Hard (City of Zurich)

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Hard coat of arms
Coat of arms of Zurich
Hard
quarter of Zurich
Map of Hard
Coordinates 681.36 thousand  /  248200 coordinates: 47 ° 22 '47 "  N , 8 ° 30' 58"  O ; CH1903:  six hundred eighty-one thousand three hundred sixty  /  248200
height 410  m
surface 1.46 km²
Residents 13,232 (December 31, 2014)
Population density 9063 inhabitants / km²
BFS no. 261-044
Post Code 8004
Urban district District 4

The Hard district (formerly Middle Sihlfeld ) is a district in District 4 of the city ​​of Zurich . It has a field name that refers to the Hardturm and geographically differs from the name of the quarter. According to the classification of the statistical office, the tower is now in the Escher Wyss quarter , which geographically and historically forms the lower Hard .

coat of arms

Blazon

In blue over a silver wave beam, a bricked silver tower with three bay windows and a red roof

The coat of arms of the district Hard and Hard guild - the common guild of urban districts and industrial district Aussersihl - represents the Hardturm represents Until 1954, the coat of arms of the hardware included a green. Three mountain instead of the silver wave beam.

geography

View from Uetliberg to Hard and the industrial quarter (background)
Hardau skyscrapers

There are no topographically conspicuous elevations within the quarter. The four Hardau skyscrapers are a distinctive feature of the quarter . The tallest of the four towers (92 meters) was the tallest building in Zurich until 2010. Another high-rise building is located on the south-eastern edge of the quarter: the Lochergut housing estate . The highest point is Bullingerplatz (410 m above sea level).

District boundary

The district of Hard spreads out at the east and west end of the Hardbrücke . It borders the Altstetten district in the west, the Sihlfeld district in the south and the Langstrasse district in the east . The northern border forms the apron of the main station , in the northeast is the coal triangle , where the left bank Seebahn branches off to the south and forms the border to the Langstrasse district. To the west of the coal triangle is the old Zurich freight yard .

Geological Sihlfeld

The former sloping path (running diagonally to the block perimeter buildings), which was renamed Sihlfeldstrasse, is reminiscent of the old field name Sihlfeld . The road leads across the Hard district ( middle Sihlfeld ) to the Sihlfeld district ( upper Sihlfeld ). The quarter is not congruent with the geological Sihlfeld, which extends to the Limmat ( lower Sihlfeld ) and mixes with the Limmat gravel, which also carries groundwater. The hollow road formed the border between the middle and lower Sihlfeld. Until 1787, the lower Sihlfeld also belonged to the former community of Wiedikon, when Aussersihls split off, its affiliation changed.

Places

history

Zurich towards the lake from the north-west, Eduard Spelterini 1904, the Hard quarter (right) is still little built up next to the freight station and Sihlfeldstrasse / Schügelweg

The term Hard refers to forested (solid) Alluvialland . This alluvial area of ​​the Limmat and Sihl originally belonged to the Gross-Mark Wiedikon . In the Middle Ages, oak forests and courtyards existed here as well as the common land of the Zurich citizens. The Hard Tower in the west of the Hard was the residence of the Manesse family and passed to the city as the Fraumünster fiefdom during the Reformation . 1251 left the Gross-Mark Wiedikon Harde (Hard), 1271 Silvelde (Sihlfeld). From then on, the Hard area belonged to the Aussersihl community.

The poor economic situation at the end of the 19th century forced the community of Aussersihl to ask the city of Zurich to incorporate it in 1891 . The Aussersihler agreed with 4440 yes to 43 no. The suburb had not only a larger area, but also more inhabitants than the city of Zurich at the time. On January 1, 1893, the community was incorporated into the city of Zurich. Aussersihl and the industrial quarter that belonged to it at that time were added to Stadtkreis III, Wiedikon, from which the municipality had split off a good 100 years earlier.

The division of the original five city districts was revised in 1913. The former community of Aussersihl became today's city district 4, while the industrial quarter, which was split off in 1875 but previously belonged to Aussersihl, became city district 5. The area of ​​the former community of Wiedikon became today's Stadtkreis 3.

In a further revision of the city districts in 1971, including Aussersihl from the Statistical Office of the City of Zurich , divided into the three quarters Werd, Hard and Langstrasse on the drawing board , which are almost exclusively of statistical significance.

Lively construction activity developed along with the influx of Italian construction workers.

In 1897 the new freight yard was occupied. In 1909 a new municipal slaughterhouse was opened in the industrial area west of Zurich's main train station. This was connected to the SBB shunting tracks by a 1.3 km long industrial line on which the cattle could be brought in directly. This line existed until 1960. The SBB main workshop started operations in 1911.

Churches

Catholic Church of St. Felix and Regula

There are two churches in Quartier Hard:

  • The Bullinger Church of the Evangelical Reformed Church was built in 1956 and complements the building ensemble of the parish hall and two parsonages that has existed since 1925/1930. After the Pauluskirche in the Unterstrass district, the free-standing bell tower has the second most powerful bell in the city of Zurich with a total weight of 12,446 kg. With its name it reminds of the successor of Huldrych Zwingli , the reformer Heinrich Bullinger .
  • The Church of St. Felix and Regula of the Roman Catholic Church was built between 1949 and 1950 by the architect Fritz Metzger . It is consecrated to the patron saints of Zurich, St. Felix and Regula , and is an architecturally forward-looking church. The church no longer has a longitudinal floor plan, but is built in the shape of a transverse oval. The pillars in the church are reminiscent of the tent of God and the structuring of the walls with building blocks reminds that the parish is made of living stones. In 2012, the church was restored to its original state with the help of the Monument Authority.

