhof, former guild house "zum Kämbel" (1487–1798)
Münsterhof, guild house "zur Waag"
Limmatquai, guild houses Saffran, Haue and Rüden
literature
- Otto Sigg , Riccardo Jagmetti u. a .: Guild glory 1336–1798. In: Central Committee of the Zurich Guilds (ed.): 650 Years of Zurich Guilds, 1336–1986 . Zurich 1986.
- Walter Baumann: Zürcher Sechseläuten, Constaffel and the 25 guilds . Verlag NZZ , Zurich 1992, ISBN 3-85823-355-2 .
- Salomon Friedrich Gyr: Zurich guild histories . Publishing house of the Central Committee of Zurich Guilds. 2nd extended edition, 1929 (first edition Sechseläuten 1909).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Guild events throughout the year ( memento of the original from July 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Walter Baumann: Zürcher Sechseläuten, Constaffel and the 25 guilds. Publishing house NZZ , Zurich 1992