Residential colonies Sihlfeld / Seebahneinschnitt

Inner courtyard of the Bullingerhof colony
Oriel pictures Colony Kanzleistrasse ABZ on Seebahnstrasse

The Sihlfeld / Seebahneinschnitt housing complex, which is worthy of protection, is one of the largest and best-preserved ensembles of residential courtyards built in Europe in the interwar period. The Kanzlei (ABZ) and Seebahn (BEP) settlements were built in 1930 and, as contemporary witnesses, were part of the inventory of buildings worthy of protection in the city of Zurich. Nevertheless, they are to be replaced by new buildings with 300 to 350 more energy-efficient apartments. On August 31, 2016, the City Council of Zurich removed the “Seebahnhöfe” from the inventory of buildings worthy of protection. The Zurich Homeland Security filed an appeal against the inventory dismissals of the cooperative settlements of the BEP and the ABZ in Zurich Aussersihl in October 2016 because these settlements were considered to be prototypes of the residential courtyard in Switzerland and were therefore highly worthy of protection. In May 2017, the building course court ranked residential construction interests higher than the building's worthy of protection and rejected the complaints of the Zurich homeland security.

Around 1920 the Sihlfeld was still largely undeveloped cultivated land. The lowering of the Seebahn , which was previously at street level , was completed in 1927 and triggered one of the largest urban redesigns in Zurich. The city planner Konrad Hippenmeier wanted to create well-defined street spaces and squares based on the principles of artistic urban planning by the Viennese city architect Camillo Sitte , in order to enable closed development with block edges. In order to overcome the narrow perimeter block development of the 19th century, residential colonies about twice as large and free inner courtyards that were not replaced by commercial buildings were planned. The Red Zurich wanted with the large courtyards of after World War I meet prevailing housing with low-cost apartments.

Around Bullingerplatz as the center of the 500 by 500 meter area between Badenerstrasse, Hardstrasse, Hohlstrasse and Seebahnstrasse , building plots for larger block perimeter buildings were separated out with a star-shaped street layout - based on the ideal city scheme of the Renaissance - and a network of secondary streets. Between the office and Stauffacherstrasse, he widened Erismannstrasse to an elongated space 34 meters wide. Along the trench of Seebahnstrasse, three squares were created with secondary district roads for block perimeter developments. In the first square, the city built the Erismannhof in 1928, in the other two the building cooperative of the federal staff Zurich BEP (Colony Seebahn 1930) and the General Building Cooperative Zurich ABZ (Colony Kanzleistrasse 1930) realized their developments.

Many residential colonies were provided with paintings, sgraffiti and mosaics by the cooperatives. These had not only decorative and representative purposes, but also educational concerns: the positive depictions of everyday workers' life served as targeted encouragement in a socially, politically and economically insecure time. A special example is the ABZ colony Kanzleistrasse, where the painter Wilhelm Hartung realized around forty facade paintings in 1930 in the tradition of the Zurich cooperative paintings .

population

With a proportion of foreigners of 47.7%, the quarter has the highest proportion of foreigners in Zurich. The reason for this is the history of the district. The district of Hard was the original working-class district, in which many immigrant guest workers from Italy and Portugal settled in the 1960s.

literature

  • Episcopal Ordinariate Chur (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese of Chur. Chur 1980
  • Presidential Department of the City of Zurich, Statistics City of Zurich: District mirror Hard . Zurich 2015 ( read online )
  • Jan Capol: The longing for harmony. A semiotic and mentality historical interpretation of the facade pictures of the Zurich building cooperatives , Chronos Verlag, Zurich 2000, ISBN 978-3-905313-52-9
  • Bernadette Fülscher: Art in the public space of the city of Zurich. 1300 works - an inventory . Chronos Verlag, Zurich 2012, ISBN 978-3-0340-1084-9
  • Bernadette Fülscher: The longing for a better world in the facade paintings by Wilhelm Hartung , in: Seebahnstrasse Zurich Aussersihl. Cooperative settlements of the ABZ and BEP, New Year's Gazette 2013 of the Heimatschutz of the City of Zurich, ISBN 978-3-033-03704-5

Web links

Commons : Hard (City of Zurich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Felix Marbach: Zurich-Wollishofen , in: Bischöfliches Ordinariat Chur (ed.): Schematismus des Bistums Chur. Chur 1980, p. 276
  2. ^ Accumulator locomotive of the slaughterhouse in Zurich, 1909. In: Drehscheibe Online Forum. February 3, 2013, accessed December 3, 2013 .
  3. ↑ See the following: Robert Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. New Year's Gazette Industriequartier / Aussersihl. Zurich 2013, pp. 20–21.
  4. ↑ Fabrizio Brentini: Rudolf Schwarz and his influence on church architecture in Switzerland. pdf pp. 2 and 5
  5. ↑ New Year's Gazette 2013 of the City of Zurich Homeland Security: Seebahnstrasse Zurich Aussersihl: ABZ and BEP cooperative settlements
  6. ↑ Tages-Anzeiger of March 20, 2012: We are actually much too late with the construction project
  7. ↑ Zürcher Heimatschutz ZVH, media release of October 25, 2016: Urban and cooperative housing policy on the wrong track
  8. ↑ Landbote from May 11, 2017: No protection for old housing estates
  9. ^ City of Zurich: Erismannhof